municipal solid waste management: opportunities for russia - summary of key findings

7/31/2019 Municipal Solid Waste Management: Opportunities for Russia - Summary of Key Findings

1/24


2/24

]fhz tby`t} |ez ytbyetbm dx Ho}btoe}hòek Ahoeojb J`ty`te}hò &HAJ+ \`tkm Deoc Lt`ry(/

]fb jò}bo} à }fhz tby`t} hz yt`}bj}bm dx j`yxthlf}/

Obh}fbt }fhz tby`t}+ o`t eox j`gyòbo} yet}+ gex db tbyt`mrjbm+ j`yhbm+ t mhz}thdr}bm ho eox a`tg |h}f`r}tbabtbojb }` }fb HAJ/ H} gex o`} db z`km+ tb'z`km+ kbezbm+ t mhz}thdr}bm dx eox gbeoz o e j`ggbtjhek dezhz|h}f`r} }fb yth`t eyyt`qek a HAJ t }fb \`tkm Deoc Lt`ry/

]fb ahomholz+ ho}btytb}e}hòz+ eom jòjkrzhòz bvytbzzbm ho }fhz tby`t} etb bo}htbkx }f`zb à }fb yt`nbj} }begeom zf`rkm o`} db e}}thdr}bm ho eox geoobt }` }fb \`tkm Deoc `t HAJ+ }` h}z eaahkhe}bm `tleoh~e}hòz+ `t }`

gbgdbtz à h}z Dètm à Bvbjr}hqb Mhtbj}`tz `t }fb j`ro}thbz }fbx tbytbzbo}/ ]fb ge}bthek ho }fhz tby`t} hz`|obm dx }fb \`tkm Deoc Lt`ry eom HAJ/ Mhzzbghoe}hò a }fhz tby`t} hz boj`rtelbm eom }fb \`tkm DeocLt`ry eom HAJ |hkk o`tgekkx lteo} ybtghzzhò yt`gy}kx/ ]fhz tby`t} |ez hzzrbm ho Bolkhzf eom ho Trzzheo/Urbz}hòz tbletmhol }fhz tby`t}+ hojkrmhol ybtghzzhò }` tbyt`mrjb eox yet}+ t hoa`tge}hò o tmbtholemmh}hòek j`yhbz+ zf`rkm db mhtbj}bm }` }fb emmtbzzbz dbk`|/

h}bt}`k Ab j`ty`t}`hAj emq`tx zbtqb T

:15 D`kzfexe G`kjfeo`qce

545918 G`zj`|Yfòb> #&< =82( =55 #&< =82( =55 #&5494( 8


3/24

zrggeTx `A Cbx AhoMhoLz

Grohjhyek Z`khm \ez}bGeoelbgbo}>

@yy`t}roh}hbz a`t Trzzhe

h ttf f


4/24

4 gj zm | gl> `yy}roh}hbz a trzzhe

]fhz by} |ez ybyebm dx eo HAJ }beg kbm dx Ekbveomb Kehoq ho jkzb

jybe}ho |h}f Bjbg O/Q/+ ez ye} a }fbHAJ Z}rmx o \ez}b Geoelbgbo}

ho trzzhe+ romb }fb HAJ tbzrjb Baahjhbojx Yleg ho trzzhe/

]fb er}fz |hzf } bvybzz }fbh le}h}rmb } ekk }fzb gecb} bvyb}z |f}c ye} ho bqbo}z leoh~bm dx HAJ+ yqhmbm emqhjb eom zryy} mrhol }fbykeoohol eom hgykbgbo}e}ho a }fb z}rmx &ho ekyfedb}hjek mb(>

Hhoe Drklecqe &Fbem a mbye}gbo}+ Ghohz}x a tblhoek Mbqbkygbo} atrzzhe(

Hl Lrdeoq &Ezzjhe}ho a |ez}b bjxjkhol( Qkemhgh Hqeoq &Mbyr}x Gex+ Jh}x a ]lkhe}}h(

Zblbh Cfzfebq &Lbobek Mhbj}+ È` Oe}hoek bjklx jgyeox+( Hl Ckbzohcq &Hoz}h}r}b a Rdeo Bjoghjz( Ghcfehk Gekcq &Ybzhmbo}+ Ezzjhe}ho a |ez}b bjxjkhol( `czeoe Yrjfhcqe &Fbem a Bjoghj Mbye}gbo}+ Jh}x a ]lkhe}}h( Eomb tmhocaa &Mhbj}+ ``` tbgomhz( Eoe}kh Zeaoq &ZA] Lry( Ekbvbh ]zhzbkzch &ZA] Lry( Mgh}h ^fehoq &Fbem a Abhlo bke}hoz mbye}gbo}+ Jh}x a ]lkhe}}h(

Ye}hjrke le}h}rmb hz mrb } }fb }beg a Bjbg O/Q/ |fzb bvybhbojb eomlrhmeojb bozrbm }fb arkahkkgbo} a }fb ynbj}>

Z}baeo Fbkzbo &Mhbj}+ Bjbg O/Q/( Bqb} Qbger} &Ynbj} Geoelb+ Bjbg O/Q/(

]fb er}fz eb le}bark } }fb }beg a È` Bj'zxz}bge |f jo}horrzkxyqhmbm }fbh bvyb}hzb ho }fb kjek gecb}>

Eombh Xechgjfrc &Mhbj}+ È` Bj'zxz}bge( Zblbh Z}ezxrc &Mbyr}x Mhbj}+ È` Bj'zxz}bge( Ghcfehk Dbkh~q &Fbem a Joz}rj}ho mbye}gbo}+ È` Bj'zxz}bge(

]fb er}fz ekz }feoc Jfekbz Yb}bzo+ hombybombo} bvyb} o |ez}bgeoelbgbo}+ ez |bkk ez Gevhg Yrkhebq eom Z}eohzkeq Hqeoqzchx+ }fb eoekxz}z}fe} yqhmbm qbekk zryy}/

