mediterranean civilization rome: from monarchy to republic to empire
TRANSCRIPT
Mediterranean Civilization
--Founded in the 8th
century at the mouth of
the Tiber River.
--Founded near a group
of hills called the
Palatine.
--The Latini were an agricultural and pastoral group
--Rome was founded by
the sons of Mars
--Romulus and Remus
raised by wolves were
directed to build Rome
in Latium (Seven vultures fly around seven times near seven hills)
--Romulus kills Remus, Rome bears his name
RomE Fact VS. Fiction
Mediterranean CivilizationThe Story of Romulus and Remus
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wA1D9wd29jI
Mediterranean Civilization
Early Settlements in Italy
South—Settled by Greeks, areas include Campagnia, Apulia and Sicily
North—settled by the Gauls (Celtic origins). They occupied the Po River Valley. They were taken over by the Etruscans.
Mediterranean CivilizationRoyal Period (753-510 B.C.)
Seven Kings of Rome
Romulus
Numa Pompilius
Tullus Hostilius
Ancus Marcius
Tarquin Priscus
Servius Tullius
Tarquin the Proud
Mediterranean CivilizationThe Roman Republic (509—133 B.C.)
Tarquin the Proud loses power in 509 B.C. He is
overthrown by Junius Brutus. As a result a republic
is formed officials are elected.
Roman SocietyPatricians—wealthy landowners
Plebieans—farmers, trades people and craft
workers. They made up 90% of the
population.
Mediterranean CivilizationRoman Government
Consuls—two elected Patricians for one year.
Responsibilities
--initiated legislation
--served as head of the judiciary and military
--served as chief priest to the nation
Limitations
--only served for one year
--had veto power, could veto the other
--had to serve on the Senate after their term
Mediterranean CivilizationRoman Government
Magistrates—assisted Consuls
Proconsuls—Consuls whose terms in office were
extended because of military campaigns
Quaestors—two financial officers, determining
property values for taxes
Praetor—judicial official
Mediterranean CivilizationRoman Government
Censor—drew up the roll of citizens and fixed
their tax status. The job of censor went to
former consuls. They were the least corruptible.
They had the power to dismiss Senators.
Senate—Consuls appointed members of
senate for life terms
Assembly of Tribes—protected the rights of the
plebeians and had veto power
Mediterranean CivilizationStruggle of the Orders
The Patrician class attempting to hold onto power while the
Plebeians attempted to achieve social and political equality.
Plebeians Patricians
90% 10%
--produced the food --wealthy
--supplied labor --ran government
--supplied soldiers --controlled the
economy
The Plebeians withdrew from society in 494 B.C. to the
Sacred Mount and formed the Tribal Assembly.
Mediterranean CivilizationTribal Assembly
--Headed by tribunes who were heads of their tribes.
--They could veto any decision by a Roman Official
or magistrate.
--They had the power to authorize their own
legislation, non-binding for Patricians.
Mediterranean Civilization
A glimpse of teenage life in ancient rome
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juWYhMoDTN0
Mediterranean CivilizationTribal Assembly
Results
450 B.C.—Law of the Twelve Tables
445 B.C.—Acquired the right to marry a Patrician
367 B.C.—Allowed to be elected to Consul
300 B.C.—Allowed to serve at all levels of the
priesthood
287 B.C.—Decision and legislation of Plebeian
assembly was binding over all citizens
Mediterranean CivilizationEmpire Building
Punic Wars
Rome and Carthage both have influence in
the southern portion of the Mediterranean.
Rome’s sphere of influence includes
southern Italy. Carthage’s sphere of
influence includes western edge of Sicily,
Sardinia western North Africa and southern
Spain.
Mediterranean Civilization
First Punic War (264-241 B.C.)--Messina revolts against Carthage
--Roman navy defeats the
Carthaginians
--Rome takes control of Sardinia and
Corsica
Mediterranean CivilizationSecond Punic War (218-202 B.C.)
--Saguntum, Spain asked for an alliance
with Rome.
--Hanibal attacks Saguntum and destroys
it.
--Hannibal crosses the Alps and conquers
northern Italy. He doesn’t have enough
supplies and roams the countryside.
--Hannibal returns to Carthage and is
defeated by Scipio in 202 B.C.
Mediterranean CivilizationThird Punic War (149-146 B.C.)
--First half of second century, Carthage
regains its power.
--Romans demanded Carthaginians move
inland, they refused.
--Romans went from town to town
slaughtering the inhabitants selling
people into slavery.
Mediterranean Civilization
Metropolitan Museum of Art
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/romr/hd_romr.htm