European Nationalism & Imperialism1815-1914

Nationalism• Nationalism is the desire for political independence for

individuals possessing a similar identity and culture (food, dress, language, religion, art, history, etc…)

• Who was the individual most responsible for the spread of nationalism in Europe?

» Napoleon Bonaparte

• Who was most responsible for the spread of nationalism in the world?

» The European Imperialist Nations

• Also a major cause of THE GREAT WAR…

Affected European Countries• Belgium – 1815• France – 1848, 1852, 1870, 1875, 1914• Germany – 1848, 1862, 1866, 1870, 1871, 1888, 1890• Austria-Hungary – 1848, 1867, 1908, 1914• Italy – 1848, 1852, 1859, 1861, 1870, 1912• Great Britain – 1815, 1832, 1837, 1871, 1900, 1901• Russia – 1856, 1861, 1881, 1894, 1890, 1900, 1905• *Canada – 1763, 1837, 1838, 1840, 1867, 1870, 1896

BELGIUM• Achieved independence 1815

FRANCE• 1830 – Constitutional monarchy established• 1848 – The Second French Republic established • 1852 – Louis Napoleon becomes Emperor Napoleon III

(The 2nd Empire begins)• 1870 – Franco-Prussian War

• Alsace and Lorraine are lost to the Prussians• 2nd Empire ends

• 1875 – Constitution written• Third republic established • Prime Minister and 2 house Legislature

• 1894 – France and Russia become allies• 1907 – The Triple Entente is formed

• France, Britain, and Russia

GERMANY• 1848 – Frankfurt Assembly attempted a new constitution • 1862 – Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck ruled Prussia • 1866 – Austro-Prussian War, gained Schleswig & Holstein• 1870 – Franco-Prussian War, gained Alsace & Lorraine• 1871 – 2nd German Empire

• William I of Prussia crowned Kaiser• Bundesrat & Reichstag established

• 1888 – William II becomes Kaiser• 1890 – William II fires Bismarck & breaks treaty with Russia• 1907 - Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy become allies

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY• 1848 – Revolutionary forces demanded a constitution• 1867 – End of Austrian-Prussian War

• Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary created• 1907 – Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy become allies• 1908 – Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina• 1914 – Assassination of Arch Duke Franz-Ferdinand

ITALY• 1848 – Revolutionary forces fought for liberal ideas (failed)• 1852 – Piedmont

• Count Camillo di Cavour named Prime Minister• Piedmont becomes ally of France

• 1859 – Cavour provoked a war with Austrians • 1861 – Giuseppe Garibaldi & the Red Shirts united Italy

• Gave conquered areas to Piedmont• 1866 – Austro-Prussian War, Venetia is given to Italy• 1870 – Franco-Prussian War (Italy’s not involved)

• Italy completes unification• 1907 – Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy become allies• 1912 – Universal male suffrage granted

GREAT BRITAIN• 1815 – Britain governed by aristocratic landowners• 1832 – Middle class allowed to vote• 1837 – Queen Victoria becomes queen

• longest ruler in British History 1837-1901• 1871 – 2 Party Politics (Liberals and Conservatives)• 1900 – Labour Party emerged (3rd Political Party)• 1901 – Queen Victoria dies, ending Victorian Era• 1907 – The Triple Entente is formed

• France, Britain, and Russia

RUSSIA• 1856 – Russia lost the Crimean War• 1861 – Serfdom abolished in Russia• 1881 – Czar Alexander II assassinated, reforms end• 1890 – Russia rapidly industrializes • 1894 – Nicholas II becomes czar (absolute ruler) • 1900 – 4th largest producer of steel

• #1 =USA, #2 =Germany, #3 Great Britain, #4 Russia• 1905 – “Bloody Sunday” & The Russo-Japanese War • 1907 – The Triple Entente is formed

• France, Britain, and Russia

THE UNITED STATES

• To be discussed in depth during the next 3 years at UDA

CANADA• 1763 – Seven Year’s War ends

• All of Canada belongs to British now• 1837 – Ontario and Quebec rebel and argue for liberal rights• 1840 – Unification of Upper and Lower Canada

• One political unit• Canada feared takeover by the Americans

• 1867 – British North America Act• Canada is now its own nation• Foreign policy still controlled by Britain• 4 provinces (Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, & New Brunswick)