]fb Z}rmx o \ez}b Geoelbgbo} ho trzzhe |ez ahoeojbm |h}fho }fb HAJtbzrjb Baahjhbojx Yleg ho trzzhe+ zryy}bm dx }fb Abb Z}e}b aZevox &Lbgeox(3 }fb Ob}fbkeomz Elbojx a Ho}boe}hoek Drzhobzzeom Jybe}ho &BQM+ e deojf a }fb Ghohz}x a Bjoghj Eaaehz a }fbOb}fbkeomz(3 }fb Ghohz}x a Bgykxgbo} eom }fb Bjogx a Ahokeom/

Ejco|kbmlgbo}z


5/24

ZRGGETX @A CBX AHOMHOLZ

:gj zm | gl> `yy}roh}hbz a trzzhe

ZRGGEtX À CBX AHOMHOLZGrohjhyek zkhm |ez}b &GZ\( geoelbgbo} zxz}bg hz ob a }fb cbx jgy'obo}z a e jro}xz qbekk boqhogbo}ek eom bzrjb baahjhbojx aegb|c/

Hobaahjhbo} GZ\ }be}gbo} ho trzzhe }mex hz jerzhol d}f oble}hqb boqho'gbo}ek hgyej} eom bzrk}z ho zrdy}hgek rzb a e| ge}bhekz eom boblx/Ha trzzhe y}hgh~bm h}z GZ\ geoelbgbo} ykhjx eom hgykbgbo}z gmbo}bjfoklhbz+ dx 4942 h} jrkm arkkx zfha} }|emz boqhogbo}ekkx ahbomkxGZ\ geoelbgbo} zxz}bg eom bjqb ry } =2" a |ez}b/ Ez e bzrk}+ dx4942 gb }feo 499 g } a GZ\ |hkk db bjqbbm } e| ge}bhekz eomboblx hoz}bem a keomahkkhol/ ]fhz |hkk burhb hoqbz}hol ry } =9 do BRt eom|hkk lbobe}b emmh}hoek 4do BRt ho bqborbz ag bjqbedkb aej}hoz/

Grohjhyek z`khm |ez}b &GZ\( hz |ez}b lbobte}bm dx f`rzbf`kmz eomzhghket |ez}b at`g drzhobzzbz/ GZ\ geoelbgbo} zxz}bgz hojkrmb}fb j`kkbj}hò+ ferkelb+ tbj`qbtx+ eom mhzy`zek à |ez}b+ jòmrj}bm dxzybjhekhz} bo}h}hbz eom j``tmhoe}bm dx k`jek er}f`th}hbz/


6/24

= gj zm | gl> `yy}roh}hbz a trzzhe

Zgb objbzzex hgyqbgbo}z } }fb GZ\ geoelbgbo} zxz}bg eb ekbemxdbhol mhzjrzzbm eom hgykbgbo}bm dx bvyb}z eom aahjhekz e} }fb oe}hoek eomzrd'oe}hoek kbqbkz/

]fhz z}rmx ehgz } aejhkh}e}b }fb mbqbkygbo} a }fb zbj} dx aabhol ezjboeh'dezbm ezzbzzgbo} a gecb} y}bo}hek eom dx bjggbomhol |exz}frlf |fhjf } bkhghoe}b dz}ejkbz } mbqbkygbo} ho }fb zbj}/ H} ekzeoekx~bz }fb hgyej} a qehrz }xybz a ho}bqbo}hoz+ ye}hjrkekx }fzb }fe}yg}b yhqe}b zbj} ye}hjhye}ho/

]fb ahomholz a }fb z}rmx |hkk fbky oe}hoek eom blhoek er}fh}hbz gecbgb hoagbm ykhjx'bke}bm eom z}e}blhj mbjhzhoz ho mb}bghohol }fbgz} baahjhbo} |ez}b geoelbgbo} zxz}bg ho }fb kjek jo}bv}+ ho yhh}h~hol}be}gbo} }xybz+ eom ho mb}bghohol }fb gbezrbz obbmbm } zryy} }fbhgykbgbo}e}ho a zrjf hoh}he}hqbz/ Gecb} ybe}z &hojkrmhol jgyeohbz }fe}

jkkbj}+ ferk+ eom bjqb |ez}b(+ ez |bkk ez y}bo}hek hoqbz}z+ |hkk ahom rzbarkhoage}ho o }fb aej}z lqbohol ynbj} bjoghjz eom }fb jfhjb a|ez}b }be}gbo} z}e}blhbz/


7/24


2gj zm | gl> `yy}roh}hbz a trzzhe

]fb qkrgb a GZ\ ho trzzhe fez dbbo z}bemhkx hojbezhol ho bjbo} xbez>ejjmhol } eqehkedkb me}e+ gb }feo =6 ghkkho gb}hj }oz a GZ\ |ezlbobe}bm ho 4959 h/b/+ gb }feo ::9 chklegz yb jeyh}e yb xbe/ ]fhz hzzhlohahjeo}kx k|b }feo }fb BRz lbobe}ho e}b a 259 chklegz+ dr} grjffhlfb }feo trzzhez |o lbobe}ho e}b ho 4999/ H} hz bvybj}bm }fe} dx 4942GZ\ lbobe}ho ho trzzhe |hkk bejf =29 } 299 chklegz yb jeyh}e yb xbe+ gb }feo 19 ghkkho gb}hj }oz a GZ\ eoorekkx/ E} ybzbo}+ erom82 ybjbo} a ekk GZ\ hz zbo} a mhzyzek> e zh}re}ho |fhjf+ hobqh}edkx+ fezl t m jj juj/

Gb }feo 69 ybjbo} a keomahkk zh}bz jegb ho} bvhz}bojb gb }feo 49 xbezel> |fhkb }fhz qehbz ejjmhol } kje}ho+ :9 tj m jtt t mtm/ ]vhj zrdz}eojbz ejjrgrke}b ho e keomahkk+ hoahk}e}hol}fb zhk eom lrom|e}b eom ykkr}hol }fb eh/ ]fhz jeo feqb e orgdb a zf}'}bg baabj}z &zrjf ez jgdrz}ho eom keomahkk ahbz( ez |bkk ez kol'}bg hgyej}z&mbjbezbm dhmhqbzh}x+ zhk ab}hkh}x eom feg } frgeo fbek}f(/

