Nationalism and Imperialism

In the 19th Century

A. Nationalism

• 1. Definition– a. Devotion to one’s national group– b. Does not always mean the COUNTRY you

come from

VS

B. Nation

• 1. Definition– a. A large aggregate of people united by

common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory.

• 2. Put it in your own words– a.___________________________________

C. Liberalism

• 1. Definition – a. a political orientation that favors social

progress by reform and by changing laws rather than by revolution

• 2. In your own words• a. People should be able to do whatever they want as

long as it does not hurt others

D. Factors

• 1. Most nations in Europe did not have their own countries– a. Wanted to be united based on their

similarities NOT land ownership– b. Similarities

• 1. Common Language• 2. Common Culture• 3. Similar background

1800

1900

February 25th, 2014• Do Now: What are the 6 parts of

Nationalism? Why are people going to be more devoted to their Nation – not necessarily their government?

SWBAT evaluate and analyze the need for nationalism in the uncertain times of the 19th century. They will study the countries of Italy, Austria, Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, Germany and Russia IOT see how nationalism and imperialism affected these countries as well as the countries in Africa, and South and Central America. Students will see how the events during this time period have set the world up for the events of World War I and many things that happen is our world today

E. Italy

• 1. Congress of Vienna– a. Spilt up Italy, some of it

falling under Austrian Rule

– b. European nationalist groups fought for their freedom from

their leadersSWBAT evaluate and analyze the need for nationalism in the uncertain times of the 19th century. They will study the countries of Italy, Austria, Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, Germany and Russia IOT see how nationalism and imperialism affected these countries as well as the countries in Africa, and South and Central America. Students will see how the events during this time period have set the world up for the events of World War I and many things that happen is our world today

E. Italy (cont’d)

• 2. Unification Movement– a. 2 Movements

• Young Italy• Italian Unification Movement

SWBAT evaluate and analyze the need for nationalism in the uncertain times of the 19th century. They will study the countries of Italy, Austria, Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, Germany and Russia IOT see how nationalism and imperialism affected these countries as well as the countries in Africa, and South and Central America. Students will see how the events during this time period have set the world up for the events of World War I and many things that happen is our world today

E. Italy (cont’d)• 2. Unification Movement

– b. 1848 Revolutions• 1. In Italy they were inspired by the French and British

who Revolted first• 2. Piedmont

– a. Italian city that was controlled by Austrian Rule after the Congress of Vienna

– b. Former king declares war on Austrian Rule – They do not win the war

» 1. Learned that they need to unify to win against their rulers!SWBAT evaluate and analyze the need for nationalism in the uncertain times of the 19th century. They will study the countries of Italy, Austria, Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, Germany and Russia IOT see how nationalism and imperialism affected these countries as well as the countries in Africa, and South and Central America. Students will see how the events during this time period have set the world up for the events of World War I and many things that happen is our world today

E. Italy

• 3. Red Shirts– a. Lead by the group Young Italy– b. Named after their uniforms– c. Formed the Kingdom of Italy

• All of the Southern States of Italy• Joined with the Northern States in 1870

SWBAT evaluate and analyze the need for nationalism in the uncertain times of the 19th century. They will study the countries of Italy, Austria, Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, Germany and Russia IOT see how nationalism and imperialism affected these countries as well as the countries in Africa, and South and Central America. Students will see how the events during this time period have set the world up for the events of World War I and many things that happen is our world today

E. Italy (cont’d)

• 4. Problems with the Catholic Church– a. Did not want ‘their’ people voting– b. Did not recognize the kingdom as a country– c. Did not agree with where the power lied

SWBAT evaluate and analyze the need for nationalism in the uncertain times of the 19th century. They will study the countries of Italy, Austria, Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, Germany and Russia IOT see how nationalism and imperialism affected these countries as well as the countries in Africa, and South and Central America. Students will see how the events during this time period have set the world up for the events of World War I and many things that happen is our world today

