Name: __________________________________

World Religions Layered Project

For this topic, your grade will be a combination of mini-projects. You must complete the required assignments listed below and each day you will be responsible for completing specific parts. When you are done completing work for the day, you will see something that says ‘STOP HERE.’ Do not move on to the next day’s assignment when you complete that day’s work.

YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR GETTING ALL WORK COMPLETED BY THE END OF CLASS ON Tuesday, December 11th. Late work will not be accepted. This project counts as SIX formative assessment grades.

FOUNDATIONS: Assignments Possible

Earned

1.   Prophet Chronology (Timeline) **Complete on December 6th 100

2.  The Three Monotheistic Religions Chart **Complete on December 6th 100

3. Comparing 5 Pillars to the 10 Commandments **Complete on December 8th 100

4. Islam Around the World **Complete on December 8th 100

5. Hinduism **Complete on December 11th 100

6. Buddhism and Confucianism Introduction **Complete on December 11th 100

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Section #1 Prophet Chronology— Visual (100 points)Abraham (originally known as Abram) 3rd century B.C.E (Hebrew: ַאְבָרָהם, Modern Avraham Tiberian ʼAḇrāhām, Arabic: Ibrāhīm, ʼAbrəham, Greek: Aβραάμ) is the founding patriarch of the Israelites, Ishmaelites, Edomites, and the ,إبراهيمMidianites and kindred peoples, according to the book of Genesis. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are sometimes referred to as the "Abrahamic religions" because of the progenitor role that Abraham plays in their holy books. In both the Jewish tradition and the Qur'an, he is referred to as "our Father".[1] Jews, Christians, and Muslims consider him father of the people of Israel. For Jews and Christians this is through his son Isaac,[2] by his wife Sarah; for Muslims, he is a prophet of Islam and the ancestor of Muhammad through his first son Ishmael, born to him by Sarah's handmaiden.

Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullāh (pronounced [mʊˈħæmmæd]; also spelled Muhammed or Mohammed)[n 2][n 3] (C.E. 570/571 – June 8, 632), was the founder of the religion of present day Islam,[3] and is regarded by Muslims as a messenger and prophet of God (Arabic: الله Allāh), the last law-bearer in a series of Islamic prophets, and, by most Muslims,[n 4] the last prophet as taught by the Qur'an 33:40–40. Muslims thus consider him the restorer of an uncorrupted original monotheistic faith (islām) of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and other prophets.[4][5][6] He was also active as a diplomat, merchant, philosopher, orator, legislator, reformer, military general, and, according to Muslim belief, an agent of divine action.[7]

Siddhārtha Gautama (Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual teacher from ancient India who founded Buddhism.[1] In most Buddhist traditions, he is regarded as the Supreme Buddha (P. sammāsambuddha, S. samyaksaṃbuddha) of our age, "Buddha" meaning "awakened one" or "the enlightened one." [note 1] The time of his birth and death are uncertain: most early 20th-century historians dated his lifetime around C.E. 200.

Jesus of Nazareth (C.E. 5 BC/BCE – C.E. 30 AD/CE),[3] also known as Jesus Christ or simply Jesus, is the central figure of Christianity. Christians view him as the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament and as the Son of God,[6] who provided salvation and reconciliation with God to humankind by dying for their sins, then raising himself from the dead.[7][8]

DIRECTIONS:1. Place the above names in order from earliest to most recent.

a. b. c. d.

2. Create a chronological timeline and list each prophet’s name and religion(s) associated with him.

3. Develop a catchy mnemonic to remember the prophets from first to last.

____________________ _____________________ ___________________ ______________

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The Three Monotheistic Religions Compare/Contrast –

100 PointsDIRECTIONS: 1.) Read the articles,

2.) Answer the following questions in complete sentences, 3.) Complete the Religion comparison chart

Judaism Background InformationJudaism is one of the oldest religions still existing today. It began as the religion of the small nation of the Hebrews (present day Israel), and through thousands of years of suffering, persecution, dispersion, and occasional victory, has continued to be a profoundly influential religion and culture.

Today, 14 million people identify themselves as Jews, and nearly 3.5 billion others follow belief systems directly influenced by Judaism (including Christianity, Islam, and the Bah'ai Faith). Modern Judaism is a complex phenomenon that incorporates both a nation (present day Israel) and a religion, and often combines strict adherence to ritual laws with a more liberal attitude towards religious belief.

The central religious belief of Judaism is that there is only one God. Monotheism was uncommon at the time Judaism was born, but according to Jewish tradition, God himself revealed it to Abraham, the ancestor of the Jewish people. Beginning with Abraham, God has always taken special care of the Hebrews (who would later become the Jews). After rescuing them from slavery in Egypt, God revealed the Ten Commandments to Moses, and many more religious and ethical guidelines in the Torah ("the Law"). Many of the guidelines (mitzvah) emphasized ritual purity and the importance of remaining set apart from the surrounding polytheistic1 cultures.

