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Name: _____________________________________________Review Packet for World History II MidtermDUE: Monday January 25th 100 points
RELIGIONS
1. Which of the 5 major religions are considered polytheistic? Hinduism
2. The Vedas is a holy book of which religion?
Hinduism
3. Which religion is associated with the Torah? Judaism
4. Which religion is associated with the Koran? Islam
5. What is the Eightfold Path and which religion practices it?
Buddhism
6. The belief in one god is known as?
Monotheism
7. Name the prophet or founder of each of the following religions: Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Which religion doesn’t have a founder?
Buddhism- Siddhartha Gautama Hinduism- No Founder Judaism- Abraham Christianity- Jesus Islam- Muhammad
8. What is the country of origin of each of the five major religions? Buddhism- India- taken to China by Asoka Hinduism- India Judaism- Middle East Christianity- Middle East Islam – Northern Africa/Middle East/Mecca and Medinah
9. What religion’s sects are Shia and Sunni Muslims? Islam
10. A person who follows the Five Pillars is a follower of what religion? Islam
RENAISSANCE
11. Who best represented the humanist philosophy of the Renaissance and wrote The Praise of Folly?
Erasmus
12. Describe humanists. A person who studies poetry, philosophy, history and about human behaviors
13. What does the word Renaissance mean?
Rebirth of art and learning
14. Where did the Renaissance begin? Italy
15. The humanist movement studied what TWO ancient cultures?
Greece and Rome
16. What invention helped spread the ideas of the Renaissance and Reformation? Printing Press
17. What artist is associated with David and the Sistine Chapel? Michelangelo
18. Which artist is associated with the Mona Lisa? Leo Da Vinci
19. What English Renaissance figure made several accomplishments in the field of literature, including many great sonnets, plays and essays?
Shakespeare
20. Invention of the modern, movable-type printing press is attributed to (who invented it?): Guttenberg
REFORMATION
21. Who declared himself the head of the English Church? King Henry
22. What Queen made Anglicanism the official Church of England? Queen Elizabeth
23. Who was the important Catholic Reformer who founded the Jesuit order? Ignatius of Loyola
24. What was the main reason for Henry VIII's split with the Roman Catholic Church? his desire for a male heir/divorce
25. Which of the following was a major reason for the Reformation? European merchants resented paying taxes to the Church in Rome and corruption within
the catholic church
26. The Thirty Years’ War began as a conflict between what two religions? Protestants and Catholics
27. Martin Luther protested the practice of selling indulgences. What was that practice?
The clergy sold pardons that released people from performing penalties for their sins.
28. Describe Martin Luther’s beliefs. Salvation by faith alone Bible is the ultimate authority All humans are equal before god
29. Describe John Calvin’s beliefs. Predestination Faith by living a righteous life Strict work ethic
30. What were the 95 Theses? 95 criticism about the catholic church written by Martin Luther
EMPIRES31. This empire created foreign enclaves to help better control trade. Although trade was allowed, the emperor was able to control all aspects of trade and foreign policy. This empire traded tea and porcelain. What empire was it?
China
32. Where is the Ottoman Empire located?
North Africa, Middle Eat- Around the Mediterranean Sea
33. The Ottoman Empire is affiliated with what religion?
Islam
34. What modern-day city in Turkey became the capital of the Ottoman Empire? Istanbul
35. Two most important trade items for the Ottoman Empire are Coffee and Ceramics
36. Descendants of the Mongols, the Muslim Mughal (Mogul) rulers established an empire in the northern part of this country:
India
37. Why was the Taj Mahal was built?
As a memorial for Shah Jahan’s wife
38. Out of the following, which social class made up the lowest class in Japanese society: daimyos, shoguns, peasants, merchants? Use page _______ in your book
Merchants- Important b/c in most other societies merchants were towards the top of the social class
TRADE AND EXPLORATION
39. Who captained the first European ship to sail around the tip of Africa and get to India?
Da Gama
40. What type of policy did Japan institute to control foreign ideas? Isolationism
41. Where is the Songhai Empire located? Northwest portion of Africa
42. What were Europeans' main motives for making voyages of exploration? to grow wealthy and spread Christianity 3 Gs
43. What were China's reasons for rejecting British offers of trade? China believed it was self-sufficient and didn't need outside goods
44. How did Prince Henry of Portugal influence exploration? He founded a navigational school on the coast of Portugal.
45. What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas signed by Portugal and Spain? to decrease conflict over the claiming of new lands
AGE OF DISCOVERY
46. In the 15th century, Europeans began to setup trading posts in India in order to become involved in the trade of what good?