5( ]FB HGY`t]EOJB À E G`tB BAAHJHBO] GZ\GEOELBGBO] ZXZ]BG

Jrttbo} |ez}b geoelbgbo} ytej}hjbz ho Trzzhe etb

tbz`rtjb'hobaahjhbo} eom tbzrk} ho oble}hqb boqhtògbo}ek

hgyej}z/ \fhkb BR Gbgdbt Z}e}bz tbj`qbt+ ò eqbtelb+ ry

}` 19 ybtjbo} à GZ\+ Trzzhez |ez}b tbj`qbtx te}b hz obetkx

~bt`/ Ha }fhz }tbom jò}horbz+ Trzzhe |hkk obbm }` m`rdkb h}z

GZ\ mhzy`zek jeyejh}x ho 59 }` 52 xbetz/

Alt 5> gz| ho TrzzheCbx Me}e

= 999

`ybt}`thattjt>?29" dzkb}b

? = 999l/ t ? 59 f

:9 do }

e a ?


8/24


Ho 4959+ Trzzhe lbobte}bmg`tb }feo =6 ghkkhògb}thj }òz à grohjhyek

z`khm |ez}b/ Et`rom 82ybtjbo} à ekk GZ\ |ezzbo} a`t mhzy`zek/

E} ytbzbo}+ ry }` :9ybtjbo} à |ez}b mhzy`zek

aejhkh}hbz ho tblhòz}ft`rlf`r} }fb j`ro}txm` o`} gbb} zeoh}etxtburhtbgbo}z+ eombvyeozhò `yy`t}roh}hbzetb zbqbtbkx khgh}bm/


9/24


`yy}roh}hbz a trzzhe

]fb zh~b a gz} keomahkk zh}bz &geox jqbhol gb }feo 59 fbj}ebz( bvejbde}bz}fbzb hgyej}z/ Ho }}ek+ aahjhek bz}hge}bz homhje}b }fe} qb :4 dhkkho gb}hj }oza GZ\ eb ejjrgrke}bm e} keomahkk zh}bz/ ]fb bgehohol jeyejh}x a keomahkkzhz bz}hge}bm } db+ o eqbelb+ db}|bbo :9 eom :2 ybjbo}> }fhz gbeoz }fe}

4942 T c m m jj jjmltl a / ]fb jrbo} e}b e} |fhjf ob| jeyejh}x hz jbe}bmm t f tj tjm /]fhz jfekkbolb hz jgyrombm dx }fb aej} }fe} db}|bbo 29 eom eomho}boe}hoek dbz} yej}hjb |rkm zrllbz} laj at gz|tjt/ Ho }fb Roh}bm Z}e}bz+ a bvegykb+ ry } =9 ybjbo} a ekk grohjhyek

|ez}b hz bjqbbm3 BR Gbgdb Z}e}bz }xyhjekkx bjqb erom 19 ybjbo} agrohjhyek |ez}beolhol ag 42:9 ybjbo} ho }fb J~bjf tbyrdkhj+ Zkqeche+eom Ykeom } 8288 ybjbo} ho Erz}he+ Dbklhrg+ eom Z|h}~bkeom/ ] emmbzz}fb jfekkbolbz eom yy}roh}hbz a db}}b GZ\ |ez}b geoelbgbo} eombjqbx ho trzzhe }fb akk|hol urbz}hoz grz} db eoz|bbm/

&h( \fe} GZ\ geoelbgbo} zxz}bg |rkm db dbz} zrh}bm } trzzhe0 \fe}hoh}he}hqbz eb objbzzex } gecb }fb jrbo} GZ\ geoelbgbo} zxz}bgarkkx baahjhbo}0

&hh( \fe} e}b a |ez}b bjqbx hz ejfhbqedkb ho trzzhe0 \fe} }bjfoklhbz eomeyyejfbz jrkm abezhdkx db emy}bm }frlfr} }fb jro}x0

&hhh( \fe} zybjhahj gbezrbz grz} db emy}bm dx lqbogbo} elbojhbz e} qehrzkbqbkzh/b/+ kjek+ grohjhyek+ eom abmbek+ ez |bkk ez zbqhjb yqhmbz eom }fbz}ecbfkmbz0 \fe} ghlf} db }fb hgyej} a }fbzb o }fb |hmb GZ\ zbj}0

Alt 4> J`gyeTe}hqb gz| LbobTe}h`o eoM TbJ`qbTx Te}bz

ztj> Brz}e}+ HAJ+ tzz}e}/

trzzhe

59"

9"

49"

:9"

=9"

29"

19"


10/24


Eo baabj}hqb |ez}b geoelbgbo} zxz}bg }xyhjekkx bvfhdh}z }| cjftjtj>

&h( }fb bvhz}bojb a z}e}blhj yhh}hbz eom }elb}z ho |ez}b geoelbgbo}3 eom&hh( }fb jkbe eom baabj}hqb bz}edkhzfgbo} a yqhmbz+ }bjfoklhbz+ eom

gb}fmklhbz a zkhm |ez}b }be}gbo} eyyyhe}b } }fb ebe rombgeoelbgbo}/

Qehrz y}hoz a zkhm |ez}b geoelbgbo} ho trzzhe feqb dbbo gmbkbm/ ]fhzezzbzzgbo} |ez dezbm o bvybhbojb ho BR Gbgdb Z}e}bzbvybhbojb ho }fbzbjro}hbz dbhol e yej}hjek dbojfgec a e orgdb a bezoz>

h( }bomz ho jozrgb eom homrz}x dbfeqh ho trzzhe eb zhghke } }fzb ho }fbgen BR bjoghbz3 eom

hh( trzzhez kelbz} rdeo ebez+ ho |fhjf }fb lbe}bz} qkrgbz a |ez}b eblbobe}bm+ eb zhghke } }fzb ho BR Gbgdb Z}e}bz ho }bgz a yyrke}hombozh}x+ homrz}x+ eom jggbjb/