Divisions within Judaism, known as "movements," have developed in modern times as varying responses to secularism2 and modernity. Orthodox Judaism is the most conservative group, retaining nearly all traditional rituals and practices. At the opposite end of the spectrum, Reform Jews retain their Jewish identity and some traditions but take a liberal approach to many Jewish beliefs and practices. Conservative Judaism lies in the middle of the spectrum, taking a moderate approach in its application of Judaism to the modern world.

Jews of all movement celebrate many special days throughout the year and throughout each person's life. Major religious holidays include Passover, Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Hanukkah, historically a minor holiday, has become more prominent in the last century for Jews who live in areas that celebrate Christmas. The Sabbath, a day of rest and worship at the synagogue, is observed each Saturday. In Judaism, all days begin at sunset, so all holidays begin at sundown and end at sundown.

To recognize the role of God and the Jewish community in each person's life, numerous life cycle events are observed with traditional rituals. At the first Sabbath after the birth of a child, the 1 Worshipping many Gods2 Not concerned with religion: not controlled by a religious body or concerned with religious or spiritual matters

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Section 2

proud father is called forward in the synagogue to recite blessings for mother and child. Eight days after birth, baby boys are circumcised3.

At the age of 13 (12 for girls), a boy becomes a Bar Mitzvah, or "Son of the Commandment" and a girl becomes a Bat Mitzvah, "Daughter of the Commandment." The occasion is marked by the youth's first public reading of the Torah in the synagogue (only boys may do this in Orthodox congregations), followed by a large and joyous celebration.

Jewish wedding ceremonies incorporate many ancient traditions and symbolic gestures (including the well-known breaking of glass), and divorces are obtained within the Jewish community. At death, a Jewish person's body is cared for by the chevra kiddisha, the "holy society," who wash the body and prepare it for burial. The deceased is treated with great respect and never left alone. After burial, the deceased's loved ones enter a formal period of mourning, which decreased gradually over the course of a year. The dead is then remembered and honored each year on the anniversary of death.

In addition to these special days and ceremonies, the Jewish life is marked by regular religious observance. Each Saturday, Sabbath is observed by ceasing work and spending the day in worship at the synagogue and at home with family. The study of Torah and other Jewish scriptures is considered very important, and many Jewish children attend Hebrew school so they can study it in its original language. In everyday life, traditional Jews observe the laws of kashrut, eating only foods that God has designated "kosher." Among non-kosher, or prohibited, foods are pork, any meat that has not been ritually slaughtered, shellfish, and any meal that combines dairy with meat.

1. What is the Torah?

2. What is a Bar Mitzvah?

3. What form of Judaism is considered most conservative?

4. Do people practicing the Jewish religion eat pork? Why or why not?

3 Cutting away of all or part of the foreskin (prepuce) of the penis. The practice is known in many cultures. It is performed either shortly after birth (e.g., among Muslims and Jews), within a few years of birth, or at puberty. For Jews it represents the fulfillment of the covenant between God and Abraham (Genesis 17:10 – 14).

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Christianity Background InformationWith nearly two billion professed adherents4 worldwide, Christianity is currently the largest religion in the world. It has dominated western culture for centuries and remains the majority religion of Europe, the Americas, and Sub-Saharan Africa (why isn’t it practiced in North Africa?).

Through cultural diffusion Christianity spread from Europe to the Americas during the Age of Exploration and to Eastern, Western, Central and Southern Africa during colonialism/imperialism. Christianity did not spread to northern Africa because Islam had already dominated that region since it spread there earlier from the Middle East.

Christian belief centers on the life of Jesus of Nazareth, a teacher and healer of first-century Palestine. The primary source of information about the life of Jesus is the set of "Gospels," which were written between 30 and 100 years after Jesus' death and later became the first four books of the New Testament. The Gospels describe a three-year teaching and healing ministry during which Jesus attracted 12 close disciples and other followers who believed him to be the Messiah. This is the basis of the title "Christ," which comes from the Greek word for "Messiah."

Christians believe Jesus rose from the dead three days later, and in so doing made it possible for those who believe to be forgiven of sin and attain eternal life. Much of Christian belief and practice centers on the resurrection of Christ. The most distinctive belief of mainstream Christianity is the doctrine of the Trinity, which views the one God as consisting of three Persons: the Father, the Son (Christ) and the Holy Spirit.

The sacred text of Christianity is the Bible, which consists of the Old Testament (the Jewish Bible) and the New Testament. The New Testament contains 27 books: four gospels (narratives of Jesus' life), one account of the apostles' ministry after Jesus' death, letters from church leaders (the earliest of which predate the Gospels), and an apocalyptic work.

Nearly all Christians regard the Bible as divinely inspired and authoritative, but views differ as to the nature and extent of its authority. Some hold it to be completely without error in all matters it addresses, while others stress its accuracy only in religious matters and allow for errors or limitations in other areas due to its human authorship.

Christianity has divided into three major branches. Roman Catholicism represents the continuation of the historical organized church as it developed over the centuries, and is headed by the Pope. Distinctive beliefs of Catholics include the doctrines of Transubstantiation5 and Purgatory, and distinctive practices include devotion to the saints and Mary and use of the rosary.

