Name: ___________________________Period: _______ BiologyE Week #34Week of: April 27 – May 1

Day Root Words In-Class Homework

4/27: Monday

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture:

-Finish Gattaca Movie and Week #33 Packet

4/28: Tuesday

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture:-Evolution Pre Test-Evolution Notes-Evolution of the Horse

4/29: Wednesday

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture:-Late Arrival!-Time Line Lab

4/30: Thursday

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture:-Territorial Birds Lab(BE PREPARED TO GO OUTSIDE FOR LAB!!)

5/31: Friday

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture:

-QUIZ WEEK #34-Finish Packet

Need Help? Talk to me in class. I’m available during periods 4, 5 and 8. You can call me at 708-434-3616 or email clundgren@oprfhs.org Also, Mr. Hill is in the Tutoring Center before school on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Be sure to use the website

mrlscience.weebly.com

Evolution NotesProblem: What is evolution? Why is it important?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Name: ___________________________Period: __________________________________________________________________________Evidence:Who is Charles Darwin?

Where did Charles Darwin go and what did he see?

What were some of Charles Darwin’s conclusions?

What varies between each finch in the diagram?

What environmental factor do you think would create variation in beak size?

Which of the ground finches would be able to eat the largest, toughest nuts and seeds?

Did all of the finches evolve from a common ancestor?

How many different species of finch are shown in the diagram?Charles Darwin believed that living things will evolve only if the following four conditions are in place.

1. Living things overproduce

2. There is variation among offspring

3. Survival of the fittesta. Definition of fittest

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______

b. Definition of adaptation (3 examples)

AN ORGANISM DOES NOT ADAPT, BUT IS BORN WITH ADAPTATIONS

4. Natural selection

What is the evidence behind the theory of evolution?

1. Fossils

a. Pangaea

2. Homologous structures

3. Analogous structures

4. Vestigial structures

5. Similarities in embryology

Conclusion: What is evolution? Why is it important? ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______Evolution of a Horse

The changes in horses over the last 55 million years have been shown in numerous studies. The earliest kind of horse were small and had teeth that were adapted to browsing on young shoots of trees and shrubs. The present-day horse is much larger and has larger teeth that are adapted to grazing on the tough leaves of grasses. Early horses were adapted to living in wooded, swampy areas where more toes were an advantage. The single-hoofed toes of the present day horse allow it to travel fast in the plains.

Part 1: Examine the diagrams in Figure 1. They show pictures of the horses in their original surroundings. Fill out the table below. For type of surroundings choose from the following:

A. drier and hilly, with lots of trees and shrubs C. plainsB. flatter grasslands, with a few shrubs D. wooded, swampy areas

Table 1. Evolution of Horse

Horse Hyracotherium Miohippus Merchlppus Equus

Size

Type of surroundings

Part 2: Examine the diagrams in Figure 2. They show fossils of the front foot bones and the teeth of horses. The foot bones at the upper right of each diagram indicate the relative bone sizes of each kind of horse.

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______- Look for and color the following kinds of bones for each fossil horse.

o Color the toe bones in red. They are marked with an x.o Color the foot bones in blue. They are marked with a y.o Color the ankle bones in green. They are marked with a w.o Color the heel bones in yellow. These are marked with a z.

- Using the diagrams in Figure 2, make measurements to fill in Table 2.

Table 2. Evolution of the Horse

Horse Hyracotherium Miohippus Merchlppus Equus

Number toes

Number of toe bones

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______Number of foot bones

Number of ankle bones

Number of heel bones

Length of foot (little one in black) (mm)

Height of teeth (mm)

Questions:

1. What changes occurred in the surroundings of horses from Hyracotherium to Equus?

2. What changes occurred in the size of the horse from Hyracotherium to Equus?

3. As the surroundings changed, what happened to the size and shape of horse teeth?

4. As the surroundings changed, what happened to the foot length, number of toes, and size of toes?

5. What evidence do you see that supports the idea that horses have evolved over time?

Time Scale LabWork as a class to put the following pictures where they fall on the time scale that has been placed around the room.Now Ms. Smith will place the items on the list where they really are found.

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______Use this information to fill out the table and questions below.

Event Estimated Years Ago

1 Earth formed 4.6 billion

2 Precambrian Era begins 4.6 billion

3 Earliest evidence of ___________________ 3.4 billion

4 Paleozoic Era begins 540 million

5 First __________________________ 510 million

6 First __________________________ 475 million

7 First __________________________ 300 million

8 Mesozoic Era begins 248 million

9 First __________________________ 245 million

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First __________________________ 160 million

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First __________________________ 150 million

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First __________________________ 140 million

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Dinosaurs become extinct 65 million

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Cenozoic Era begins 65 million

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First __________________________ 65 million

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First __________________________ 250,000

1. Draw a mini timeline below based on the timeline hanging around the room. Use the numbers of events listed above to place them on the timeline.

Use the figure below to answer the following questions.

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______

1. According to the figure, how many Eras of time have there been? 2. According to the figure what was the earliest form of multicellular life on Earth?

