next phase offukushima daiichi d&d · ©nuclear damage compensation and decommissioning...

Nuclear Damage Compensation and Decommissioning Facilitation Corporation

©Nuclear Damage Compensation and Decommissioning Facilitation Corporation

Next Phase of Fukushima Daiichi D&D(Enhanced institutional and technical efforts by Team Japan )

Hajimu YamanaPresident, Nuclear Damage Compensation and Decommissioning Facilitation Corporation (NDF)Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University

Sept. 18, 2017

IAEA General ConferenceSide Event by Japan


Fukushima Daiichi D&D

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• Core Cooling with Multi‐nuclide Removal System

• Highly Contaminated Water Removal from Trench and Buildings

• Spent Fuel Removal from Fuel Pond• Groundwater Inflow Reduction• Radiation Safety Improvement

• Fuel‐debris Retrieval• Waste Management• Site Cleanup• Safety Assurance for Workers

• Co‐operation by Public• Human Resources

2011‐2016

Engaged in an emergency crisis mode to reduce the short‐term high risk

2017‐2021‐future

Sustainable and steady operation to reduce the long‐term risk


Recent Chronology of D&D and Institutional Reform

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2011 20212017

Stabilization (Contaminated Water Measures, Spent Fuel Removal) and Preparation for the Fuel‐debris Retrieval

Post‐accident emergency response

Phase‐1 Phase‐2 Phase‐3

Fuel‐debris Retrieval Policies for each unit

Method for the first unit

Start of retrieval

Strategic Plan 2017

Approaches for processing & disposal

Waste Management

Roadmap revision expected

In‐Reactor Inspection & R&Ds

Management/Assessment of TEPCO Operation by Government

Government’s deliberation of future management of TEPCO

（TEPCO Reform Panel)

Decision to continuous engagement of government to TEPCO

New NDF Law; D&D Reserve Fund

New Comprehensive Business Plan

Milestones by mid and long‐term Roadmap

Progress of D&D Operations and Strategy

TEPCO’s Business Management and its Reform

2016

Strategic Plan

Road Map

Prospect of processing & disposal


Technical Strategy

Decommissioning Reserve Fund

starting from 2018


starting from 2018

Recent Large-scale Reform of

TEPCO

Recent Large-scale Reform of

TEPCO

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Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters

Whole of related Ministries

METI NRANDF

TEPCO・HD(D&D Company)

Compensation Facilitation• Shareholder of TEPCO by majority of votes

• Loan to TEPCO for compensation

•Business oversight of TEPCO

D&D Facilitation• Technical strategy for D&D to METI & TEPCO D&D

•Advise/recommendation to TEPCO D&D

•R&D planning

Government responsibility for disaster response

・Power operations continued through government loan and investment

・Full responsibility for 1F D&D ・Liability for compensation to the affected People

Technical supportby R&D

Safety regulationD&D policy

Legal and Political Framework of 1F D&D Response

Strategic Plan 2017

Since 2015

Strategic Plan 2017

Since 2015

Responsibility for D&D implementation

JAEAIRID

©Nuclear Damage Compensation and Decommissioning Facilitation Corporation5

Recent Large‐scale Reform of TEPCO

End of 2016 new business direction formulated at TEPCO reform committee Continuous engagement of government to TEPCO management June this year board members refreshed by younger generation May this Year “Comprehensive special business plan ” Revision of NDF law

• Ultimate priority → Business priori zed on liability to Fukushima disaster• Alliance with other power companies (e.g. business with Chubu) and new

business• Increase of future corporate value (higher value of stock)• Reimbursement of compensation loan and securing D&D cost (4.5 B USD/y）• Deposit to decommissioning reserve fund at NDF (2.7 B USD/y on average）• Intensive cost‐cutting and improvement of productivity of power operations• Restart of Kashiwazaki‐Kariwa NPP

Recent Milestones of TEPCO Reform

New Reform of TEPCO Power Business


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Decommissioning Reserve Fund at NDF by Revision of NDF Law

TEPCO HD(Nuclear P.G.)

Fukushima DaiichiD&D company

TEPCO PG (Transmission & Distribution)TEPCO FP (Thermal P.G.)TEPCO EP (Electricity Retail)

Deposit fund annually obligated

Minister of METI

Fund withdrawal planbased on annual D&D plan

Revenue

Budget allocation


Excess‐revenue mostly from cost‐cut at transmission business and redirected to 1F D&D by the Gov’t releaseSpecial exemption under regulated market

D&D plan

NDFNDFD&D Plan jointly compiled

Approval on withdrawal plan

TEPCO groupTEPCO group

2.7 B USD/y on average

Implementation of D&D

Implementation of D&D

•D&D strategy setting•Oversight on D&D project• Fund management

Warrants sustainable finance to ensure ・ TEPCO’s commitment on its responsibility and government’s engagement