4 a supporter of a cause or of a leader5 In Roman Catholic theology, transubstantiation (in Latin, transsubstantiatio, in Greek μετουσίωσις metousiosis) means the change of the substance of host bread and sacramental wine into the substance of the Body and Blood (respectively) of Jesus in the Eucharist, while all that is accessible to the senses (accidents) remains as before

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Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism separated in 1054 AD, when the Patriarch of Constantinople and the Pope excommunicated each other. Eastern Orthodoxy (which includes the Greek and Russian Orthodox Churches and several others) differs from Catholicism in its refusal of allegiance to the Pope, its emphasis on the use of icons in worship, and the date it celebrates Easter. Other cultural, political, and religious differences exist as well.

Protestantism arose in the 16th century during the Reformation. Protestants do not acknowledge the authority of the Pope, reject many traditions and beliefs of the Catholic Church, and emphasize the importance of reading the Bible and the doctrine of salvation by faith alone. Protestantism encompasses numerous denominational groups, including Lutherans, Baptists, Methodists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Pentecostals and Evangelicals.

Christian practices vary by denomination, but common elements include a Sunday worship service, private and corporate prayer, study and reading of the Scriptures, and participation in the rites of baptism and communion.

The most important Christian holiday is Easter, a spring holiday that celebrates Christ's resurrection from the dead. Easter is immediately preceded by Holy Week, which includes Palm Sunday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday. The 40 days prior to Easter form the Lenten season, a time of fasting and repentance. Another holiday that came to be important is Christmas, which commemorates the birth of Jesus on December 25. Saints' days are also important. Some of these, such as St. Patrick's Day and St. Valentine's Day, have come to play a prominent role in popular American culture.

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1. Christianity is most prominent in what three regions of the world?

1.2.3.

2. Circle and label the regions of the world that you have identified as having predominantly Christian populations.

2. What is the name of Christianity’s holy text?

3. What 3 branches did Christianity divide into?

Islam Background Information

Islam is the second-largest religion in the world, with over 1 billion followers. It is a monotheistic faith founded by a man named Muhammad in 7th-century Saudi Arabia.

According to Muslim belief, the angel Gabriel appeared to Muhammad, a camel driver, in a mountain cave and delivered a message from the one true God. The Prophet Muhammad dedicated the remainder of his life to spreading a message of monotheism in a polytheistic world. His life's work is recorded in the Qur'an, the sacred text of Islam.

In 622 AD, the Prophet fled north to the city of Medina to escape growing persecution. This event is celebrated by Muslims as the hijira ("flight") and marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar (622 AD = 1 AH). Eight years later, Muhammad returned to Mecca with an army and defeated it easily. By Muhammad's death, 50 years later, the entire Arabian Peninsula had come under Muslim control.

The word "Islam" means "submission," reflecting the religion's central tenet of submitting to the will of God. Islamic practices center on the Five Pillars of Islam: confession of faith, daily prayer, fasting during Ramadan, pilgrimage and charity. Muslims do not eat pork and practice the Shahadah and Hajj (you will learn more about this in the next section).

The sacred text of Islam, the Qur'an, was written in Arabic within 30 years of Muhammad's death. Muslims, believe it contains the literal word of Allah, their name for God as gradually revealed to Muhammad by the Angel Gabriel over the course of 20 years. Also important is the tradition of the sayings and actions of the Prophet and his Companions, collected in the hadith.

Muslims worship Allah in a mosque. A caliph, also known as an Imam is the highest ranking religious leader of the religion. The Caliph in Islam is equivalent to the Pope in Catholicism.

Islam and the West have had a rocky relationship for centuries, and in recent years the tension has only seemed to escalate. The ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine is religiously charged, Western involvement in Middle Eastern affairs is resented, and various hijackers, suicide bombers and terrorists base their actions on their Muslim faith.

Many Muslims, however, have denounced this radical minority as violating both true Islam and the true meaning of jihad, and Islam continues to be the fastest-growing religion in the world. Islam already dominates the Middle East, North Africa region, and has a 88% of the Indonesian population practicing the religion in Southeast Asia.

**Islam questions are under the comparative chart. For the comparative chart, anything not found in the readings should be answered by researching the information on your laptop.

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INFORMATION: Judaism Christianity IslamFounder

List any restricted foods

Holy Scripture/ Text

Holy Days and major Holidays

Place of Worship

Leaders of Religion

Coming of Age Ceremonies, if any

Are they Monotheistic or Polytheistic?

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1. What is the Muslim place of worship called?

