non traditional sources of pollution in indian cities · 2020-05-01 · non‐traditional sources...

@ www.urbanemissions.info

Non‐Traditional Sources of Pollution in Indian Cities

Dr. Sarath Guttikunda@ URBANEMISSIONS.Info, New Delhi, India

2nd National Research Conference on Climate ChangeOrganized by Center for Science and Environment & Indian Institute of Technology (Delhi)

@ IIT‐Delhi, New Delhi, India, November 5‐6, 2011


Local

perspective ?


NOx

Ammonia

VOCs

Primary Particles(directly emitted)

Secondary Particles(from precursor gases)

Other(sea salt)

Other(sea salt)

Crustal(soil,dust)

Crustal(soil,dust)

OrganicCarbonOrganicCarbonCarbon

(Soot)Carbon(Soot)

SO2

AmmoniumSulfate

AmmoniumSulfate

AmmoniumNitrate

AmmoniumNitrate

MetalsMetals

Chemical composition gives an indication of the sources

Gas

ParticleParticle

PM

Source: J. Chow, DRI


CO2 H2O CH4 CO CO2 SO2

Hydrosphere Human Activity

N2OCFCs

Stratosphere

H2SO4H2SO4

BCBC

OHO(1D)

OH

HNO3HNO3

O3

HO2

OH

NO2

NOUV O2

O2

O2

UV

OH

Greenhouse GasesPrimary PollutantsAbsorbing Aerosols (BC)

Reactive Free RadicalsLess Reactive RadicalsReflective Aerosols

Courtesy : John Reilly, MIT

VOC

Lightning

PM

Source: Riely, MIT


Traditional known sources

industries

vehicle exhaust

power plants

road dust

domestic fuels

garbage burning

construction


Results, using..Monitoring dataChemistry of the pollutantsGeographical knowledgeMeteorology Modeling

industries

vehicle exhaust

power plants

road dust

domestic fuels

garbage burning

construction

%

%%

%

%%

%

Consolidated decisions


Information

monitoring

data collection

Analysis

hot spots

apportionment

emissions

dispersion

impacts

Options

institutional

policy

technical

economic

impacts

Dialogue

stakeholders

options

cost & benefits

prioritization1 2 3 4

analyzing co‐benefits

How are we addressing these gaps?


August 31st 2008, API = 24

Photo Diary of Air Pollution in Beijing

August 24th 2009, API = 97

August 13th 2010, API = 83

50% drop in the NOx concentrations, during the 2 months of Olympic interventions.

2008 Olympic Games – Beijing, China


October 10th, 2010Mobile lidar monitoring provided spatial and temporal evolution of pollution during the games.

Pollution due to high congestion is reflected in the results

Emissions

Concentrations

2010 CW Games ‐ Delhi, India

Source: SIM‐air Working Paper No.36


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

PM2.5 Emissionsper grid

0.00 to 0.06 0.06 to 0.28 0.28 to 1.47 1.47 to 10.88 10.88 to 104.10

BK3%IND

11%

VEH57%

DOM6%

WST5%

GS8%

CON0.5%

DST10%

IND = industries; PP = power plants; DOM = domestic; VEH = transport; DST = road dust; WST = waste burning; CON = construction activities; BK = brick kilns; GS = generator sets

% ground emissionsin the box

Gridded Vehicle PM2.5 Emissions in Delhi, India

Source: SIM‐air Working Paper No.36


Generator Usage in Pune, India

Hospitals Hotels Apartments and Markets

Other cities in India – Hyderabad, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Delhi, Surat, Indore, Rajkot, Kolkata, Bangalore

Source: SIM‐air 6 City Study (2011)


Study results from PM2.5 Hydrocarbon analysis of measured samples from 2002.