Spices
47. The Indian textiles industry heavily influenced which European country? Britain
48. What European countries competed for the Indian Ocean trade by establishing coastal ports on the Indian subcontinent?
Britain, Portugal, The Netherlands (Dutch)
49. What were the reasons for European expansion during the Age of Discovery?
Demand for gold and spices, wanting to spread of Christianity, Innovations in navigation
50. Which explorer devastated the Aztec Empire? Cortez
51. Which explorer conquered the Inca Empire? Pizzaro
52. What were the reasons for European control of Africa? A source of slaves to send to the Americas a trading post for gold and other products the establishment of port cities along the coast to enable European ships to re-supply
53. What disease killed many Native Americans (Indians) when Europeans came to the Americas?
Small Pox
54. What do we call the exchange of goods such as potatoes, corn, and tobacco between Europe and the Americas?
Columbian Exchange
55. Describe the plantation systems used by European settlers in the New World. How did they affect the people, the economies, and the land?
Slaves were used for labor plantations hurt the environment plantations destroyed the indigenous (native) economies
56. What was the major African export in triangular trade? Slaves
57. Who led the first expedition to circumvent (sail all the way around) the world?
Magellan
58. What is the "middle passage"? The middle leg of the trip for slaves coming to the Americas
59. What is Mercantilism? idea that a nation’s power is related to its wealth they export more than they import
ABSOLUTISM and ENGLISH DEMOCRACY
60. What is divine right? What did it justify? Ruler or King was “selected” by god
Used to justify the rule of absolute monarchs
61. What did Cardinal Richelieu help establish in France? French Monarchy
62. What did the Edict of Nantes do? Freedom of Religion
63. Who was the Sun King and why was he significant? Louis XIV- absolute monarch of France
64. What political purpose did the splendid palace at Versailles serve? To show the power of Louis XIV and exemplify absolute monarchy
65. What ruler wanted to westernize Russia? Peter the Great
66. What is the significance of the English Civil War, the Restoration and The Glorious Revolution? Be able to put them in chronological order.
The English Civil War – the Restoration – the Glorious Revolution Restoration- restored the monarchy in England
Glorious Revolution- Bloodless revolution that brought William and Mary to power in England
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION and ENLIGHTENMENT
67. The heliocentric theory of the universe is credited to? Copernicus
68. Galileo was forced to recant (take back) many of his ideas by the? Catholic Church
69. What did Baron de Montesquieu believe about government power?
Was best divided among separate branches
70. Thomas Jefferson based much of the Declaration of Independence on the ideas of what Enlightenment thinker?
John Locke Civil Liberties- life, liberty and property ( pursuit of happiness) If your government is unfair you have the right to overthrow it
71. Thomas Hobbes argued that the best form of government was? Absolute Monarch
72. What is Isaac Newton known for explaining? Gravity
73. How did the Scientific Revolution influence the American Revolution? Questioning assumptions led to challenging ideas about government
74. In what places did Enlightenment ideas fuel or start revolutions? America, France, Latin America
75. While novels became popular during The Enlightenment, who wrote Don Quixote, considered the first novel, in 1605?
Miguel Cervantes
REVOLUTIONS AND NATIONALISM
76. Name the primary cause of the French Revolution in 1789.
Increasing dissatisfaction of the Third Estate
77. What group imposed the Reign of Terror? the Committee of Public Safety under the authority of Robespierre
78. What was one of the biggest and most significant changes Napoleon made while he was Emperor?
Codification of Law Napoleonic Code
79. What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna?
to establish a balance of power in Europe Restore monarchies ( Act of Legitimacy) New Political Philosophies
o Conservative- want monarchso Liberals- want democracy
80. Who was the most influential leader at the Congress of Vienna? Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria
81. What was one important effect resulting from the political changes made at the Congress of Vienna?
Nationalistic feelings grew in countries placed under foreign rule.