2. What is the holy text of Islam called?

3. Do Muslims eat pork?

4. Do Muslims practice the Shahadah and Hajj?

5. On the map to the left, color code and label the regions of the world that practice Christianity and Islam. **Red = Christianity; Blue = Islam

Comparing the 5 Pillars of Islam to the 10 Commandments –100 Points

DIRECTIONS: 1.) Read the articles, 2.) Answer the questions in complete sentences, 3.) Create a visual---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

THE FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH: IslamThe word Islam means “peace through submission to God.” Muslim practice is defined by the Qur’an (holy scripture) and the Sunnah, or example set by Prophet Muhammad and transmitted through the Hadith (recorded words and deeds). Islam is a universal religion, meaning that anyone may accept its beliefs and become a Muslim, or follower of Islam. To fulfill the identity of a Muslim, a person must carry out certain acts, and live a moral, God-fearing life. These basic acts required of a Muslim are called the Five Pillars. Accepting Islam requires only that a person state the basic creed, “There is no god but God” and “Muhammad is the messenger of God.” That is the first of the five basic acts or duties. The Five Pillars of Islam are: (1) shahadah -- to state belief in One God and the prophethood of Muhammad, (2) salah -- to pray five obligatory prayers each day, (3) siyam -- to fast from dawn to sunset during the month of Ramadan each year, (4) zakat – to pay obligatory charity each year, (5) hajj -- to make the pilgrimage to Makkah once in a lifetime. The following sections describe the pillars in detail. 1. Shahadah (the Islamic Creed) The declaration of faith in Islam is a simple statement that begins Ashud anna,” (“I witness that”), and continues with the statement La illaha illa Allah (“There is no god but God”), and ends with the affirmation of Muhammad rasul Allah (“and Muhammad is the messenger of God”). The first part defines the role of the Muslim, a continuous striving throughout life. This striving reaches into all aspects of personality and activity toward the self, the family and the community, to the entire community of humankind and the natural environment. The second part affirms the existence of one God by negating the existence of any other creature that people might worship, or any partner with God. It underlines the Muslim’s direct relationship with God as a witness and as a servant of God. No central authority nor privileged persons stand between God and the individual. The third part of the creed witnesses that God sent prophets to humankind, as stated in the scriptures revealed before the Qur’an. Then, it affirms that Muhammad was a prophet, or messenger who received revelation (the Qur’an) and guidance from God. 2. Salah (Muslims’ Daily Prayer) is the five daily prayers that are the duty of every Muslim. Muslims perform the recitations and physical movements of salah as taught by their prophet Muhammad, according to Islamic sources. window of time. (1) between dawn and sunrise, (2) noon to mid-afternoon, (3) between mid- afternoon and just before sunset, (4) at sunset, and (5) after twilight until nighttime. Prayer time is determined by the sun’s position, which Muslims today calculate by clock time, using charts that change with the longer and shorter days of each season. Before praying, Muslims perform a brief ritual washing. This purification prepares the worshipper for entering the state of prayer, of standing before God. It is a symbol of the cleansing effect of prayer. No matter what language they speak, all Muslims pray in the Arabic language. In the salah, Muslims recite specific words and selected verses from the Qur’an while standing, bowing, kneeling with the hands and forehead touching the ground, and sitting. Each cycle of movements is one rak’at, or unit of prayer, and each of the five prayers has between two and four units.

Masjid (aka MOSQUE) is the Arabic name for an Islamic house of worship. The common English term mosque is a French version of the Spanish word mezquita. The masjid is named after the position of prayer called sujud, which means kneeling with the hands and forehead touching the ground. The masjid is a simple, enclosed space oriented towards the

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SECTION 3

city of Makkah (on the Arabian Peninsula ) where Islam’s holiest place—the Ka’bah –--is located. There is no furniture except mats or rugs, and Muslims stand shoulder to shoulder in rows, following the movements of the prayer leader all together. Because of these movements and the closeness of the worshippers, women pray together in rows behind the men. 3. Sawm (Fasting) During one month each year, Muslims fast, meaning that they do not eat or drink anything between dawn and sunset. Fasting is a duty for adults, but many children participate voluntarily, for at least part of the day, or only a few days. The fast begins with sahoor (a pre-dawn meal). While fasting, Muslims perform the dawn, noon and afternoon prayers, and go about their normal duties. At sunset, Muslims break their fast with a few dates and water, then pray, then eat iftar (a meal that breaks the fast). Iftar is usually eaten with family and friends, or at the masjid, which hosts meals donated by community members for all. After the evening prayer, many Muslims go to the masjid for congregational prayers that feature a reading of one thirtieth of the Qur’an each night. They complete the whole Qur’an by the end of the month. Each individual experiences hunger and its discomforts, but in a few days, the body gets used to it. Muslims are supposed to fast in the spirit as well, and make extra effort to avoid arguments, conflicts and bad words, thoughts, and deeds. Fasting builds will-power against temptation, helps people feel sympathy for those in need, and encourages generosity toward others. Fasting causes physical and psychological changes, and many claim that it is a healthy way to purify the body. Fasting helps people to reevaluate their lives spiritually, and draw closer to God. 4. Zakah (Charity as a Duty) is the annual giving of a percentage of a Muslim’s wealth and possessions beyond basic needs. The word means "purification," meaning that a person is purified from greed by giving wealth to others. When Muslims have cash savings for a year, they give 2.5% of it as zakat. Zakat on other forms of wealth, such as land, natural resources, and livestock is calculated at different rates. Paying the zakat reminds Muslims of the duty to help those less fortunate, and that wealth is a gift entrusted to a person by God rather than a possession to be hoarded selfishly. 5. Hajj (Journey to Makkah) The basic act of worship in Islam is the pilgrimage (journey) to the city of Makkah (or MECCA) during a certain time of year. The hajj rites symbolically reenact the trials and sacrifices of Prophet Abraham, his wife Hajar, and their son Isma’il over 4,000 years ago. Muslims must perform the hajj at least once in their lives, provided their health and finances permit. The hajj is performed annually by over 2,000,000 people during the twelfth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, Dhul- Hijjah. In commemoration of the trials of Abraham and his family in Makkah, which included Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son in response to God’s command, Muslims make a pilgrimage to the sacred city at least once in their lifetime. The hajj is one of the “five pillars” of Islam, and thus an essential part of the faith and practice of Muslims. Muslims from all over the world, including the United States, travel to Makkah (in today’s Saudi Arabia). Before arriving in the holy city, Muslims enter a state of being called ihram. They remove their ordinary clothes and put on the simple dress of pilgrims--two seamless white sheets for men, and usually, white dresses and head covering for women. The pilgrims are dressed in the same simple clothes. No one can tell who is rich, famous or powerful. White clothes are a symbol of purity, unity, and equality before God. The gathering of millions of pilgrims at Makkah is a reminder of the gathering of all humans before God at the Judgment Day. It is a symbol of the Muslim ummah, because pilgrims gather from all corners of the earth. It is a symbol of the past, because the pilgrims visit places where Abraham and his family faced the challenge of their faith, and where Muhammad was born and preached. Pilgrims go around the Ka’bah. According to Islamic teachings, it was the first house of worship for one God on earth. Pilgrims call “Labbayka Allahumma Labbayk,” which means “Here I am at your service, O God, here I am!” This echoes the call of Abraham in the Hebrew Bible, in answer to the call of God. Pilgrims also walk seven times between the hills named Safa and Marwah, where they recall how Ishmael’s mother searched for water for him, and the spring of water called Zam-zam flowed under his foot, and still flows.