Summer concentrations 40‐80 μg/m3 daily averageWinter concentrations 90‐320 μg/m3 daily average

Details @ www.urbanemissions.info/pmsa

Summer Winter

Seasonal sources in Delhi, India


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

PM2.5 Emissionsper grid

0.00 to 0.06 0.06 to 0.28 0.28 to 1.47 1.47 to 10.88 10.88 to 104.10

% ground emissionsin the box

BK46%

IND8%

DST6%

CON1.5%

GS2%

WST4%DOM

3%

VEH30%

Gridded Vehicle PM2.5 Emissions in Delhi, India

IND = industries; PP = power plants; DOM = domestic; VEH = transport; DST = road dust; WST = waste burning; CON = construction activities; BK = brick kilns; GS = generator sets


Brick kiln Industry in India

Chennai, ~550 Pune, ~400 Ahmedabad, ~400

Delhi, ~800

CLAMP

BTK


Chennai, India80 80.05 80.1 80.15 80.2 80.25 80.3 80.35 80.4

12.9

12.95

13

13.05

13.1

13.15

13.2

13.25

Brick Kilns

Brick Kilns

Bay

of B

enga

l

Chennai Port

Power Plant

IITAirport

Industries

Industries

80 80.05 80.1 80.15 80.2 80.25 80.3 80.35 80.4

12.9

12.95

13

13.05

13.1

13.15

13.2

13.25

0.0 to 0.0 0.0 to 0.8 0.8 to 2.0 2.0 to 11.5 11.5 to 116.8

PM10 Emissionsper square km

80 80.05 80.1 80.15 80.2 80.25 80.3 80.35 80.4

12.9

12.95

13

13.05

13.1

13.15

13.2

13.25 μg/m3

Brick Kilns

Brick Kilns

Bay

of B

enga

l

Chennai Port

Power Plant

IITAirport

Industries

Industries

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

100

80 80.05 80.1 80.15 80.2 80.25 80.3 80.35 80.4

12.9

12.95

13

13.05

13.1

13.15

13.2

13.25

Kilns

PM10 Emissions

PM10 Pollution

VEH16%

DST24%

DOM11%

WST8%

GEN11%

IND12%

BK6%

CON5%

OTH2%

PP5%

44 km


Indo‐Gangetic Region

•Transport•Rural Biomass Cooking•Agricultural• Industries•Brick Kilns

PM10


Indo‐Gangetic Region

•Transport•Rural biomass cooking•Agricultural• Industries•Brick kilns

PM10


Coal Unloading onto Conveyor BeltNorth Chennai PP

Freight activity

Brick Kilns

DOM4%

BK6%

IND2%

CON6%

WB5%

RD36%

GS2%

TR18%

PP21%

DOM6%

BK8%

GS5%

TR61%

IND20%

2010 ‐ PM10~56,000 tons/yr

2010 ‐ CO2~25 mil tons/yr

Chennai, IndiaSource: SIM‐air 6 City Study (2011)


Non‐Urban: High Altitude Passes

Rohtang pass, Himachal Pradesh


• Brick kilns– emerging technologies and replacement material

• High altitude sources– freight movement and vehicle and road maintenance programs

• Freight movement and management– on road, rail, and ship

• Domestic sector– rural biomass cooking

Possible strategies for facilitating action for short‐term (and rapid) gains in air pollution for the cities and

support climate policy


Health Impacts in 6 Cities



Co‐Benefits in 6 Cities



-1000000 -500000 0 500000 1000000 1500000500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

4000000

123456789101112131415161718192021 Urban

Water and Land MixturesForest/Field MosaicMixed ForestDeciduous ShrubsEvergreen ShrubsOceanInland WaterBogs and MarshesIce Caps and Glaciers SemidesertIrrigated Crops TundraDesertTall GrassEvergreen Broadleaf TreesDeciduous Broadleaf TreesDeciduous Needleleaf TreesEvergreen Needleleaf Trees Short GrassCrops, Mixed Farming

Energy intensity

Population Landuse

Road Network

Gridded Inventory

Domain 2

Domain 1

(2012) www.indiaairquality.info


Thank you

Questions?Dr. Sarath Guttikunda

@ www.urbanemissions.info New Delhi, India

September, 2011

non traditional sources of pollution in indian cities · 2020-05-01 · non‐traditional sources...

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