]fb cbx z}e}blhj yhh}x ho BR Gbgdb Z}e}bz hz }fb zrz}ehoedhkh}xa f

l / ]fhz hz ejfhbqbm dx>

&h( yqhmhol }fb yyrke}ho |h}f ejjbzz } urekh}x |ez}b geoelbgbo} zbqhjbz&jkkbj}ho eom ferkelb(3

&hh( bozrhol }fb boqhogbo}ekkx zeab }be}gbo} a ekk }xybz a |ez}b3 eom&hhh( bjqbhol qekredkb bzrjbz eom boblx } bmrjb qkrgbz a mhzyzek+

eom dx eqhmhol }fb rzb a e| hoyr}z |fbb abezhdkb/

H} hz bzzbo}hek }fe} }fbzb jomh}hoz ekz db gb} ho trzzhe ha }fb jro}x hz } gqba|em ag h}z jrbo} zh}re}ho/ Jgykb}hol }fb ahz} a }fbzb z}elbz |rkmburhb trzzhe }>

4( ]FB `Y]HGRG \EZ]B GEOELBGBO] ZXZ]BG A`ttRZZHE

Trzzhe fez }|` ek}btoe}hqbz eqehkedkb }` h} ho e}}bgy}hol

}` hgyt`qb }fb zh}re}hò> e ltbe}bt a`jrz ò zrz}ehoedkb

mhzy`zek+ `t }fb em`y}hò à db}}bt |ez}b tbj`qbtx/

]fhz ke}}bt `y}hò j`rkm kbem }` e tbj`qbtx te}b à =9=2

ybtjbo} dx 4942+ |fhjf |`rkm tbmrjb mbgeom a`t ob|

keomahkk jeyejh}x dx 49:9 ybtjbo}/


11/24



&h( rylemb eom bv}bom bvhz}hol }rjc eom jo}ehob akbb}z oe}ho|hmb3&hh( hgykbgbo} baabj}hqb jo}k zxz}bgz &hojkrmhol }fb |bhlfhol a |ez}b+

emhe}ho goh}hol+ b}j/( qb hojghol |ez}b z}begz e} keomahkk zh}bz3 eom&hhh( romb}ecb }fb bfedhkh}e}ho eom zeoh}ex hgyqbgbo} a mhzyzek zh}bz

jrbo}kx ho y jomh}ho+ hojkrmhol arkk jkzrb |fbb objbzzex/

Hgykbgbo}hol }fbzb gbezrbz ho trzzhe m tut j m 56/2 + :/2 a fjf m mm f ltml m v a f tjc m jt a/

òjb }fbzb hoh}he}hqbz feqb dbbo hgykbgbo}bm h} |rkm }fbo db objbzzex }mbqbky kolb'}bg zkr}hoz a }fb rylemhol a }fb |ez}b geoelbgbo}zxz}bg/ Ez homhje}bm ho zbj}ho 4+ edqb+ qehrz mbqbkybm bjoghbz feqbemy}bm mhaabbo} |ez}b geoelbgbo} yhojhykbz } }fe} bomeom |fhkb }fbzbfeqb a}bo bzrk}bm ho qexhol |ez}b bjqbx e}bz+ }fb zegb kbqbk a fbek}f eom

boqhogbo}ek zeab}x fez+ demkx+ dbbo ezzrbm/

Ha trzzhe |bb } ajrz o }fb zeoh}ex }be}gbo} eom mhzyzek a GZ\+ earkkx t m jm fm 4942+ e} e jz} aeyyvhge}bkx::/2 / Zrjf e mhzyzek'hbo}bm zjboeh ezzrgbz }fbhgykbgbo}e}ho a em fj eom jrbo}kx zjfbmrkbm zgekk'zjekb bjqbxynbj}z+ |h}f bjqbx e}bz a ry } ahqb } zbqbo ybjbo}/ ]fb tc jt j a }fhz zjboeh |rkm egro} }:9:2 t &e} 4959yhjbz(/

ò }fb dezhz a bvybhbojb ho BR Gbgdb Z}e}bz+ }fb yhh}h~e}ho a |ez}b

bjqbx qb zeab mhzyzek hz mhqbo dx }| cbx aej}z>

&h( f a a tjtl t m tl ag zybjhahjaej}hoz+ ez |bkk ez bjqbx ynbj} bjoghjz3 eom

&hh( f t j a m} zjhb}x+ eom ho }bgz a kol'}bgboqhogbo}ek megelb/

Alt :> FhbTeTJFx À yTh`Th}hbz A`T zrz}ehoedkb |ez}b geoeLbgbo}

Ge}bthek tbj`qbtx&tbjxjkhol eom j`gy`z}hol(

Bobtlx tbj`qbtx

Mhzy`zek &keomahkkhol(

Tbmrj}hò

ztj> Yb}bzo+ J/+ Zbj} O}b => Jh}hbz eom Zkhm \ez}b+ ho> Ho}boe}hoek Deoc a tbjoz}rj}hoeom Mbqbkygbo}\km Deoc Lry+ Mez}r+ E/+ Gaae}}+ Z/+ Zr~rch+ F/+ eom Xedrch+ O/&4998(+ Bjklhjek Jh}hbz ez Bjoghj Jh}hbz/


12/24


Jrttbo} ejjrgrke}bmkeomahkk |ez}b ho Trzzhe hzbo`rlf }` kèm }fb ]teoz'

Zhdbtheo tehktèm }` arkkjeyejh}x a`t 4+=99 xbetz/

]fb bz}edkhzfgbo}à e g`mbto |ez}b

geoelbgbo} zxz}bgho Trzzhe |`rkm tburhtbjeyh}ek bvybomh}rtb hobvjbzz à jrttbo} eoorekhoqbz}gbo} ho ahvbm hoyr}zho }fb }teozy`t}e}hò eom

j`ggrohje}hòz zbj}`tz/


13/24



A }fbzb bezoz bjqbx }elb}z eb mb}bghobm dx }fb BrybeoJgghzzho+ |h}f jro}hbz eom zrd'oe}hoek bo}h}hbz bzyozhdkb a boedkholynbj}z eom }bjfoklhbz }fe} aejhkh}e}b }fb arkahkkgbo} a zrjf }elb}z/ ]fhz hzjozhz}bo} |h}f }fb kemmb yhojhykb+ e jb jgyobo} a |ez}b geoelbgbo}

ykhjhbz zhojb }fb 58

&h( |bkaeb eom jozrgy}ho ye}}boz+ ez |bkk ez drzhobzz eom jggbjhekej}hqh}x3

&hh( yyrke}ho zh~b eom mbozh}x &ye}hjrkekx ho rdeo ebez(3&hhh( }fb eqehkedhkh}x & zjejh}x( a keom3