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THE TEN COMMANDMENTS: Christianity 1. I AM THE LORD THY GOD: THOU SHALT NOT HAVE STRANGE GODS BEFORE ME.

Commands: faith, making an effort to know what God has revealed through His Church, believing all that God has revealed, professing belief in what God has revealed; hope; love; worship of God; reverence for holy things, prayer and sacrifice. Forbids: idolatry, giving to a creature (any person but God) or creation (e.g. sun, moon, stars, "Mother Earth") the honor which belongs to God alone, superstition, spiritualism, seances, astrology, horoscopes, fortune telling, palm reading, ouija boards, trying to communicate with the dead directly or through others, and all occult practices; tempting God, sacrilege, attendance at false worship; presumption and despair; renouncing the faith or giving up the practice of our religion for the sake of wealth, honors, society, or worldly pleasures.

 2. THOU SHALT NOT TAKE THE NAME OF THE LORD THY GOD IN VAIN.

Commands: speaking with reverence of God and of the saints, and of all holy things; keeping lawful oaths and vows. Forbids: blasphemy, the irreverent use of God's name, speaking disrespectfully of holy things, profane words (cursing); false, rash, unjust, and unnecessary oaths and the breaking of vows.

 3. REMEMBER THOU KEEP HOLY THE SABBATH DAY.

Commands: going to Church on Sundays and Holy Days of obligation, reverence in Church. Forbids: missing Church through one's own fault; unnecessary servile work; unnecessary public buying and selling; court trials; and whatever else may hinder the due observance of the Lord's day. 

 4. HONOR THY FATHER AND MOTHER.

Commands: love, respect, obedience to parents of children in all that is not sin; care on the part of parents for the spiritual and temporal welfare of their children; obedience to lawful civil authorities, obedience to religious superiors (when in accordance with Magisterial teaching.). Forbids: hatred of parents and superiors; contempt, disrespect and disobedience towards our parents or lawful superiors.

 5. THOU SHALL NOT KILL.

Commands: live in peace and union with our neighbor, to respect his rights, to seek his spiritual and bodily welfare, and to take proper care of our own life and health; controlling one's anger. Forbids: all willful murder, suicide, abortion, euthanasia, artificial contraception, sterilization, cloning, endangering life and limb of self or others, fighting, anger, hatred, revenge, and bad example.

 6. THOU SHALT NOT COMMIT ADULTERY.

Commands: chastity and modesty in all our looks, words, and actions; avoiding occasions of sin. Forbids: unchaste freedom with another's wife or husband; pornography, bad movies or books, obscene speech; impure actions alone or with others, fornication, incest, bestiality, pedophilia; also all immodesty with ourselves or others in looks, dress, words, or actions.

7. THOU SHALT NOT STEAL.

Commands: respect for the property and rights of others; the paying of just debts; paying just wages to employees; integrity in public officials. Repentance for sins also requires the restoration of ill-gotten goods, or the

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value of them, as best as we are able, bound to repair the damage we have unjustly caused. Forbids: theft; damage to the property of others; not paying just debts; not returning found or borrowed articles; giving unjust measure or weight in selling; not paying just wages; bribery; graft; cheating; fraud; accepting stolen property; not giving an honest day's work for wages received; violation of contract.

