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TRANSCRIPT
METRICS MATTER:
Exploring the Performance of
Single Family Homes Using
Energy and Carbon Metrics
Margaret Pigman
2
Energy Carbon
Annual, flat multiplier
- Site- Source - Annual average
Hourly or sub-hourly multiplier
- Time dependent valuation (TDV)
- Average- Marginal
METRICS
3
HOURLY CARBON & TDV2019 Marginal Carbon
Jan Apr Jul Oct0
5
10
15
20
Hour
0e+00 4e−04 8e−04
tCO2 / kWh
2019 TDV − CZ 12
Jan Apr Jul Oct
1e+06 2e+06
TDV / kWh
Source: E3, “2019 Avoided Cost Calculator”
4
ALL ELECTRIC VS MIXED FUELSingle Family, 2019 Prescriptive Packages
Sacramento (CZ 12) Oakland (CZ 3) Sacramento (CZ 12) Oakland (CZ 3)
Site
Marginal G
HGAverage G
HG
2019 TDV
AllElectric
MixedFuel
AllElectric
MixedFuel
AllElectric
MixedFuel
AllElectric
MixedFuel
0
5000
10000
15000
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
0e+00
1e+08
2e+08
Gas Electricity
Annual Consumption by Metric and Climate Zone
Energy and TDV GHG
5
SITE ENERGY VS CARBONSingle Family, 2019 All Electric Prescriptive Package, CZ 12
Winter Average Temp Winter Min Temp Spring Average Temp
Summer Average Temp Summer Max Temp Fall Average Temp
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Hour
Shar
e of
Max
imum
Val
ue
Site Energy
Average Carbon
Winter Average Temp Winter Min Temp Spring Average Temp
Summer Average Temp Summer Max Temp Fall Average Temp
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Hour
Shar
e of
Max
imum
Val
ue
Site Energy
Average Carbon
2019 Marginal Carbon
6
SITE ENERGY VS CARBONSingle Family, 2019 All Electric Prescriptive Package, CZ 12
Winter Average Temp Winter Min Temp Spring Average Temp
Summer Average Temp Summer Max Temp Fall Average Temp
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Hour
Shar
e of
Max
imum
Val
ue
Site Energy
Average Carbon
2019 Marginal Carbon
2029 Marginal Carbon
7
SITE ENERGY VS CARBONSingle Family, 2019 All Electric Prescriptive Package, CZ 12
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R2 = 0.61
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0 20 40 60Site Energy (kWh / day)
2019
Mar
gina
l Car
bon
(tCO
2 / d
ay)
colour●
SummerJun−Aug
8
DAILY SITE VS 2019 MARGINALSingle Family, 2019 All Electric Prescriptive Package, CZ 12
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R2 = 0.61
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0 20 40 60Site Energy (kWh / day)
2019
Mar
gina
l Car
bon
(tCO
2 / d
ay)
colour●
SummerJun−Aug
9
DAILY SITE VS 2019 MARGINALSingle Family, 2019 All Electric Prescriptive Package, CZ 12
~2x carbon, Equal site energy
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R2 = 0.61
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0 20 40 60Site Energy (kWh / day)
2019
Mar
gina
l Car
bon
(tCO
2 / d
ay)
●
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WinterDec−Feb
SpringMar−May
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FallSep−Nov
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R2 = 0.61
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0 20 40 60Site Energy (kWh / day)
2019
Mar
gina
l Car
bon
(tCO
2 / d
ay)
●
●
●
●
●
WinterDec−Feb
SpringMar−May
SummerJun−Aug
FallSep−Nov
10
DAILY SITE VS 2019 MARGINALSingle Family, 2019 All Electric Prescriptive Package, CZ 12
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R2 = 0.61
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0 20 40 60Site Energy (kWh / day)
2019
Mar
gina
l Car
bon
(tCO
2 / d
ay)
●
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●
WinterDec−Feb
SpringMar−May
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0.00
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0 20 40 60Site Energy (kWh / day)
2019
Mar
gina
l Car
bon
(tCO
2 / d
ay)
●
●
●
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●
WinterDec−Feb
SpringMar−May
SummerJun−Aug
FallSep−Nov
11
DAILY SITE VS 2019 MARGINALSingle Family, 2019 All Electric Prescriptive Package, CZ 12
0
5
10
15
20
Jan Mar Jun Sep Dec
Hour
0e+00
2e−04
4e−04
6e−04
8e−04tCO2 / kWh
12
R2 All Electric Mixed Fuel
Average Carbon 0.74 0.99
2019 Marginal Carbon 0.61 0.85
2029 Marginal Carbon 0.53 0.92
DAILY SITE ENERGY VS CARBONSingle Family, 2019 Prescriptive Packages, CZ 12
Correlation between site energy and
13
DAILY SITE VS 2019 MARGINALSingle Family, 2019 All Electric Prescriptive Package, CZ 12
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
0 5 10 15 20Hour
Shar
e of
Max
imum
Val
ue
Site Energy
April 18
July 6
Site energy equal
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
0 5 10 15 20Hour
Shar
e of
Max
imum
Val
ue
Site Energy
2019 Marginal Carbon
April 18
July 6
14
DAILY SITE VS 2019 MARGINALSingle Family, 2019 All Electric Prescriptive Package, CZ 12
Site energy equal
Marginal carbon 1.9x as much
April 27
June 13
Site Energy
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
0 5 10 15 20Hour
Shar
e of
Max
imum
Val
ue
15
DAILY SITE VS 2019 MARGINALSingle Family, 2019 All Electric Prescriptive Package, CZ 12
Site energy equal
April 27
June 13
Site Energy
2019 Marginal Carbon
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
0 5 10 15 20Hour
Shar
e of
Max
imum
Val
ue
16
DAILY SITE VS 2019 MARGINALSingle Family, 2019 All Electric Prescriptive Package, CZ 12
Site energy equal
Marginal carbon 2x as much
REFERENCES AND NOTES
• Marginal carbon emissions factors are from E3’s 2019 Avoided Cost Calculator, https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/General.aspx?id=5267
• Average carbon emissions are draft long-run values from the CEC.
• Energy modeling was done with CBECC-res 2019.
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