&hq( mbgeom a zbjomex ge}bhekz eom boblx3&q( }fb z}eomem a yb'bvhz}hol }eozy} hoaez}rj}rb3 eom&qh( }fb aej}z &jkhge}b+ zbezoek jfeolbz+ b}j/(/

]echol }fb edqb aej}z ho} ejjro}+ ha trzzhe |bb } emy} e bjqbx'hbo}bm eyyejf } |ez}b geoelbgbo} o|+ f tl tjt t a =9tj jm jfm 4942/ Mhol z |rkm burhb=9/2 dr} }fhz |rkm+ ho }ro+ lbobe}b eo emmh}hoek4 t ag }fb zekb a bjqbbm ge}bhekz eom boblx/ ]fb dbecbqbo jz}yb jeyh}e romb }fhz zjboeh |rkm db zhghke } }fe} romb e mhzyzek'hbo}bmeyyejfh/b/+:9:2 t / Ho }fb |mz+ T jm m

l j fjf m lt t f lttj m tl ltt j t j f f j a m'tm tjf/

Alt => y`}bo}hek TbLh`oek gz| TbJ`qbTx z}Te}bLhbz & Jt }(

Gb}t`y`k}o tb a299+999 # ofd}o}>Tjt> :9'=9"&b/l/+ Oh~fox Oqlm+Zegee+ Bce}bhodrl(

@}fbt>Tjt> 59'49"&b/l/+ Dbklm+

Cz}ge+ Xezkeqk(

Trzzhe &}`}k(>

Tjt> =9'=2"JeybV> 54 dhkkho

G`j`|+z}/ Yb}btdtl>Tjt> 19'


14/24


h at tjf tjt jt &t+ mm+ (at jt m jj m lltfj mt T0 Ho zrjf e jezb h} ghlf} db gb eyyyhe}b } emy} ykhjhbz zybjhahj }}fb obbmz a homhqhmrek blhoek &gb}ykh}eo( jorde}hoz/ Ahlrb =+ dbk|

r}khobz }fbb je}blhbz a jorde}hoz a |fhjf ek}boe}hqb eyyejfbzghlf} db eyyyhe}b/

H} jeo db ezzrgbm }fe} gb}ykh}eo ebez zrjf ez }fzb jojbo}e}bm eromGzj| eom Z}/ Yb}bzdrl |hkk bonx fhlfb bjqbx e}bz+ |fhkb ho }fbzgekkbz} eom kbez} mbozbkx yyrke}bm ebez okx dezhj bjqbx }bjfoklhbzeb khcbkx } db hgykbgbo}bm/

]fhz gmbk hz dezbm o }fb }xyhjek eolbz &ho }bgz a jz} yb gb}hj }o(dzbqbm ho ynbj}z ho Brybeo Roho Gbgdb Z}e}bz eom+ gb bjbo}kx+ho trzzhe/ ]fb jz} yb gb}hj }o jeo qex jozhmbedkx &dx ry } }bo'akm(

mbybomhol o }fb }bjfoklx rzbmh/b/+ ag }fb k|bz}'jz} y}ho &dezhjghvbm'|ez}b bjqbx( } gb zyfhz}hje}bm }bjfoklhbz zrjf ez hojhobe}ho|h}f boblx eom fbe} bjqbx &zbb ]edkb 5+ dbk|(/

} a t jfuTjt t

&tl+ "(JeybV

&tl+ tj (

Ge}bhek bjqbx &ghvbm |ez}b( 2'49 599'429Ge}bhek bjqbx &zbyee}b jkkbj}hoa leohjz(

52':9 499':99

Ge}bhek bjqbx &grk}h'aej}hozbyee}b jkkbj}ho(

:9'=9 :99'=99

Ymrj}ho a dhlez ag dhgezz 49':9 :99'299

Jgyz}hol :9'=9 =99'199

\ez}b hojhobe}ho |h}f boblx eomfbe} bjqbx

69'62 699'5+499

} 5> J`gyeTe}hqb J`z}z eoM bAAhJhboJx A ek}bToe}hqb TbJ`qbTxz}Te}bLhbz

ztj> HAJ/

]fb aegb|c a gbezrbz a bejf a }fb jkrz}bz hz homhje}hqb> }fhz gmbkjeo db ahob'}robm } ejjggme}b ahbkm me}e a eox zybjhahj blho rdeojorde}ho/

]fb jz}z eom bjqbx e}bz a mhzyzek' eom bjqbx'hbo}bm z}e}blhbz ebr}khobm ho ]edkb 4+ dbk|/


15/24


5:gj zm | gl> `yy}roh}hbz a trzzhe

gt

zjt

M'ajm Tjt'ajm

Rylemb a jkkbj}ho eom mhzyzekhoaez}rj}rb & dhkkho(

56+2

Joz}rj}ho a ob| bjqbx aejhkh}hbz& dhkkho(

9. 54

Joz}rj}ho a ob| mhzyzek aejhkh}hbz& dhkkho(

52 59

}`}ek & brT( ::+2 =9+2

tbjqbx e}b dx 4942 2'


