revolutions in russia & totalitarian russia

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Revolutions in Russia & Totalitarian Russia Chapter 30 Sections 1 & 2

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Revolutions in Russia & Totalitarian Russia. Chapter 30 Sections 1 & 2. I the Revolution. Alexander III rules in autocracy – gov’t in which he holds complete control Strict censorship codes to get rid of revolutionaries Secret pol. Opened letters/monitored schools - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Revolutions in Russia & Totalitarian Russia

Revolutions in Russia & Totalitarian Russia

Chapter 30 Sections 1 & 2

Page 2: Revolutions in Russia & Totalitarian Russia

I the Revolution •Alexander III rules in autocracy – gov’t in

which he holds complete control• Strict censorship codes to get rid of

revolutionaries• Secret pol. Opened letters/monitored

schools•Oppressed minority groups to create

uniform Russian culture• Jews were target pogroms = organized

violence against Jews•Alexander III dies Nicholas II takes over

Page 3: Revolutions in Russia & Totalitarian Russia

• Nicholas continues autocracy but Russia industrial power grows• Trans-Siberian Railway = worlds longest continuous

rail line• Growing industry was hardest on Russians

working class discontent• Work conditions & income gap

• Russian Marxists – overthrow czar by industrial working class w/ workers ruling• Split into 2 groups Bolsheviks wanted smaller #

of revolutionaries committed to sacrifice everything for radical change

• Bolshevik leader = Vladamir Lenin

Page 4: Revolutions in Russia & Totalitarian Russia

• Shortages of bread and fuel a general uprising = March Revolution• Czar Nicholas II steps down

• Estab. Provisional gov’t Soviets set up• Local councils consisting of workers, peasants,

& soldiers•Germans send the exiled Lenin to Russia to

hurt their war effort Bolshevik Revolution• Redistributed farmland to peasants & workers

control factory• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk leads to anger in

Russia and discontent w/ Bolshevik gov’t

Page 5: Revolutions in Russia & Totalitarian Russia

• Russians faced losses to Germany & an enemy at home = White Army Civil War• Massive loss of life, hunger, & flu epidemic

Russian in chaos• Red Army (Bolsheviks) win & Lenin launches

New Economic Policy (NEP) in order to restore order• Small scale capitalism – peasants can sell surplus

crops instead of having to turn it over to gov’t BUT still kept control over major industries

• Various nationalities in Russia was threat to communist goal of unity org. of Russia into several self-governing republics under the central gov’t• USSR = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Page 6: Revolutions in Russia & Totalitarian Russia

• New capital is Moscow• Rename their political party to the Communist Party• Came from Karl Marx’s belief that “communism” would be the classless society

after the workers took control• Estab. Communist dictatorship• After his death he left vacuum for power and struggle for control of the

party

Page 7: Revolutions in Russia & Totalitarian Russia

II Stalin Takes Power• Joseph Stalin (man of steel in Russian)

took command of communist party •While Lenin promoted worldwide

communist rev. Stalin focused on Russian dev.

• Stalin would transform the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state• Gov’t that takes total control over every

aspect of public and private life• Stalin’s econ policy called for a

command econ to replace NEP (Lenin)• Gov’t makes all economic decisions

Page 8: Revolutions in Russia & Totalitarian Russia

III Stalin’s 5 Year Plan A. Industrial Revolution

• Set impossibly high production goals for industry• Bonuses to those who achieved goals and

punishment for those who did not•Gov’t limited production of consumer

goods to reach quotas suffering of ppl•Made life difficult for ppl but increased

economy of country

Page 9: Revolutions in Russia & Totalitarian Russia

B. An Agricultural Revolution • Agricultural rev as successful as industrial rev. but

more brutal• Gov’t seized private farms and combined them

into collective farms• Farms owned and operated by peasants to produce

food for the state• Some people resisted collectivization by killing

animals and ruining farm equipment• Strongest resistance among the Kulaks- wealthy

farming class• Thousands of Kulaks and other peasants were

executed or sent to work camps• Brutal but doubled wheat production

Page 10: Revolutions in Russia & Totalitarian Russia

C. The Great Purge •All opposition was eliminated by

fear & terror• Critics were sent to the Gulag- system

of brutal labor camps where many died

•Paranoid that rival parties were plotting against him The Great Purge• Campaign of terror against any

opposition• “show trials” communist leaders

confessed after tortured & fams threatened• 8 – 13 mil. deaths

Page 11: Revolutions in Russia & Totalitarian Russia

• Totalitarian states depend on indoctrination in order to get ppl to buy into the gov’t• Used propaganda – biased

information used to sway ppl to accept certain beliefs• Socialist realism = artistic style

whose sole goal was to show Soviet life in positive way

•Attacked religion • Indoctrinated school children