8. THOU SHALT NOT BEAR FALSE WITNESS AGAINST THY NEIGHBOR.

Commands: truthfulness in all things, respect for the good name and reputation of other; the observance of secrecy when required. Repentance for sin also requires those who have lied about their neighbor and seriously injured his character must repair the injury done as far as they are able. Forbids: lying, injury to good name of others, slander, detraction, tale bearing, rash judgment, backbiting, rash judgments, contemptuous speech; and the violation of secrecy.

9. THOU SHALT NOT COVET THY NEIGHBOR'S WIFE.

Commands: purity in thought and desire. Forbids: unchaste or impure thoughts, desires of another's wife or husband, and all other unlawful impure thoughts and desires.

10. THOU SHALT NOT COVET THY NEIGHBOR'S GOODS.

Commands: be content with what we have, respect for the rights of others; rejoice in our neighbor's welfare. Forbids: desires to take or keep wrongfully, or to damage, what property belongs to another.

Questions: (on next page)

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Comparing the 5 Pillars of Islam to the 10 Commandments –100 Points (Questions)

1. What is the most basic belief for Muslims?

2. Identify and describe the prayers required of Muslims. How do Muslims prepare for prayer?

3. What is the main similarity between the 5 Pillars of Islam and the 10 Commandments?

4. Which of the five pillars is linked to the lunar month of Ramadan? When, why, and how do Muslims fast?

5. What is the hajj, and how often must a Muslim perform it? What is the significance of clothing for the hajj?

6. What is the relationship of Abraham to the fifth pillar of Islam?

7. In what religion are people most likely to recite the Shahadah and Hajj? Explain those two practices.

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Comparing Commandments/Pillars— Visual (100 pts.)

Name: _______________________________________ Class period: _____________

DIRECTIONS: Create a Thesis Statement Answering the following question: How similar or different are the 5 Pillars of Islam and the 10 Commandments? Then, support your thesis statement by creating a visual representation of how the 10 Commandments are similar or different to the 5 Pillars of Faith (your visual can include written information as well!)

PERFORMANCE EXPECTATIONS TEACHER √

Exceeds Expectations (90-100 points) Supports thesis with appropriate evidence from both articles

Meets Expectations (74-90 points)Use of facts

• The visual clearly compares similarities and differences of the 10 commandments to 5 pillars of faith• Facts are used correctly to support viewpoint (you can’t just make up facts)

Thinking like a Historian—Use of Sources • All sources are interpreted correctly, 90% of information is accurate

Presentation and Organization• Good use of white space, borders, and key ideas • Neat and easy to determine most important information • Visual is created on sturdy poster board or legal sheet of paper• Creative, colorful, and well-polished (you didn’t just throw it together, you had a rough draft, etc)

Approaches Expectations (51-74 points)—Needs to be revised to earn credit

Use of facts• The visual clearly shows similarities and differences • Facts are used correctly to support viewpoint

Thinking like a Historian—Use of Sources • All sources but one are interpreted correctly, 85% of information is accurate

Presentation and Organization• Good use of white space, borders, and key ideas • Neat and easy to determine most important information • Visual is created on legal sheet of paper• Creative, colorful, but no evidence of a rough draft to plan use of space

Unacceptable (50 points or fewer)—Needs to be significantly revised to earn credit

Use of facts• Facts used are incorrect or do not make sense in the context used

Thinking like a Historian—Use of Sources • Information is misinterpreted

Presentation and Organization• Poor use of white space, borders, or key ideas

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• Messy and/or created on plain paper or lined paper • Not suitable for display or does not indicate what you learned

Write a Thesis Statement Answering the following question: How are the 5 Pillars of Islam and the 10 Commandments similar? (remember to use evidence from the article)

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Support your thesis statement by drawing (and coloring) a visual representation in the space below of how the 10 Commandments are like or not like the 5 Pillars of Faith (your visual can include written information as well!).

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Check out the rubric to see

Section 4 Islam Around the World (100 points)The majority of the populations in the following countries are Muslim.[1]

Indonesia 202,867,000 (88.2%) Pakistan 174,082,000 (96.3%) Bangladesh 145,312,000 (89.6%) Egypt 78,513,000 (94.6%) Nigeria 78,056,000 (50.4%) Iran 73,777,000 (99.4%) Turkey 73,619,000 (98.0%) Algeria 34,199,000 (98.0  %) Morocco 31,993,000 (99.0%) Iraq 30,428,000 (99.0%) Sudan 30,121,000 (71.3%) Afghanistan 28,072,000 (99.7%) Ethiopia 28,063,000 (33.9%) Uzbekistan 26,469,000 (96.3%) Saudi Arabia 24,949,000 (100%) Yemen 23,363,000 (99.1%) Syria 20,196,000 (92.2%) Malaysia 16,581,000 (60.4%) Niger 15,075,000 (98.6%) Azerbaijan 8,765,000 (99.2%)

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Check out the rubric to see

On the next page, you will create your own map that shows the percentage of Muslims who live in each part of the world! Then, using this information, you will answer a few questions in complete sentences!

For example, you will create a legend that looks like the one below, then label all the countries listed on the left of this box. Follow the direction on the next page.