16/24

5= gj zm | gl> `yy}roh}hbz a trzzhe

Ejfhbqhol e tbj`qbtxte}b à =9'=2 ybtjbo} hoTrzzhe+ |`rkm tburhtb

hoqbz}gbo} ho }fb `tmbtà =9 dhkkhò/ ]fhz |`rkmtbmrjb mbgeom a`t ob|keomahkk jeyejh}x dx 49':9ybtjbo} eom lbobte}b ry}` 4 dhkkhò ho emmh}hòek

tbqborbz at`g }fb zekb àtbj`qbtbm ge}bthekz eombobtlx/


17/24



H} hz bqhmbo} }fe} }fb GZ\ geoelbgbo} zbj} hz e l|hol gecb}+ eom }fe}h} bybzbo}z zhlohahjeo} y}bo}hek a |ez}b bjqbx/ F|bqb+ } me}b okx

edr} :9 ybjbo} a }fb gecb} hz zbqbm dx yhqe}b ybe}zokx e ab| a|fhjf ybe}b ejzz mhaabbo} gb}ykh}eo ebez+ eom bqbo ab|b a |fhjfhgykbgbo} kelb'zjekb |ez}b bjqbx ynbj}z }fe} feqb eox hgyej} blhoekkx/\fhkb jrbo} kblhzke}ho o |ez}b geoelbgbo} hz romb bqhb| &|h}f ob|kblhzke}ho ho}bombm } ho}mrjb lbe}b hojbo}hqbz a |ez}b bjqbx(5+ oejjm fez xb} dbbo bejfbm o }fb zybjhahj gbezrbz }fe} grz} db }ecbo }baabj} }fhz/ Zxz}bghj jfeolb hz jh}hjek e} }fhz yho}/

]fb ydkbgz aejbm dx hoqbz}z ho |ez}b geoelbgbo} hoh}he}hqbz ho trzzhe aekkho} }| mhz}hoj} je}blhbzmt eom aj/

]fb mt zh}re}ho ho trzzhe |h}f blem } GZ\ hz jgyeedkb }}fe} aejbm dx zgb Bez}bo Brybeo jro}hbz ho }fb ke}b 5889z eom bekx4999z+ |fbo grohjhyekh}hbz z}rllkbm } jyb |h}f bqb hojbezhol |ez}bqkrgbz e} e }hgb |fbo }fb urekh}x eom aroj}hoekh}x a mhzyzek aejhkh}hbz lb|z}bemhkx |zb/ Ho gz} jezbz }fb ho}mrj}ho a zhlohahjeo} roybjbmbo}bm&ob'aa( }ehaa hojbezbz |ez o} abezhdkb+ eom blrke}ho ho ajb e} }fe}}hgb mhm o} ekk| a }fb }be}gbo} a |ez}b geoelbgbo} aejhkh}hbz eombzrjbz ez y}bo}hekkx bqborb'lbobe}hol z}rj}rbz &}frlf yrdkhjyhqe}bye}obzfhyz b}j/( ez ezzb}z elehoz} |fhjf ahoeojb jrkm db ehzbm/

:( BOZRtHOL G`tB BAAHJHBO] \EZ]B GEOELBGBO]HO tRZZHE

5 Abmbek Ke| O/ 68'A^ ò Ymrj}ho eom Jozrgy}ho \ez}b+emy}bm 4= Nrob 5886/ Mea} Ke| O/26=:88'2 ò Egbomgbo}z } }fb Abmbek Ke|ò Ymrj}ho eom Jozrgy}ho \ez}b hz jrbo}kxromb bqhb|/ Eqehkedkb e}> f}}y>ez~m4/mrge/lq/rgeho/oza&Zyeqce(0`yboElbo}!tO726=:88'2

Ho `tmbt }` rok`jc hoqbz}gbo} eom ythqe}b zbj}`t

ej}hqh}x+ zhlohahjeo} emghohz}te}hqb thzcz eom |bec

yt`nbj} bjò`ghjz feqb }` db tbj}hahbm/ H} hz bzzbo}hek

}` bz}edkhzf jkbet yt`ybt}x thlf}z `qbt |ez}b eom }`

bgy`|bt k`jek er}f`th}hbz eom`t j`ggroh}hbz }` ykex

e g`tb ej}hqb t`kb ho |ez}b geoelbgbo}/ ]ethaaz eom

yexgbo}z grz} db khocbm }` h}z ej}rek hgyej} ò }fb

boqhtògbo}/ Bv}bombm yt`mrjbt tbzyòzhdhkh}x |`rkm

ekz` z}hgrke}b }fb hoak`| à jeyh}ek ho }fhz zbj}`t/


18/24


\ez}b geoelbgbo} ho trzzhe hz lqbobm dx a t/ò ob feom+ h} hz qhb|bm+ ho kblhzke}hqb }bgz+ ez e j &t '( tj |fhkb+ o }fb }fb feom+ qehrz bo}h}hbz &hojkrmhol frzholgeoelbgbo} jgyeohbz eom homhqhmrek }boeo}z( feqb }fb hlf} } bo}b ho}

mm lt f jj m fl tj tmt a}fb yqhzho a zbqhjbz ho e jgyb}h}hqb boqhogbo}/ ]frz+ }fbb hz l jf+ atj+ m t tl ltl/ Eox y}bo}hek hoqbz} &hojkrmhol ob bo}bhol ho} e yrdkhjyhqe}bye}obzfhy( |rkm feqb } jmhoe}b }fb baa}z a zbqbek lryz a gecb}ykexbz/ E} }fb zegb }hgb+ }fbb hz l jf f matj jf l't lt+ ojb ejfhbqbm/

E }xyhjek gecb} gey hz r}khobm ho Ahlrb 2+ dbk|/ ]fb drxbzbkkbbke}hozfhy ho geox blhoz bybzbo}z e jkzbm jhjrh} eom mbkexz m jjr ho}fb edzbojb a jmhoe}bm ho}bqbo}ho o }fb ye} a qehrz bo}h}hbz/

