NEUROSCIENCE REVIEW

YOUR BRAIN KNOWS HOW TO DO THIS!!!

WHAT BUSHY, BRANCHLIKE PART OF A NEURON RECEIVES MESSAGES FROM THE SENDING NEURON?

DENDRITE

What is the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse?

THRESHOLD

What are the chemicals that are released from the axon terminal, jump the synaptic gap, & deliver messages to other neurons?

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

What neurotransmitter is associated with muscles movement and a lack of it has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease?

Acetylcholine

What neurotransmitter is our body’s natural pain killers?

Endorphins

What neurotransmitter is involved in mood, appetite, and arousal, and low levels of this have been linked to depression?

Serotonin

Imbalances of what neurotransmitter has been linked to Schizophrenia & Parkinson’s Disease?

Dopamine

Name the 3 different types of neurons AND which type is responsible for carrying outgoing messages from the brain/spinal cord to muscles?

Interneurons Sensory Motor

What are the 2 parts of the central nervous system?

Brain, spinal cord

What are the 2 categories of the peripheral nervous system and what part controls your involuntary actions, such as controlling your organs, glands…?

Somatic NS Autonomic NS

Name the 2 categories of the autonomic nervous system AND which is responsible for calming you down after a stressful event?

Sympathetic & parasympathetic

What part of your nervous system prepares your for the fight or flight response?

Sympathetic (stressful event)

Teresa cannot lose weight no matter how much she diets and exercises. What part of her endocrine system should she get checked?

Thyroid gland

What emotional center in the brain in responsible for the 4 Fs (food, fighting, fear, “sex”)? (system)

Limbic System

Name the 3 parts of the Limbic System.

Hypothalamus Amygdala Hippocampus Cingulate Gyrus *pituitary gland

What part of the limbic system controls your HUNGER, drinking, temperature, desire for sex? (hint: it also controls your endocrine system)

Hypothalamus

David cannot seem to control his anger and rage toward his parents and they are afraid he will get violent. What part of his brain might they have checked?

Amygdala

This “little brain” is responsible for your coordination.

Cerebellum

Michelle was knocked unconscious while playing roller derby (whip it!). Ever since the game she has bee unable to form new memories. What part of her brain was likely affected?

Hippocampus

What part of the brain is responsible for directing all of our sensory information to the appropriate part of our brain?

Thalamus

Marc received a head injury during a football game when his helmet flew off. Ever since the game he has been unable to speak certain words. What area of his brain was likely damaged?

Broca’s area

Cesar was involved in a motorcycle accident and ever since he has had problems understanding what his parents, friends & teachers are saying. What area of his brain was most likely affected by the accident?

Wernicke’s Area Angular gyrus deals with understanding

words you read

This part of your brain consists of neural fibers that send messages back and forth to both hemispheres.

Corpus collosum

Mrs. Williams never wants damage to this part of the brain that controls your breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Medulla oblongata

Any area not dealing with our senses or muscle movements are called…

Association Areas

Name all 4 lobes of the brain. (there are really 8: 1 in each hemisphere)

Temporal, parietal, occipital, frontal

Rick has been having problems with his vision ever since his girlfriend attacked him with a soup ladle. What lobe was likely damaged?

Occipital lobe

Which lobe processes making plans, judgments, & decisions?

Frontal Lobe

If you touched a hot pan, where would that feeling be registered in your brain?

Somatosensory cortex

The ability for our brains to form new connections after the neurons are damaged is called…

Brain Plasticity