Example legend:

0 – 40% Muslim

41 – 60% Muslim

61 – 80% Muslim

81 – 100% Muslim

**You can choose your own colors and percentages, or copy the example above.

MAPSHOT: Islam around the World DIRECTIONS: Use the information on the previous page to create your own map that shows the percentage of Muslims who live in each part of the world! Identify the regions of the world with the highest Muslim population. Then answer the questions on the back!

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LEGEND:

See example legend from the previous page. Don’t forget to label the countries!

Islam around the World

1. Which 3 regions of the world contain the largest percentages of Muslims?

2. Why do you think the largest Muslim populations are located in this part of the world?

3. Islam has been the most important factor in shaping Middle East cultural identity. Knowing this, how do you think a religion can shape a region’s culture?

4. Which country in Asia has a Muslim population that exceeds 66%?

5. Which population has a larger Muslim population, India or Pakistan? Why do you think this is?

6. DO Muslims worship Allah in a synagogue? If not, where do they worship?

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Section 5 Hinduism (100 Points)Directions: Read the information; answer the questions

Hinduism is the oldest (over 6000 years old) and 3rd largest world religion, with roughly 1 billion followers, over 90% of which live in India and Nepal. Compared to Christianity or Islam, Hinduism has not spread much outside of its place of origin. The reason for this is two-fold: First, India is bordered on all sides by significant landforms: in the north by the Himalaya Mountains, physically separating India from China, and on its western, southern and eastern sides by the Bay of Bengal, the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea, respectively. The second reason Hinduism has not spread significantly outside of India and Nepal has more to do with Hinduism itself- it is an internally focused belief system based on freeing human beings from a cycle of rebirth – it is not a religion that seeks to convert non-Hindus into Hindus.

Identify the two major reasons Hinduism has not spread significantly outside of its place of origin:

1. ______________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________

Unlike the monotheistic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam), Hinduism has no single unified system of belief. Instead, Hinduism is known as thousands of religions under one name. Hindus do not believe in any one single “prophet” or in any one “god”. There are over 300 million gods whom Hindus worship. Due to its vast diversity of practice, Hinduism has no single unifying religious rite or practice that each Hindu is compelled to practice. The Hindu ultimate supreme authority in the universe is known as Brahman, which has three distinct personalities, each worshiped separately:

Brahma (The Creator) Vishnu (The Preserver) Shiva (The Destroyer)

Hinduism also has no single central text such as the Christian Bible, Jewish Torah or the Islamic Koran. Instead, Hinduism is drawn from a large number of “Vedas” – ancient poems, songs and hymns used to pray to and worship one or more of the gods recognized by Hindus.

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"Do not be led by others,awaken your own mind,

amass your own experience,and decide for yourself your

own path."

Examples of Vedas

On this Earth do I stand,Unvanquished, un-slain, unhurt.

Set me, O Earth, amidst the nourishing strengthThat emanates from thy body.

The Earth is my mother,her child am I!

Checks for understanding:

1) Is Hinduism the largest religion in the world? ______________________

2) Is Hinduism the oldest religion in the world? ______________________

3) Roughly how many people practice Hinduism today? ______________________

4) In what country does the majority of Hindus live? ______________________

What do Hindus believe? Hinduism is a complex religion based on the idea that human conduct has binding cause-and-effect implications for how one will be reincarnated in their next life. In Hindu belief, the human soul has a part of god in it and is thus eternal. The human body, on the other hand, is perishable and thus passes away. Even though the human body dies, the soul is reincarnated into another form in its next manifestation.

The soul will reincarnate to other life forms until it realizes its true “self” – the perfect balance between Dharma, Artha and Kama. The cycle of rebirths continues due to ignorance and the pursuit of worldly, selfish desires, and will continue to reincarnate until it is free of all desire. To realize his or her “true self”, one must find the perfect balance between:

1) Dharma – “Right Conduct” / Doing one’s unique duty or purpose 2) Artha – Material prosperity / the “things” one possesses in life. 3) Kama – the enjoyment of the “good” and pleasurable things in life

Reincarnation stops when all desire vanishes. The cause and effect system – known as Karma – drives the cycle of rebirths known as samsara. The ultimate goal for a Hindu is to achieve moksha - freedom from this cycle of rebirths (samsara) that is dependent on the Karma one earns in each life. Only then can a human being become fully united with the ultimate eternal reality – Brahman.

Common Hindu Rituals and Practice

Washing in the Ganges River: The Ganges is a sacred river to Hindus along every fragment of its length. All along its course, Hindus bathe in its waters, paying homage to their ancestors and to their gods by cupping the water in their hands, lifting it and letting it fall back into the river; they offer flowers and rose petals and float shallow clay dishes filled with oil and lit with wicks. On the journey back home from the Ganges, they carry small quantities of river water with them for use in rituals. When a loved one dies, Hindus bring the ashes of the deceased person to the Ganges River and they put the ashes in the river.