Alt 2> geTCb} gey &JrTTbo} zh}re}hò(

k`Jeker}F`Th}hbz

y`}bo}hek hoqbz}`TzyT`nbJ}z zyòz`Tz

Ykeooholeomgòh}`tholà ej}hqh}hbz

F`km'ry

Tblhòek yt`ltegzeom hoh}he}hqbz

|ez}b`ybTe}`Tz

Mhtbj} jò}tej}holelehoz} yexgbo} ybt }ethaa

}boeo}z

eoM drzhobzzbz

ztj> HAJ/

]fb hzcz ehzhol ag mbkexz eom oo'ybageojb eb }fb geho bezoz |fxyhqe}b hoqbz}z eb bkrj}eo} } bo}b yrdkhjyhqe}b ye}obzfhyz ho }fb |ez}bgeoelbgbo} zbj}+ bqbo |fbb e zhlohahjeo} yy}ho a }fb hzc hz dobdx }fb bkbqeo} grohjhyekh}x & }fb kjek er}fh}x(/


19/24


5 `yy}roh}hbz a trzzhe

Aj eb jkzbkx bke}bm } }ehaa kbqbkz eom }fb |ex }fe} }fbzb ebblrke}bm/ ]fb akk|hol hzzrbz ybzhz}>

&h( }be}gbo} eom mhzyzek }ehaaz eb eyyqbm dx zrd'oe}hoek er}fh}hbz o

e jz} ykrz dezhz &zrdnbj} } z}hj} jz} jo}kz+ ye}hjrkekx a qrkobedkbyyrke}hozJEYBV mbybjhe}ho jeo feqb zbqbb hgykhje}hoz ho }fhzjo}bv} ha gen jeyh}ek bardhzfgbo} hz boqhzelbm( |fhkb jkkbj}ho eomferkelb }ehaaz eb zb} o e jgyb}h}hqb dezhz3

&hh( a e zhlohahjeo} yy}ho a bom'rzbz &hojkrmhol d}f jggbjhekbo}h}hbz eom mgbz}hj bzhmbo}z( }ehaaz eb o} khocbm } }fb ej}rek qkrgbz }xybz a |ez}b lbobe}bm3 eom

&hhh( }ehaaz ebkx hojkrmb ekk|eojbz } jqb }fb jz} a ar}rb bgbmhe}ho aboqhogbo}ek hgyej}z/

]fhz zh}re}ho bzrk}z ho }ehaaz dbhol hgyzbm e} e kbqbk zaaj

tm j tj &|fhjf jeo a}bo db zrd'z}eomem(+ |h}f o jeyejh}xa jeyh}ek hoqbz}gbo} }fb gh}hle}ho a ar}rb boqhogbo}ek hgyej}z/

H} hz a}bo o} yzzhdkb a flft a zhojb }fb zbqhjbzyqhmbm eb mbbgbm dx geox a }fb kjek lqbogbo} er}fh}hbz bzyozhdkba }ehaa ykhjx } db zjhekkx zhlohahjeo} eom }frz zrdnbj} } z}hj} blrke}hoeom yhjb jo}kz/ Jtj tj ynbj}z }bom } db hgykbgbo}bmokx ho }fzb zbj}z &zrjf ez yejcelhol( |h}f flf mm azbjomex bzrjbz/ Bqbo fbb+ f|bqb+ }ecb'ry jeo db k|> bqbo |fbbyeyb eom jemdem yejcelhol hz jkkbj}bm ho h}z bo}hb}x ag b}ehkb r}kb}zeom |ebfrzbz &}fb jrbo} z|bb} zy}z a jkkbj}ho( }fb qkrgbz jkkbj}bm

}xyhjekkx jgyhzb okx 59 ybjbo} a }}ek qkrgbz a }fhz }xyb a |ez}b/

5/ geTCb} J``TMhoe}h`o gbJFeohzg/

Bvybhbojb ho BR Gbgdb Z}e}bz fez yqbm }fb baahjhbojx a hgykbgbo}hol }fbzholkb elbo} yhojhykb/ Romb }fhz yhojhykb+ e zholkb elbo} & e khgh}bm lry(

hz bgy|bbm } ej} o dbfeka a e jggroh}x ez e drxb a |ez}b geoelbgbo}zbqhjbz/ Ho trzzhe h} hz oe}rek a zrd'oe}hoek eom ho}b'grohjhyek bo}h}hbz }dbjgb zrjf elbo}z zhojb }fbzb |o qh}rekkx ekk a }fb mhzyzek hoaez}rj}rb} db rylembm/ Zrjf zholkb elbo} hz }fbo mbbgbm } db bzyozhdkb a}fb hgykbgbo}e}ho a jgyb}h}hqb dhmmhol a hoaez}rj}rb rylembz+ ajgyb}h}hqb dhmmhol a }fb yqhzho a jkkbj}ho eom ferkelb zbqhjbz+ eoma }fb goh}hol eom emghohz}e}ho a jezf ak|z/ `ojb }fb yhqe}b zbj}dbjgbz gb ej}hqb+ eom dbholz } aab gb }ehkbm |ez}b geoelbgbo}zkr}hoz } zybjhahj lryz a bom'rzbz+ |ez}b geoelbgbo} ezzjhe}hozdblho } mbqbky eom+ hojbezholkx+ lqbo }fhz yjbzz &ho e zhghke geoob }}fb kb jrbo}kx ykexbm dx frzhol geoelbgbo} ezzjhe}hoz ho }fb bzhmbo}hekzbj}(/ ]fb arkk }eozyebojx a eox zholkb elbo} &ho }bgz a h}z ej}hqh}hbz eomer}fh}x(+ ez |bkk ez jkbe yjbmrbz lqbohol }fb }bgz a h}z ybe}hoz+ ebjrjhek } }fb zrjjbzz a zrjf gecb} jmhoe}ho gbjfeohzg+ f|bqb/