F. Germany

• 1. Confederation– a. 39 Separate States– b. Shared language and Culture

• 2. Zollverein - 1834– a. First step towards unification– b. Removed taxes of goods traded between

the 39 German States– c. Joined German states economically

F. Germany

• 3. Otto von Bismarck– a. 1862 – Prime Minister

of Prussia State– b. Lead the Unification

Movement– c. Realpolitik

• Base government on what really can be done not what you would like to happen

– d. Built up the Prussian Army to help with the Unification

F. Germany

• 4. Austro-Prussian War– a. 7 week war between

Austrian Kingdom and

Prussian Kingdom– b. Outcome – Joined the northern States

• 5. Franco–Prussian War– a. Over the territory of Alsace and Lorraine

located between France and Germany– b. Unified all of Germany

G. Austria-Hungary

• 1. Carlsbad– a. Created censorship in Austria– b. Keep power over their subjects

• 2. Dual Monarchy– a. Austrian leader Franz Joseph I signed a treaty

with Hungary after A-P war• 1. Compromise of 1867• 2. Joined together under Austrian King

– b. Problems• 1. Austrians believed they were above Hungarians

H. Ottoman Empire

• 1. Declining Empire– a. “Eastern Question” –

• 1. What will happen if this empire fell?

– b. Can it hurt the rest of the continent?

• 2. Young Turks– a. Group of teens who wanted Turkey to be its

own country– b. End the empire

I. Russia

• 1. Development– a. Size– b. Temperature

• 2. Alexander II– a. Feudal System

• 1. Serfs

• 3. Alexander III– a. Cancelled all reforms– b. Began building the Trans-Siberian Railroad

• 4. Trans-Siberian Railroad– a. Built from 1890 – 1916– b. Allowed for the transportation of goods, people and objects – c. Connected the countries as a whole

Nationalism in EuropeRegion Positive Effects Negative Effects

ITALY 1. States freed from Austria2. States unified as kingdom

1. Ethnic conflicts continued2. Catholic Church refused to

recognize Italy as a nation

AUSTRIAN EMPIRE

1. Dual Monarchy gave Austria and Hungary equal status

2. Laws passed to end ethnic discrimination

1. Ethnic conflicts continued 2. Anti-discrimination laws were

ineffective

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

1. Many territories gained independence

1. Series of wars destroyed population and resources

GERMANY 1. Unified country2. Federalist government

developed with power shared between state and national gov

3. Economy improved

1. Conflict between Catholic Church and gov

2. Formed European alliances that would ultimately lead to war

RUSSIA 1. Nicholas II passed democratic reforms

2. New constitution promised individual liberties

1. Protesters killed in Bloody Sunday attack

2. Pogrom of Jews claimed 150,000 lives

J. Imperialism

• 1. Definition– A policy of extending a country's

power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

– In your own words: The idea that one country takes over another based on racism or because they are more advanced or Social Darwinism

• 2. Economics– Raw materials from colonies– Control of sources

• Indonesian rubber• Germany developed synthetic dyes

K. Imperialism in Africa

• 1. Berlin Conferences - 1884– a. Meeting in Berlin,

Germany– b. European Nations

came together to

stake their claims

on African land

based on raw materials

K. Imperialism in Africa• 2. Boer

– a. People from the Netherlands who settled in Southern Africa to farm

– b. War – 1889 • 1. Between the British

Invaders from the North and those that lived there

• 2. British Won and took control of the land

• 3. British Control in South– a. Zulu people– b. Shaka– c. 1879

L. Imperialism in India• 1. British East India

Company – 1800– a. Began as a trade

organization between England, East Asia and India

– b. Decline of the Mughal Empire

– c. Introduced new language, education and WEAPONS

– d. Banned traditional beliefs

– e. Called British “Raj”

L. Imperialism in India• 2. Sepoy Mutiny

(Northern India)– a. New weapons used

pork and beef fat in them

– b. Sepoy people rebelled against their controllers

– c. British won and took complete control of the area

– d. “Jewel in Crown”

M. The Power of Empire

• Political system in the colonies?

• Lifestyle changes in the colonies?

• Moral issues– Slavery

The Power of Empire

• Slavery– British Empire versus Brazil (1850-1851)

• Blockage of Brazilian ports

– British Empire versus Zanzibar (1873)• Threatened destruction of capital

• Did Britain have the right to enforce their opinion of moral values?

• What about American involvement in Iraq?