82. Who led a revolt of enslaved Africans in Saint Domingue? Toussaint L’Ouverture
83. The independence movement in Latin America was spearheaded in large part by what social group? Who was Simon Bolivar?
the creoles freed Venezuela
UNIFICATION OF GERMANY AND ITALY
84. Who unified Northern Italy? Count Cavour
85. Who unified Southern Italy? Giuseppe Garibaldi
86. What were the last states to join a unified Italy? Papal States
87. Who unified Germany? Otto Van Bismarck
88. The leader of Germany unified the country by using this tactic, meaning he justified all means to achieve and hold power. What do we call this tactic?
Realpolitik
89. What war created by a German leader to help spark nationalistic ideas in Southern Germany, eventually helped to unify Germany?
Franco- Prussian War
90. What is Nationalism? Wanting a united, independent country
Industrialization
91. What was the Agricultural Revolution?
A time period where farming increased to support the growing population Important Inventions: Seed Drill, Enclosures, Crop Rotation
92. Describe the Enclosure Movement
A time period when land was fenced off Caused many poorer people to move to the cities, b/c they could no longer afford land
93. How did the Seed Drill help increase food production?
It made the planting of seeds faster and more efficient
94. What is Industrialization?
A time period ( 1700-1900) when machine made goods increased Started in Britain
95. Where did it begin and why? 3 reasons
Britain Britain had coal, water, iron-ore and a stable government
96. What industry was first to become “industrialized?
Textiles
97. What are textiles?
Goods made from cloth
98. What did the following men invent and why were these inventions important?
James Watt- Steam Engine
Eli Whitney- Cotton Gin
Henry Bessemer- Process for making Steel
Edward Jenner- Small Pox Vaccine
Louis Pasteur- Studied Bacteria
99. List 3 positive impacts industrialization had on the world…. List 3 negative impacts
Positives- more education, better transportation, more jobs, cheaper and faster products Negatives- more pollution, bad working conditions, child labor, cramped cities
100. What were working conditions like in factories?
Bad- long hours, little pay, dangerous conditions
101. What impact did industrialization have on slavery?
Caused slavery to increase Needed lots of cotton to support the textiles industry
102. What are labor unions? Why did they start?
Organizations started to help workers get better wages and working conditions They started because workers were being treated unfairly by their employers
103. What is Collective Bargaining? Why is it used?
Negotiations ( talks) between the Unions and employers It was used to try to get workers better conditions. It typically happened before a strike
104. What is a strike?
Refusal to work typically until your demands are met by your boss
105. What are Cottage Industries? What happened to them after Industrialization?
When products are made by hand. They were replaced with factories
106. How were children treated during industrialization?
Badly- long hours, tough working conditions
Economic Systems
107. What is Capitalism?
An economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business to make a profit .
108. Who was Adam Smith?
Wrote The Wealth of Nations
109. What was the purpose of Adam Smith’s Wealth’s of Nations?
To defend the idea of free market
110. What did capitalists want?
To make a profit
111. What is communism? Why did it start? What’s the main goal?
An economic system in which all means of production- land, mines and factories are owned by the people, private property does not exist and all goods and services are shared equally .
Started b/ c poor people were angry it was so hard to move up in a capitalistic society Share everything
112. Who was Karl Marx? What did he write?
Wrote Communist Manifesto
113. How did Capitalism and Communism differ?
Communism social classes do not exist Capitalism has social classes
114. What is socialism?
A less strict form of communism
Imperialsim
115. What is imperialism?
Stronger country taking over a weaker country in an attempt to control them politically, socially and economically
116. Describe the Boxer Rebellion
Resistance movement against European Imperialists in China
117. Describe the Sepoy Rebellion
Resistance movement against European Imperialists in India Started b/c the British were coating bullets with pork or beef fat
118. Why did Imperialism begin?
Europeans needed raw materials
119. Why did European nations want Africa and Asia?
Easier to take over and had natural resources
120. What impact did imperialism have on Africa and Asia
They lost their independence and will spend years trying to gain their freedom
121. Map- locate the following places on a map; England, France, Spain, Russia, Ottoman Empire,
China, Mughal Empire, Songhai Empire, Japan, Incan Empire, Mayan Empire, Aztec Empire ,
Germany, Italy, Portugal, India , Haiti, South America, Mexico
Key