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ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING & DESIGN MAGAZINE

Natural Lighting!

Lighting Control!

Communication!

Lighting Systems!

Lighting!Light+Building 2016

The Benifits of

Advanced Wireless

Visible Light

Connected

Global LEDFocus on Future

March-April 2016 | www.lightexpress.in

C-star Retail Conference

The conference will deal with the topic "Local Heroes", and will invite leading retailers from around the world to present their practices in developing retail localization strategies.

Date: 18 – 19 May 2016 Venue: Shanghai New International Expo Centre Session 1: Local Heroes: Customer Research, Retail Session 2: Local Heroes: Retail Design, Retail Technology

C-star at a glance

C u at C-star !Find out more at www.c-star-expo.com

Consolidated Knowledge

C-star will not only bring together retailers from all over the world but will also be the leading platform for international knowledge exchange. C-star will feature a comprehensive supporting program, which will be held simultaneously to the show, and includes:

C-star Retail Conference EuroShop Retail Design Award C-star Forum Designer Village C-star Retail Tour

Don't miss this unique opportunity to expand your knowledge and your business network!

Where: N4-N5, Shanghai New International Expo Centre

Projected 200 exhibitors

Germany Pavilion

Italian Lighting Zone

Register for C-star and Conference now!

register.c-star-expo.com

More information about C-star Retail Conference: www.c-star-expo.com/program.html

Founder Editor-in-ChiefLate Mr. Kanwar NS

Managing EditorReny Singh

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Sarvjit Kanwar

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Bao Tian Tian - ShanghaiXing Guang Li - Guangzhou

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CirculationSurekha Gogna

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CatherineAmy LanAnna Mi

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Advisor InternetSukhbir Singh

International Advisor (Australia)Andrew S. McCourt

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New Delhi 110 092 INDIATel: +91 11 22141542 | 4309 4482

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ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING & DESIGN MAGAZINE

March-April 2016 | www.lightexpress.in

Energy Efficient Lighting

Electric lighting burns up to 25% of the average home energy budget.

The electricity used over the lifetime of a single incandescent bulb costs 5 to 10 times the original purchase price of the bulb itself.Light Emitting Diode (LED) and Compact Fluorescent Lights (CFL) bulbs have revolutionized energy-efficient lighting. CFLs are simply miniature versions of full-sized fluorescents. They screw into standard lamp sockets, and give off light that looks similar to the common incandescent bulbs - not like the fluorescent lighting we associate with factories and schools.

LEDs are small, very efficient solid bulbs. New LED bulbs are grouped in clusters with diffuser lenses which have broadened the applications for LED use in the home. LED technology is advancing rapidly, with many new bulb styles available. Initially more expensive than CFLs, LEDs bring more value since they last longer. Also, the price of LED bulbs is going down each year as the manufacturing technology continues to improve.

LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) are solid light bulbs which are extremely energy-efficient. When first developed, LEDs were limited to single-bulb use in applications such as instrument panels, electronics, pen lights and, more recently, strings of indoor and outdoor Christmas lights.

A significant feature of LEDs is that the light is directional, as opposed to incandescent bulbs which spread the light more spherically. This is an advantage with recessed lighting or under-cabinet lighting, but it is a disadvantage for table lamps. New LED bulb designs address the directional limitation by using diffuser lenses and reflectors to disperse the light more like an incandescent bulb.

LED light bulbs use only 2-17 watts of electricity (1/3rd to 1/30th of Incandescent or CFL). LED bulbs used in fixtures inside the home save electricity, remain cool and save money on replacement costs since LED bulbs last so long. Small LED flashlight bulbs will extend battery life 10 to 15 times longer than with incandescent bulbs.

A few weeks before theclosing date for registrations,Messe Düsseldorf is

recording extremely lively demandfor exhibition space.

With a few weeks to go before theclosing date for registrations for K2016, one thing is already certain:the fair will again provide a completeoverview of the world market of theplastics and rubber industry. Some3,000 exhibitors will be attendingthe world's premier fair, which istaking place from 19 to 26 October2016. Demand for exhibition spaceis extremely lively, and all 19 halls ofDüsseldorf's fairgrounds will onceagain be fully occupied. Companiesfrom all continents have alreadyregistered to present their innova-tions in the following exhibitcategories:

- Raw materials, auxiliaries- Semi-finished products, technicalparts and reinforced plastics- Machines and equipment for theplastics and rubber industry.

"Thanks to its unparalleled breadth ofoffering and the unmatchedinternationality of exhibitors andvisitors, the fair is in a class of itsown worldwide. It is the placewhere key decisions for productsand processes and problem-solvingare taken, and it points the wayforward for the whole industry forthe coming years," says Werner M.Dornscheidt, President and CEO ofMesse Düsseldorf. "We are delightedthat demand for exhibition space isagain extremely buoyant.

