Nationalism & Imperialism

Unit V

Elizabeth TongFinch 5

NationalismNationalism-Strong Identification towards society and the state- The strongest states using nationalism is Britain- Other States that were Nationalists:-Austria, Prussia, Russia, and France-Conservative leaders of the major European powers were successful in quelling powerful nationalistic uprisings in Poland, Prussia, Italy, and Hungary-Irish Nationalism became increasingly important as the Irish wanted to abrogate the Act of Union of 1801-Each European power competed against each other to become the dominant industrial leader

ImperialismImperialism

-Imperialism, defined by The Dictionary of Human Geography, is "the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination.“- Imperialists has been described as expansionists and mercantilists-Empires that have been considered imperialists are the Ottoman Empire and the Roman Empire as well as the Persian Empire-Tension rose when the European countries began to fight and have tension when it came to expanding their territories

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-Nation-States describe the combination of a political state with the emotional response of a collective social identity- The nation is founded on a combination of mutual languages, religions, history, ethnicity, and goals for the future- Nation -States emerge from large empires- Nation- States develop an efficient central government that were capable of collecting taxes-Nation-States took an economic interest in the people- Mix of Capitalists and Mercantilists also independent merchants as well as state-controlled merchants-In the 1700’s the Nation-states were feared because of their military power as well as their economic powers-Nation-States include Portugal, Egypt, Poland etc.

The Nation-State

-Giuseppe Mazzini “The Heart”-Founded Young Italy in 1831

- Secret association promoting the unification and independence of Italy from other foreign control

-Expressed nationalistic, democratic, and humanistic views-Cultural views agreed with Cavour’s political organizationOtto Von Bismark - He was the prime minister of Prussia- He unified German states into a German nation Assisted by William I-”Blood and Iron” -The war and increase industrialization -Cavour “The Head”-Prime minister of Sardinia-Piedmont under King Emmanuel II-Created an alliance with Napoleon III (Enemies toward Austria)-Completed Mazzini’s cultural view- National movement was poised for political victory

ITALY & GERMANY

Cavour

Mazzini

Otto Von Bismark

Congo & Ethiopia-Menelik II-He was the King of Ethiopia-Italy attempted to conquer Ethiopia however Ethiopia remained independent because of the ability to defend themselves-They obtained weapons and had trained forces-Defeated Italy at the Battle of Adowa

-Leopold II-King Of Belgium- At the Berlin Conference, Leopold became the new ruler of the Congo-Harsh working conditions in the Congo-Cruel ruling of Slaves-Economic purposes included rubber and rich minerals

Leopold II Menelik II

China (1800-1914)-ZeXu Lin-He was the Imperial Commissioner for China-Triggered the Opium Wars-Attempted to confiscate and destroy the opium received from Britain-Also tried to stop trade with Britain

-Sun Yat-Sen-Sun called for a twofold anti-colonial revolution-Against the Manchus and then against the European, American and Japanese Powers

Sun Yat-Sen

Lin ZeXu

-Rebels named the Boxers by the Europeans were enraged by the foreign arrogance in China-They burned Christian missions, killed missionaries, and laid siege to the foreign legations for two months- Europeans did not take action for they wanted the Chinese government to take charge of their own country

Boxer Rebellion 1898-1900