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Checks for understanding:

1) Is Hinduism the largest religion in the world? ______________________

2) Is Hinduism the oldest religion in the world? ______________________

3) Roughly how many people practice Hinduism today? ______________________

4) In what country does the majority of Hindus live? ______________________

From the above text, define the following terms in your own words:

Dharma: __________________________________________________________________________________________

Samsara: ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Karma: _____________________________________________________________________________________________

Moksha: ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Washing in the Ganges River

Yoga and MeditationHindu meditation has been described as a journey to the deeper part of one’s being, with the goal of the meditator being to enter into the tranquil, deep part of one’s being to unleash the strength within.  This strength is believed to sustain the meditator throughout the day, preventing the calm center from being disturbed.  Fear, doubt, and other earthly troubles cannot touch the practitioner of Hindu meditation who has tapped into this strength.

Yoga means "joined together”, or "to unify." A yogi (one who practices yoga) is one who consciously unifies body, mind, emotions, and spirit so that they all work together very well. Yogis discover and affirm life’s great possibilities by freeing the body of tension and the ravages of stress, and progressively releasing mental and emotional turbulence. The resulting well-being is often considered miraculous; and the new unity that occurs between the individual and others is like the dawn of a new life.

There are five major divisions (castes) in Hindu societies. 1. Brahmins - The Brahmins are the holy caste of the Hindu society. They represent purity and include priests.

2. Kshathriyas - The kshathrias (shath-ri-aahs) are the warrior caste. They represent valour/courage or brevity and include the kings and warriors.

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The Caste System –

The Hindu conception of the social hierarchy is that people are different, and different people will fit well into different aspects of society. 

A person’s caste affiliation is determined by birth and is thus believed to be a result of Karma. Unlike in the U.S. society, it is not possible to go either up or down the caste hierarchy in one life.

A. Historically the caste system dates back to around 2,000 BC.

B. Society is divided into four main groups (with a fifth, "the untouchables," outside of the caste system).

From the above text, answer the following questions:

1. What is the Ganges River and what do people do with the water?

2. What is the goal of Hindu meditation?

3. What does Yoga mean and what do Yogi’s discover through Yoga?

3. Vaishyas -The Vaishyas are the business caste. They represent prosperity and include merchants and traders. Trade, agriculture and the rearing of cattle is the work of a Vaishya.

4. Shudhras - The Shudhras (shoe-dhraas) are the laborers, representing hardwork. They are often seen as the lower caste of society although they do a lot of work such as cleaning. Shudhras include servants.

5. Dalits – the “Untouchables” of society. They are often beggars and outcasts of society, becoming prostitutes, gravediggers, and victims of abuse, slavery and violence. Technically, the Dalit “caste” is not even a caste, but beneath the 4 other castes.

SECTION 6 Buddhism and Confucianism IntroductionIn this section you will use a series of documents to draw your own conclusions as to what are the key tenets (beliefs) of Buddhism and Confucianism. Review the documents and answer the guiding questions.Buddhism:

Using the document above, fill in the passage below using the word bank to the left. Buddhism was created by Buddha. Buddha stated that the nature of life is _________________. Suffering is the ____________ truth. The noble truth of suffering is caused by our craving for things: sex, lust, war, material products. In short, our life is full of suffering because our

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Word Bank:

Noble Eightfold PathSufferingDesireNobleright

The Caste System –

The Hindu conception of the social hierarchy is that people are different, and different people will fit well into different aspects of society. 

A person’s caste affiliation is determined by birth and is thus believed to be a result of Karma. Unlike in the U.S. society, it is not possible to go either up or down the caste hierarchy in one life.

A. Historically the caste system dates back to around 2,000 BC.

B. Society is divided into four main groups (with a fifth, "the untouchables," outside of the caste system).

EXPLAIN the relationship between the Hindu belief of KARMA and the Hindu caste system:

______________ creates our suffering. In order to stop our noble truth of suffering, we must meditate. To free ourselves from suffering, we must follow the ________________________. This Way or “Marga” will cause us to follow the __________ view, right intention, right speech, right

action, basically do the right things in life.

Confucianism:

Confucianism is an ethical system rather than a religion. (Ethics deals with human behavior and conduct.) The core of Confucianism is humanism, the belief that human beings are teachable, improvable and perfectible through personal and communal endeavor especially including self-cultivation and self-creation. Confucianism focuses on the cultivation of virtue and maintenance of ethics and how a person should properly act within a community. Confucianism holds that one should give up one's life, if necessary, either passively or actively, for the sake of upholding the cardinal moral values of the community.

Confucius focused on 5 basic relationships. 1) Parent and child2) Husband and wife3) Siblings4) Ruler and subject5) Friends

There are five virtues or basic ideas of behavior in Confucianism:

1. Always be considerate to others 2. Try for harmony and balance in all things 3. Avoid extremes in behavior and emotion4. If you live in peace and harmony, then you will be in contact with the spiritual forces of the universe,

including nature. 5. Respect your ancestors

Use the information from the text above to help you determine what Confucius’ quote below is saying:

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Based on your knowledge of the 5 basic relationships and 5 virtues of Confucianism, what is the main point of the quote? ___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

Compare Buddhism and Confucianism: Using all the text from the last two pages and the passage below, complete the Venn diagram comparing Buddhism and Confucianism. You can also use your laptop for gain additional information about the two belief systems.

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Buddhism Confucianism

Have at least two similarities