medical terminology lesson 2: anatomy and physiology
TRANSCRIPT
Medical TerminologyMedical TerminologyLesson 2:Lesson 2:Anatomy and PhysiologyAnatomy and Physiology
Anatomical Position
• Used when describing positions and relationships of structures in the human body
• Describes the position of the body standing erect with arms at the side of the body, palms facing forward, eyes looking straight ahead
• Legs are parallel with feet and toes are pointing forward
• Assumption that person is always in anatomical position even if body or parts of the body are in other positions
Body Planes
• Coronal or frontal • Horizontal or transverse• Sagittal• Used to assist in describing the body and its
parts• Imagine slicing through the body at various
angles
Planes of the body: coronal or frontal, transverse, and midsagittal.
Sagittal Plane
• Vertical plane• Runs lengthwise from
front to back• Divides the body and its
parts into left and right portions
• Right and left sides do not have to be equal
Frontal Plane
• Also known as coronal• Divides the body into
front and back positions• Vertical lengthwise
plane running from side to side
Transverse Plane
• Horizontal plane• Crosswise plane that
runs parallel to the ground
• Imaginary cut that divides the body and its parts into upper and lower portions
Directional Terms
• Assist medical personnel in position or location of patient’s complaint
• Help to describe one process, organ, or system as it relates to another
• They are listed in pairs that have opposite meanings in the following table
Directional Anatomical Terms
Terms for Describing Body Position
• Superior or cephalic =More toward the head, or above another structure
• Inferior or caudal = More toward the feet or tail, or below another
structure
• Anterior or ventral More toward the front or belly-side of the body
Terms for Describing Body Position
• Posterior or dorsal = More toward the back or spinal cord side of the body
• Medial = Refers to the middle or near the middle of the body or the structure
• Lateral = Refers to the side
• Apex = Tip or summit of an organ • Base = Bottom or lower part of an organ• Proximal = Located nearer to the point of
attachment to the body
Terms for Describing Body Position
• Distal = Located farther away from the point of attachment to
the body • Superficial = More toward the surface of the
body• Deep = Further away from the surface
of the body• Supine = The body lying horizontally and
facing upward• Prone = The body lying horizontally and
facing downward
Supine Position
Prone Position
Body CavitiesThe body has many open spaces or
cavities
Body Cavities
Body Cavities and Their Major Organs
CavityDorsal Cavities Cranial Cavity Spinal Cavity
Major Organs
BrainSpinal Cord
Ventral Cavities Thoracic Cavity Pleural Cavity: Lungs
Pericardial Cavity: HeartMediastinum: Heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, aorta
Abdominopelvic Cavity Abdominal Cavity Pelvic Cavity
Stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and portions of the small intestines and colonFemale: Uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vaginaMale: Prostate gland, seminal vesicles, portion of the vas deferens
The Abdominopelvic Region
The Abdominopelvic Region
• Right upper quadrant (RUQ): Contains majority of the liver, gallbladder, small portion of pancreas, small intestines, and colon
• Right lower quadrant (RLQ): Contains small intestines and colon, right ovary and fallopian tube, appendix, and right ureter
• Left upper quadrant (LUQ): Contains small portion of liver, spleen, stomach, majority of pancreas, small intestines, and colon
• Left lower quadrant (LLQ): Contains small intestines and colon, left ovary and fallopian tube, and left ureter
Word Building Relating to Body Structure
Combining Form Suffix Med. Term Definitionabdomin/o -al abdominal pertaining to the abdomen
caud/o -al caudal pertaining to the tail
cervic/o -al cervical pertaining to the neck
dist/o -a distal pertaining to away
epitheli/o -al epithelial pertaining to the epithelium
infer/o -ior inferior pertaining to below
proxim/o -al proximal pertaining to near
spin/o -al spinal pertaining to the spine
system/o -ic systemic pertaining to systems