Mid and Long‐Term 1F D&D Technical Strategy

Fundamental operating philosophy

• Early reduction of existing risk sources in order to remove possible increase of future risk

• Clear recognition of unknowns and large uncertainties • Flexible but speedy approach (Step by Step)• Holistic optimization and project control of entire D&D programs

Strategic proposals for Roadmap Revision

• Basic policy for fuel‐debris retrieval of each unit• Approaches for processing/disposal for solid radioactive wastes

“Technical Strategic Plan 2017” issued by NDF (August 31,2017)


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Current Estimation of Fuel‐debris Location

SA Analysis Code

Unit 3

Muon Measurement Remote Investigation

http://photo.tepco.co.jp/en/index‐e.html

Unit 2

Underwater ROV used for Unit 3

Current Estimation of most likely Fuel‐debris Location

Unit 1 Mostly at Bottom of PCV

Unit 2 Much at RPV Bottom while some at Bottom of PCV

Unit 3 More at Bottom of PCV than unit 2


Proposal for Fuel‐debris Retrieval (1)

Most preferred Fuel‐debris retrieval

method

Technical Criteria for Selection of Fuel‐debris Retrieval Method

Partial Submersion ‐ Side Access Method

Easier access to bottom of PCVLess construction workMore technical information on bottom of PCV availableLess exposure to workers

1. To secure confinement both for aqueous phase and gaseous phases(ex. Confinement of α particulates)

2. Prevention of re‐criticality3. Structural integrity (seismicity) 4. Reduction of workers exposure 5. Access route

a. Submersion-Top Access

method

b. Partial Submersion - Top

Access method

c. Partial Submersion - Side

Access method

Three Candidate Methods


Proposal for Fuel‐debris Retrieval (2)

• Start preliminary engineering• Focus on and acceleration of development of retrieval method• Enhance in‐reactor inspection• R&D on transfer/storage of waste and retrieved fuel‐debris • Sustainability of project• Holistic optimization and project control of entire D&D programs• Communication with local community

1. Overall optimization from preparatory work to transportation/storage

2. “Step‐by‐Step” approach flexible and adjustable to increasing in‐reactor information

3. To be fully aware of necessity of combination of various technical methods

4. Preliminary engineering work and associated R&D focused on partial‐submerged method

5. Target location : At first fuel‐debris at PCV bottom then continue to revisit with new insights and experiences

6. First access for retrieval: Horizontal

Proposal for Fuel‐debris Retrieval Policy

Way Forward


Image of “Partial Submersion ‐ Side Access Method”

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Securing the structural integrity of the PCV and R/B at seismic events

Dose reduction of workers(decontamination, shielding)

Ensuring worker’s safety

Prevention ofre‐criticality

Water purification system

Water level controlin the R/B

Advanced Filter

Ensuring containment function to prevent radionuclide release

Development of remote fuel‐ debris retrieval equipment

Water level control in the PCV

Preventing leakage of radioactive material

Preventing workers exposure Retrieving Fuel‐debris safely

Gas purification system

Ensuring containment function and the access to the Fuel‐debris (side access method)


Solid Waste Management Approaches

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Policy for Solid Waste Management Focus on characterisation, processing, packaging and storage until determination

of disposal approach

Features of 1F Solid Waste• Huge volume• High radiation • Variety of nuclide compositions and concentration• Lack of experiences in managing and disposal of secondary waste from water treatment in Japan

• Characterisation needed along with progress of 1F D&D

Today’s Challenges and R&D To avoid the generation of waste by reduction of consumables Volume reduction of solid Waste Quick waste characterization Determination of future disposal method based on provisional waste form Pursuit of sustainable waste management scheme Reduction of workers dose


Simultaneous graphic recording of the discussion

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NDF’s Outreach Activity

Day 1 was dedicated to dialogue with local people in an accident‐affected town

2nd International Forum on the Decommissioning of the 1F (July 2＆3, 2017)

Mini workshop among participants

Dialogue between local representatives and METI, NDF and TEPCO

Lecture on “What is 1F D&D?” by facilitator


Summary

New approach for 1F D&D is now established at team Japan, namely Japanese government, NDF and TEPCO.

Government and NDF has formulated new business plan of TEPCO for reform of TEPCO to be a profitable organization to fulfill the responsibility for compensation and decommission. For this purpose board member is refreshed with younger generation

Mandatory mechanism warrants to secure the fund by redirecting part of TEPCO’s additional revue to 1F D&D. NDF manages this fund to oversee TEPCO’s D&D work

With the progress to understand in‐reactor conditions, now new technical proposals become available by NDF’s “Technical Strategic Plan 2017”. New method of fuel‐debris retrieval and approach on waste management are now presented despite the uncertainties still but with flexible Step‐by‐Step approach.

With those changes, TEPCO is now expected to embark on the next steps, namely start of engineering and project management.

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