Early Aegean Civilization

Greece is surrounded by: Ionian Sea; __________________; Mediterranean Sea

Mountains cover ________ of Greece; Divided land into many regions

Influence of Geography

Mycenaean Civilization

Mycenae was settled in _______________________

A warrior-king ruled Mycenae, as well as the surrounding villages

___________________________________________

Dominated from 1600 to 1100 BC

In 1500 BC the Mycenaeans came in contact with Minoan civilization

The Minoans had a very ______________________ impact on Mycenaean civilization

From the Minoans the Mycenaeans adopted: Seaborne trade, Minoan system of ____________________________, Minoan art, etc.

THE DORIAN INVASION:

After Trojan War Mycenaean civilization collapsed

In 1200 BC the ________________________ people moved into Mycenae; The Dorians were MUCH LESS advanced than the Mycenaeans

Resulted in the temporary ____________________ of Greek culture

Minoan Civilization

__________________________ Civilization was one of the earliest examples of what has come to be called Greek civilization.

Minoans were trading at the same time as the Phoenicians, Egyptians & ______________________________

?

Why does all this matter?

The contact between the Mycenaeans & the Minoans formed the core of Greek __________________ (i.e. religious practices, art, politics, literature)

The foundation of _______________ Civilization

Rise of the City-State

Polis: Fundamental political ____________of ancient Greece

Made up of a city & its surrounding land; generally home to less than ________________________

Acropolis: A fortified hilltop where Greek citizens gathered to discuss societal & ______________________

NO _________________ political structure in ancient Greece

Individual citystates experimented with different forms of _______________________________

Monarchy

Aristocracy

Oligarchy

Direct Democracy

- Power is in the hands of ____________________; KING

- Citizens pay ____________, obey _______________, & depend on kings for _______________________

- Kings ___________________ their power

Practiced in ______________

Power is in the hands of the__________________

Hereditary rule; based on __________ rank and wealth

Practiced in __________ prior to 594 BC

Power is in the hands of a _________________ of citizens

Rule based on wealth or ability

Controls the _________

Practiced in __________ by 500BC

Power is in the hands of the _________________________

Rule based on citizenship

______________ rule decides vote

All citizens can participate

Practiced in ___________ by 500BC

Rival city-states

SPARTA vs. ATHENS

Development

Located on the ___________________Peninsula

Descended from the _________________

3 Social Groups

Citizens: All ______________ men born in Athens (50%)

Metics: Born _____________ Athens

No land, but paid taxes

Slaves: Captured in war, considered ________________

Government

Assembly: Passed ___________ & decided public issues

__________ free men over the age of 18 could participate

It was considered their public __________

Council of 500

Drafted & ________________ laws

Oversaw meetings of the assembly

Members chosen by _______________ once a year

Ostracism: If a politicians name appeared on 6,000 ostraca they would be ________________!!!

Education/Training

Only ___________were given an education

Entered school at _______; graduated at 18

Studied arithmetic, drawing, music, gymnastics, __________________, literature (Iliad & Odyssey), etc.

At age 18 men served in the ______________ for 2 years

Ephebic Oath:

Pledge of _____________ to Athens & to good citizenship

Athenian Women

No ________________ education; learned household duties from mother

____________________between 13-15

Primary purpose was to have ____________________

Wore clothes to depict their _______________ in society

No _________________ rights

Could not participate in ____________________, or go to the market or the Olympics

Athenian Legacy

Democracy, ________________, architecture, drama, art

Development

Located on the ___________________Peninsula

Conquered neighboring region & took over land

Created ___________________ society

3 Social Groups

Citizens (Spartiates): descended from the invaders, controlled Sparta (only 5%)

Perioci: _________________, paid taxes & served in the army but had no political power

Helots: ___________, greatly outnumbered the other groups; Spartans used force to control them

Government

Founded on the principle that the life of _________________________ belonged to the state

Militaristic Oligarchy: Two _____________ led Sparta

1 king handled military;1 took care of domestic matters

Council of Elders: 28 male citizens over the age of ___

Proposed ________ & served as a criminal court

Assembly: Included all _________citizens over age of 30; ____________ on laws

Military Society

Life revolved around ____________

All men aspired to become ______________

Newborn ______________ were examined

Healthy = lived; Sickly = left to die on hillside

Education/Training

Primary purpose was to produce _____________!

Military training began at age _____ for boys

Became soldiers at age 20; Served until age ______

Trained to read, write & use ________________

Taught to ______________, but not get caught

_________ training: no shoes, sometimes no clothing

Spartan Women

Lifes ambition was to be a soldiers _____________

Women were expected to be healthy & _________ so that they could bear strong ______________

Trained in gymnastics, _________________ & boxing

Although they were respected in Spartan society, women ________________ participate in government

Impact of Military Society

Exceptional athletes, competed well in the _____________, & defended Greece against invaders

BUTdiscouraged trade & shunned philosophy, science, literature, & the ___________

No __________________ freedom; Little economic growth

The Golden Age of Athens

Setting the Stage:

After the Persian Wars, formation of Delian League:

____________________ between 140 city-states

Athens quickly emerged as Greek ______________

Defeat of Persians + Athenian leadership = Athenian ____________________

Resulted in the ___________________ of ATHENS:

477 to 431 BC: Intellectual & _______________ learning greatly increased

During the GOLDEN AGE:

Drama, sculpture, poetry, science architecture, ___________________, etc.

I dont like to brag, but were kind of a big deal! We, the Athenians of ancient Greece, are AWESOME! We led the Greeks to victory in the Persian War. Everyone knows were the best!

Element of Golden Age

Who/What

Description/Significance

GOLDEN POLITICS

Pericles

Great Athenian ______________________

Three Goals for Athens:

Strengthen democracy, strengthen the empire & glorify Athens

Democracy:

Increased the number of public officials who received ____________________

Introduced ___________________democracy; allowed for increased participation

Empire:

Pericles built strongest _________________ of its time

Greatly increased __________________

Glorifying Athens:

Pericles began the __________________________ of Athens

Paid artists, architects and other workers to manage this task

GOLDEN ARTS

Art and Sculpture:

Grace, strength, perfection

Portrayal ____________________ beauty

Focused on harmony, order, balance and _____________________________

Golden Mean/Ratio = 1.618

GOLDEN DRAMA

Tragedy:

SERIOUS _________________; love, hate, war & betrayal

The main character is generally a tragic ____________ with a fatal flaw, usually excessive pride

Comedy:

Slapstick comedy & crude humor

Poked fun at ___________________, ideas and respected leaders

Darn those Athenians! Taking all of the credit! Revenge will be sweet!

Meanwhile, in SpartaRESENTMENT!!

As Athens flourished, ___________________began to develop on the Peloponnesus Peninsula.

Sparta resisted Athens formed their own ____________: The PELOPONNESIAN LEAGUE

As Athenian wealth & power ____________, so did hostility among other city-states

LEADS TO THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR

The Peloponnesian War

Dates: 431 404 BC

Opponents: _________________ v. ___________________

Civil war

Different strengths; evenly _________________ - WHY?

Athens _____________ POWER

Sparta _____________ POWER

Eventually the Spartans were able to ____________the Athenians against the sea

404 BC: S