3. According to the figure, what developed first, small mammals or large mammals?

4. According to the figure, what is the longest Era? 5. According to the figure, what is the shortest Era? 6. According to the figure place the following organisms in the correct chronological order as

they develop: jawed fish, prokaryotes, birds, dinosaurs?

7. According to the figure place the following organisms in the correct chronological order as they develop: sponges, humans, reptiles, dinosaurs?

8. According to the figure, what developed first, ferns or flowering plants?

9. According to the figure, in how many Eras have mammals existed? 10.According to the figure, in how many Eras have humans existed?

Survival of the Sneakiest ComicRead the comic attached and complete the following questions: USING COMPLETE SENTENCES!!!!!

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______1. Describe the 2 male crickets in this story. What are their different methods of survival?

2. Was the caller cricket successful in reproduction? Why?

3. Was the sneaker cricket successful in reproduction? Why?

4. After the caller cricket could not find a mate, what happened to him?

5. What would happen if all caller crickets stopped calling?

6. Which cricket was the most “fit” in the story? Why? Describe the different mating strategies in this story.

7. Why is it important for the “best” crickets to reproduce?

Survival of the Sneakiestby the Understanding Evolution team at http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/sneakermales_01

"Survival of the fittest" means that the strong succeed, and the weak fail, right? Well, often that's how it's portrayed, but the real story is a bit trickier. Let's take a closer look at what the crickets do...

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______A Simulation of Natural Selection Lab

Introduction: Charles Darwin made many observations about variations that existed within each species. He believed that some of these variations helped the organisms survive and he called these adaptations. Today we will simulate some variations in a population of birds. Many of these variations arise from mutations and others arise from the way the birds live their lives-birds can be violent when claiming territory. Some of these birds are one legged, and some have even lost an eye. These birds eat pick-worms that come in 3 variants (red, green, yellow). Some of these birds have short beaks (simulated by forceps) and some have long beaks (tongs). You will “be a bird” and will eat as many of the pick-worms that you can pick up in a 15 second time period. Your team will record the results.

Problem Question: Which bird do you think will be the best at eating “pick-worms”? Review the different types of birds in Data Table 1 to complete the hypothesis below.

Hypothesis: If the __________________________________________ catches the most pick-worms, then it is the best at eating and surviving because it has evolved to survive in its environment.

Materials: yarn, three colors of toothpicks, forceps, tongs, timer

Instructions:1. When we go outside you and your group will pick an area in which you birds will “feed”.

Place the yarn in a circle on the grass.2. Spread an equal number of each of the colored worms in a square yard area (within the

yarn circle). 3. The “Normal Bird” will consume as many worms as possible during a 15 second interval

(someone needs to time).4. After the 15 seconds, record the number and color of worms in Data Table A for your team

number.5. The “Long-beaked” bird will consume as many worms as possible during a 15 second

interval (someone needs to time).6. After the 15 seconds, record the number and color of worms in Data Table A for your team

number.7. The ”One-Legged” bird will consume as many worms as possible during a 15 second

interval (someone needs to time).After the 15 seconds, record the number and color of worms in Data Table A for your team number.

8. The “One-legged, One-eyed” bird (poor bird) will consume as many worms as possible during a 15 second interval (someone needs to time). After the 15 seconds, record the number and color of worms in Data Table A for your team number.

DATA TABLE A: Type of Beak vs. Number of Worms

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Rules: BIRDS DO NOT BEND AT THE KNEES. REPLACE ALL WORMS BETWEEN EACH TRIAL. CLEAN UP ALL MATERIALS & BRING BACK TO CLASSROOM!

Normal Bird Long-Beaked One-Legged One-Legged, One-eyed

Name: ___________________________Period: _______Team

Y R G Y R G Y R G Y R G

1

2

3

4

5

6

Total

Worm Color Class Totals

Yellow

Red

Green

Bird Total Worms for ClassNormal Bird

Long-Beaked

One-Legged

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Data Table B: Tabulate the total of each color worm selected (regardless of the bird that selected it

Data Table C: Tabulate the total number of worms (regardless of color) that each bird selected

Name: ___________________________Period: _______One-Legged, One eyed

Analysis:1. Which color worm had the greatest survival value?_______________________ The least?

_____________

2. How would the population of colored worms change if a specific color was always selected for consumption?

3. Which bird had the greatest survival value?___________________________Which bird had the least ability to survive?___________________________

4. How would the population of birds change if a specific bird type could not get enough food to survive?

5. Define natural selection in your own words:

6. In this activity, explain the factor that was selectinga. For which bird would survive?

b. For which worm would survive?

DRAW 3 BAR GRAPHS!!!1. Use Data Table A. Label the X axis “Color of Worms” and the Y axis “Number of Worms”

You will draw three bars for each bird. Since there are 4 bird types, you will end up with 12 bars total.

2. Use Data Table B. Label the X axis “Color of Worm” and the Y axis “Number of Worms” This graph will have 3 bars only.

3. Use Data Table C. Label the X axis “Bird Type” and the Y axis “Total Number of Worms” This graph will have 4 bars.

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A

Name: ___________________________Period: _______

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B C