ocean acidification victoria j. fabry and andrew g. dickson scripps institution of oceanography and...
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Ocean AcidificationOcean Acidification
Victoria J. Fabry and Andrew G. DicksonScripps Institution of Oceanography
and California State University San Marcos
Atmospheric CO2 concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii
Atmospheric CO2 concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii
Ocean pH at the Hawaii Ocean
Time-Series Site
Effect of adding CO2 to seawater
increase in dissolved CO2
increases bicarbonate
decreases carbonate
hydrogen ion concentration increases
CO2 CO32 H2O Ä 2HCO3
pH = –log [H+] decreases
and the saturation state of calcium carbonate decreases
↔
CO2 concentration in the atmosphere
Measured
CO2 concentration in the atmosphere
Measured
IPCC scenarioA1FI
1765 280 ppm
Aragonite saturation state(from corals’ point of view)
Extremely low Optimal
2010 390 ppm
Extremely low Optimal
Aragonite saturation state(from corals’ point of view)
2040 495 ppm
Extremely low Optimal
Aragonite saturation state(from corals’ point of view)
2080 788 ppm
Extremely low Optimal
Aragonite saturation state(from corals’ point of view)
1997 2008
Science, 2009
Sabine et al. (2004) & Doney (2006)
Distribution of excess CO2 in the oceans