NEUROANATOMY(SPINAL CORD AND

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM)

DESWATY FURQONITA

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THE SPINAL CORD

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THE SPINAL CORD

The spinal cord attaches to the spinal nerves that

innervate the neck, limbs, and trunk.

It also acts as a reflex center and contains axon

tracts running to and from the brain.

It extends from the foramen magnum to the level

of the first or second lumbar vertebra.

The terminal end of the spinal cord is the conus

medullaris.

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THE SPINAL CORD

Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerve roots issue from

the spinal cord.

The most inferior bundle of roots resembles a

horse’s tail (cauda equina).

The spinal cord is enlarged in its cervical and

lumbar regions, reflecting the innervation of the

limbs.

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THE SPINAL CORD

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Spinal cord has 31

segment 31 pairs

of spinal nerve

THE SPINAL CORD

The white matter of the cord is divided into

dorsal, lateral, and ventral funiculi containing

ascending and descending fibers.

The H-shaped gray matter of the spinal cord has

two ventral horns containing motor neurons and

two dorsal horns containing interneurons.

The dorsal horns are subdivided into somatic and

visceral sensory regions; the ventral horns, into

visceral and somatic motor regions.

The roots of the spinal nerves—dorsal sensory

roots and ventral motor roots—are PNS

structures that attach to the spinal cord. 6

THE SPINAL CORD

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THE SPINAL CORD (PROTECTION OF

THE SPINAL CORD)

Three connective-tissue membranes, the

meninges, enclose and protect both the brain and

the spinal cord: the tough outer duramater, the

arachnoid, and the inner vascularized pia mater.

Cerebrospinal fluid both floats and cushions the

structures of the CNS.

It fills the subarachnoid space and the central

cavities of the brain and spinal cord.

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THE SPINAL CORD

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THE SPINAL CORD

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THE SPINAL CORD

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THE SPINAL CORD (ASCENDING TRACTS

AND DESECENDING TRACTS)

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ASCENDING TRACTS

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ASCENDING TRACTS

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ASCENDING TRACTS

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DESCENDING TRACTS

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DESCENDING TRACTS

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FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF

THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS

SYSTEM

PNS consists of:

12 pairs of cranial nerves

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Otonomic nervous system: sympathetic and

parasympathetic.

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THE CRANIAL NERVE

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N I. OLFACTORY NERVE

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N.II OPTIC NERVE

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N.III. OCCULOMOTOR NERVE

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N. IV. TROCHLEAR NERVE

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N.V. TRIGEMINAL NERVE

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N.VI. ABDUCENS NERVE

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N. VII. FACIAL NERVE

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N.VIII. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE

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N. IX. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE

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N.X. VAGUS NERVE

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N.XI. ACCESSORY NERVE

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N.XII. HYOGLOSSAL NERVE

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THE SPINAL NERVES

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THE SPINAL NERVES

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THE SPINAL NERVES

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THE SPINAL NERVES

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THE SPINAL NERVES

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THE SPINAL NERVES

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THE SPINAL NERVES

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THE SPINAL NERVES

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APPEARANCE OF HAND RESULTING OF

NERVE INJURY

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BRACHIAL PLEXUS

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THE

LUMBAR

PLEXUS

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THE SACRAL

PLEXUS

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DERMATOME

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OTONOMIC

NERVOUS

SYSTEM:

SYMPATHETIC

AND

PARASYMPATH

ETIC.

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