Gbezrbz Objbzzex } qbjgb Jrbo} Emghohz}e}hqbeom Ahoeojhek Hzzrbz


20/24


4/ }eThAA zb}}hoL gbJFeohzg/Khochol }ehaaz } qkrgbz eom }xybz a |ez}b jeo db ejfhbqbm dx ho}mrjholyex'ez'xr'}f| }ehaaz+ hojkrmhol yb'yehm delz+ dvbz+ eom z}hjcbz adrkcx |ez}b/ Lhqbo }fb ybyombeojb a grk}h'aeghkx frzhol ho trzzhe+f|bqb+ zrjf e zxz}bg |rkm db e} zbqbb hzc a oo'yexgbo} eom edrzb+eom |rkm burhb jozhmbedkb hoqbz}gbo} ho boajbgbo}/ Oob}fbkbzz+}fbb hz bqhmbojb } zrllbz} }fe} }fb mbqbkygbo} a zbyee}b jkkbj}hozeom hojbezbm e|ebobzz a bzyozhdkb |ez}b mhzyzek eom bjxjkhol jeokbem } zxz}bgz dbjghol gb baahjhbo} eom ekk|hol a e} kbez} e ye}hekkhoc db}|bbo jozrgy}ho ye}}boz eom yexgbo}z a |ez}b jkkbj}ho &|h}f|bkaeb }fb zrdzhmhbz gemb eqehkedkb |fbb eyyyhe}b(/

:/ |ez}b TbJ`qbTx hoJbo}hqbz/

Eo baahjhbo} |ex a gechol |ez}b bjqbx gb e}}ej}hqb } }fb gecb}hz } hojkrmb ekk mhbj} eom bke}bm jz}z ho }fb yhjb a mhzyzek/ ]fhz jeo dbhgykbgbo}bm }frlf }fb hgyzh}ho a boqhogbo}ek jfelbz eom }fbarkk yhjhol yhojhykb/ ]fb agb eb ekbemx dbhol rzbm |h}f blem }homrz}hek |ez}b ho trzzhe+ ho }fb ag a jgyboze}ho a }fb oo'bgbmhedkbboqhogbo}ek hgyej}z a keomahkk/ Boqhogbo}ek jfelbz jeo ekz dbz}rj}rbm } hojkrmb e jgyobo} } lbobe}b jbo}ek aromz } emmbzz }fbydkbg a ejjrgrke}bm |ez}b+ blemkbzz a kje}ho/

Arkk yhjhol gbeoz }fb hojkrzho o} nrz} a }fb olhol bvybozbz a zeoh}exybe}ho+ dr} ekz jz}z bke}hol } }fb jkzrb eom bfedhkh}e}ho a zybjhahjzh}bz/

k`Jek er}F`Th}hbz|ez}b geoeLbgbo}ezz`Jhe}hò

y`yrke}hòeoM J`ggbTJb zbTqhJb

yT`qhMbTz

Ategb|`tczbtqhjbeltbbgbo}

Yexgbo}elehoz} }ethaa

Zbtqhjb/YYYetteolbgbo}z

Yexgbo} a`tzbtqhjbz

\ez}b

Alt 1> y`}bo}hek geTCb} `TLeoh~e}hò }FT`rLF e J``TMhoe}hoLeLboJx

ztj> HAJ/

E y}bo}hek gecb} jmhoe}ho zjfbgb hz r}khobm ho Ahlrb 1+ dbk|/


21/24



\h}f blem } trzzhe+ e jgdhoe}ho a d}f boqhogbo}ek jfelbz eom arkkyhjhol |rkm eyybe } db }fb gz} baahjhbo} zkr}ho a aeh yhjhol/ Zrjfe jgdhoe}ho |rkm hojbo}hqh~b zbqhjb yqhmbz eom hoqbz}z } zbbc gbjz}'baahjhbo} zkr}hoz a |ez}b geoelbgbo}+ ho e jgyb}h}hqb boqhogbo}/

=/ gbJFeohzgz A`T yThqe}b zbJ}`T boLeLbgbo} eoM AhoeoJhoL/

Homrz}hek zryykx jfehoz eb bzzbo}hek ykexbz ho }fb |ez}b geoelbgbo} gecb}ejzz }fb lkdb/ ]fb cbx } bolelhol }fbzb ho trzzhe |rkm db }frlf }fbbv}bombm ymrjb bzyozhdhkh}x yhojhykb &BYt(/ ]fhz yhojhykb bzzbo}hekkxdkhlbz ymrjbz } jfeoobk zkm lmz a }be}gbo} e} }fb bom a }fbkhabjxjkb/ ]fhz jeo db ybagbm dx eo homhqhmrek leoh~e}ho & e lry(+ mbkble}bm } yabzzhoek zbqhjb yqhmbz &}frlf ho}bgbmhehbz( o ejfelbedkb dezhz/ H} hz bz}hge}bm }fe} hgykbgbo}e}ho a }fhz yhojhykb ho trzzhejrkm jqb ry } :9 ybjbo} a }be}gbo} jz}z3 bqborb ag bjxjkedkbz|rkm o} bvjbbm 5952 ybjbo}/ E} }fb zegb }hgb+ }fb yhjb a zrjf lmz

|rkm o} hojbezb zhlohahjeo}kx/

|ez}b`ybTe}`Tz

JòzrgbTzÀ TbJ`qbTbMge}bThekzeoM bobTLx

LTbbo M`}`TLeoh~e}hò

yT`MrJbThgy`T}bT

boM'rzbTz J``TMhoe}hòeLboJx

Tbqborb

]ethaa'dezbmyexgbo}z

Yexgbo}zYt`y`t}hòek zfetbà yexgbo}z

YejcelholBkbj}tòhjburhygbo}De}}bthbz eomejjrgrke}`tzKhlf} drkdz

Jò}tej}rekeltbbgbo}za`t zbtqhjbz

]ecbdejc /J`qbtelbà bvybozbz

59'52"

=2'12"

42':9"

Alt hkkrz}Te}hò À }Fb bV}boMbM yT`MrJbT Tbzyòzhdhkh}x yThoJhykb

ztj> HAJ/


22/24


Ahlrb bvybhbojb ho Brybeo RohoGbgdb Z}e}bz zrllbz}z }fe} }fb jz}z a baabj}hqb e|ebobzz ehzhol ho }fhzzbj} jeo db ez grjf ez ahqb ybjbo} a }}ek jeyh}ek bvybomh}rb/


23/24


24/24

hAj ho Trzzhe

:15 dkf gkjfqc545918 gjyf> #&< =82( =55 #&< =82( =55

municipal solid waste management: opportunities for russia - summary of key findings

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