Mediterranean Civilization

Rome: From Monarchy

to Republic to empire

Mediterranean Civilization

--Founded in the 8th

century at the mouth of the Tiber River.--Founded near a group of hills called the Palatine.--The Latini were an

agricultural and pastoral group

--Rome was founded by the sons of Mars--Romulus and Remus raised by wolves were directed to build Rome in Latium (Seven vultures fly

around seven times near seven hills)

--Romulus kills Remus, Rome bears his name

RomE Fact VS. Fiction

Mediterranean Civilization

Romulus and Remus

Mediterranean Civilization

Seven Hills of Rome

Mediterranean CivilizationThe Story of Romulus and Remus

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wA1D9wd29jI

Mediterranean CivilizationEarly Settlements in Italy

South—Settled by Greeks, areas include Campagnia, Apulia and Sicily

North—settled by the Gauls (Celtic origins). They occupied the Po River Valley. They were taken over by the Etruscans.

Mediterranean CivilizationRoyal Period (753-510 B.C.)

Seven Kings of RomeRomulus

Numa PompiliusTullus HostiliusAncus MarciusTarquin PriscusServius Tullius

Tarquin the Proud

Mediterranean CivilizationThe Roman Republic (509—133 B.C.)

Tarquin the Proud loses power in 509 B.C. He isoverthrown by Junius Brutus. As a result a republicis formed officials are elected.

Roman SocietyPatricians—wealthy landowners

Plebieans—farmers, trades people and craftworkers. They made up 90% of thepopulation.

Mediterranean CivilizationRoman Government

Consuls—two elected Patricians for one year. Responsibilities

--initiated legislation--served as head of the judiciary and

military--served as chief priest to the nation

Limitations--only served for one year--had veto power, could veto the other--had to serve on the Senate after their

term

Mediterranean CivilizationRoman Government

Magistrates—assisted Consuls

Proconsuls—Consuls whose terms in office wereextended because of military campaigns

Quaestors—two financial officers, determiningproperty values for taxes

Praetor—judicial official

Mediterranean CivilizationRoman Government

Censor—drew up the roll of citizens and fixedtheir tax status. The job of censor went toformer consuls. They were the least corruptible.They had the power to dismiss Senators.

Senate—Consuls appointed members ofsenate for life terms

Assembly of Tribes—protected the rights of theplebeians and had veto power

Mediterranean CivilizationStruggle of the Orders

The Patrician class attempting to hold onto power while thePlebeians attempted to achieve social and political equality.

Plebeians Patricians90% 10% --produced the food --wealthy --supplied labor --ran government --supplied soldiers --controlled the economy

The Plebeians withdrew from society in 494 B.C. to theSacred Mount and formed the Tribal Assembly.

Mediterranean CivilizationTribal Assembly

--Headed by tribunes who were heads of their tribes.

--They could veto any decision by a Roman Official or magistrate.--They had the power to authorize their own legislation, non-binding for Patricians.

Mediterranean CivilizationA glimpse of teenage life in ancient rome

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juWYhMoDTN0

Mediterranean CivilizationTribal Assembly

Results450 B.C.—Law of the Twelve Tables445 B.C.—Acquired the right to marry a Patrician367 B.C.—Allowed to be elected to Consul300 B.C.—Allowed to serve at all levels of the

priesthood287 B.C.—Decision and legislation of Plebeian

assembly was binding over all citizens

Mediterranean Civilization

Mediterranean CivilizationEmpire Building

Punic WarsRome and Carthage both have influence inthe southern portion of the Mediterranean.Rome’s sphere of influence includessouthern Italy. Carthage’s sphere ofinfluence includes western edge of Sicily,Sardinia western North Africa and southernSpain.

Mediterranean Civilization

First Punic War (264-241 B.C.)--Messina revolts against Carthage--Roman navy defeats the

Carthaginians--Rome takes control of Sardinia and

Corsica

Mediterranean CivilizationSecond Punic War (218-202 B.C.)

--Saguntum, Spain asked for an alliance with Rome.

--Hanibal attacks Saguntum and destroys it.--Hannibal crosses the Alps and conquers

northern Italy. He doesn’t have enough supplies and roams the countryside.

--Hannibal returns to Carthage and is defeated by Scipio in 202 B.C.

Mediterranean CivilizationThird Punic War (149-146 B.C.)--First half of second century, Carthage

regains its power.--Romans demanded Carthaginians move

inland, they refused.--Romans went from town to town

slaughtering the inhabitants selling people into slavery.

Mediterranean Civilization

Metropolitan Museum of Arthttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/romr/hd_romr.htm