• 1871 – Manitoba and British Columbia join Canada• 1896 – French and British Canadians reconciled differences

• Canada becomes more important on the “world stage”

Latin America

Famous Latin Americans

Francois-Dominique Toussaint-Louverture – 1804

Father Miguel Hidalgo – 1810

Simon Bolivar – 1810

Jose de San Martin – 1817

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna – 1833

Benito Juarez – 1855

Porfirio Diaz -1877

Francois-Dominique Toussaint-Louverture• Slave in Hispaniola

• Led a slave revolt against the Spanish

• Defeated the Spanish

• 1st successful revolution in Latin America

• Free portion of Hispaniola became known as Haiti

History of the Haitian Independence Struggle 1791-1804

Father Miguel Hidalgo• Mexican Priest• Led a revolt of Mestizos and

Native Americans against the Spanish

• Unsuccessful• Hidalgo was captured and

killed• Sparked future attempts for

Mexican independence

Simon Bolivar

• Liberator of Venezuela

• Helped Jose de San Martin liberate Peru

Jose de San Martin• Citizen of Argentina

• Liberator of…– Argentina– Colombia– Ecuador– Chile– Peru

• Freed most of South America from Spanish Control

• Believed that the only way for South America to be free was to remove the Spanish from the continent

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

• Increased the territories of the US– Texas seceded from Mexico (1836)

– Cession of Mexican Territory (1848)

– Gadsden Purchase (1853)

Mexican Caudillo Ruled using military might Unsuccessful as a ruler

Benito Juarez• Mexican National hero

• Caudillo reformer

• Followed Santa Anna

• Brought liberals ideas to Mexico– Separation of Church & State– Land distribution to the poor– Educational system for all Mexicans

Porfirio Diaz

• Mexican dictator• Favored the ruling elite• Eventually forced from power• Began 10 years of revolution

The Mexican Revolution

• Made Mexico into the country it is today.• Before the revolution, Mexico was

powerful.

• More Information here…

• Information on the Mexican Revolution

Sources• Abzug, Robert H. Cosmos Crumbling: American Reform and the Religious Imagination. New York: Oxford, 1994. ISBN 0195037529. • Answers.com. 17 March 2006.Answers Corporation 1999-2006. 17 March, 2006.http://www.answers.com/• Barnes, Gilbert H. The Anti-Slavery Impulse 1830-1844. With an Introduction by William G. McLoughlin. New York: Harcourt, 1964. ISBN

0781253071. • Davis, David Brion. Ante-Bellum Reform. New York: Harper & Row, 1967. ISBN 006041555X. • Filler, Louis. The Crusade Against Slavery 1830-1860. New York: Harper, 1960. ISBN 0917256298. • Griffin, Clifford S. Their Brothers' Keepers: Moral Stewardship in the United States 1800-1865. New Brunswick: Rutgers, 1967. ISBN

0313240590. • Hammond, John L. The Politics of Benevolence: Revival Religion and American Voting Behavior. Norwood: Ablex, 1979. ISBN

0893910139. • Harrold, Stanley. The Abolitionists and the South, 1831-1861. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1995. ISBN 081310968X. • Harrold, Stanley. The American Abolitionists. Longman, 2000. ISBN 0582357381. • Harrold, Stanley. The Rise of Aggressive Abolitionism: Addresses to the Slaves. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2004. ISBN

0813122902. • Huston, James L. "The Experiential Basis of the Northern Antislavery Impulse." Journal of Southern History 56:4 (November 1990): 609-

640. • Lott, Eric. Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class. Oxford University Press, 1993. ISBN 019509641X. • Mintz, Steven. Moralists and Modernizers: America's Pre-Civil War Reformers. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1995. ISBN 0801850819. • Perry, Lewis and Michael Fellman, eds. Antislavery Reconsidered: New Perspectives on the Abolitionists. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State

Univ Press, 1979. ISBN 0807108898. • Speicher, Anna M. The Religious World of Antislavery Women: Spirituality in the Lives of Five Abolitionist Lecturers. Syracuse: Syracuse

Univ Press, 2000. ISBN 0815628501. • Thistlethwaite, Frank. Anglo-American Connection in the Early Nineteenth Century. New York: Russell & Russell, 1971. ISBN

0846215403.