The companies from the world ofplastics and rubber know that theycan look forward to an excellentspringboard for their businesssuccess every three years in

Düsseldorf. Registration for K 2016 isstill possible until 31 May 2015."The presentations of exhibitingcompanies at K 2016 will besupplemented by a special showillustrating the potential of plasticsand rubber for forward-lookingapplications. With reference toexamples from different sectors, itshows the extent to which theirdiversified properties shape ourlives today and the contributionsthat they can make in the solution ofimportant everyday problems. Thespecial show is being organised bythe German plastics industry underthe auspices of PlasticsEuropeDeutschland e.V. and MesseDüsseldorf.

Another highlight of the supportingprogramme at K 2016 will be theScience Campus, the forum forresearch and teaching. The ScienceCampus provides a compactoverview of the activities andfindings of university and scientificorganisations and helps to intensifydialogue between research andindustry.

Current information on everything todo with K 2016 and the industry isavailable at www.k-online.com.Regularly updated, reports fromscience and research can be foundhere along with articles from theinternational trade press. The gamutof information provided by thewebsite also extends to a completeoverview of the other events for theplastics and rubber industry in whichMesse Düsseldorf is involved. Theservice is rounded off with a list ofthe world's most important trademedia and a retrospective of K2013.

K 2016 is taking place over the entirearea of the Messe Düsseldorf

K 2016 – pointing the way forward for theworld's plastics and rubber industry

Special show at K 2016 – Plasticsshape the futureEver since plastics were first processed into telephones, light switches andradio housings a century ago, their diversity and presence in everyday lifehave increased enormously. Synonymous with innovation, safety, comfortand virtually unlimited scope in applications and design, polymeric materialshave meanwhile conquered all spheres of life. Without plastics and rubber, itwill not be possible to master the huge challenges of the future. They are abyword for resource-conserving technologies, progressive mobility, theprotection of food and drinking water, innovative medical technology,energy efficiency and sustainability.

During K 2016 in Düsseldorf from 19 to 26 October, the special show"Plastics shape the future" will highlight the developments that are alreadytaking shape and the visions that may become reality tomorrow. Withreference to examples, the show demonstrates to what extent plastics aremaking their mark on modern living spaces – functionally, aesthetically andsustainably. Attention is also devoted to economic and environmentalmatters, and even problematical issues like marine litter, for example, will beaddressed.

Multimedia presentations and innovative stand design will enliven theprogramme of the special show in Hall 6, consisting of information andentertainment blocks, activities, keynote talks and rounds of discussions.Ideas from school pupils and students on how to shape the future will notonly be the focus of the traditional Youth Day on the Sunday of K 2016 (23October), but will provide fresh stimulus every day of the fair. "Plastics shapethe future" promises telling insights and perspectives on the future forexhibitors and trade visitors to K 2016 as well as for the media and thegeneral public.

In 2016, the special show, a project of the German plastics industry underthe leadership of PlasticsEurope Deutschland e.V. and Messe Düsseldorf, issupplementing K's exhibition array for the 9th time. The world's foremostgathering of the plastics and rubber sector will again be covering everythingthe industry has to offer. Some 3,000 exhibitors from all continents willbetaking part, and all 19 halls of Düsseldorf's fairgrounds are already fullybooked. Some 200,000 trade visitors from all over the world are expectedat K 2016.

K 2016 is open daily from 10 am to 6.30 pm from Wednesday, 19 October,until Wednesday, 26 October 2016. All details can be found at www.k-online.com and on the social networks

Xing: https://www.xing.com/net/pri4bd1eex/k2013Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/K.Tradefair?fref=tsTwitter: https://twitter.com/K_tradefair

4 | March - April 2015 | Light Express

1

Project Review 01.2016

Customer care in a new light – Showroom Blaha Office

Since its opening in 2001, the Blaha show-room, introduced as an ‘Office Ideas Centre’, has served both business and private cus-tomers. It is located in a remarkable building, which is based on plans drawn by the archi-tectural office of Eichinger oder Knechtl. In premises with a floor space of around 4000 sqm extending over three levels, the furniture brand presents a diverse mix of high-quality products. Its range includes assorted furniture and acoustic systems offered with a variety of textiles, surface options and colours.

The lighting in the showroom was behind the times and needed upgrading. A new light-ing concept was required that would meet a diverse set of requirements to the high stand-ards of Blaha. The lighting was to give struc-ture to the spacious facilities, yet accentuate individual products and product ensembles

effectively. This comprehensive undertaking stipulated a minimum number of luminaires with the lowest possible wattage to achieve this end – without compromising on the visual comfort.

LED light for perfect colour renditionThe central criterion, however, was to ensure optimal colour rendition. The products by Blaha feature a remarkably wide selection of tex-tiles and surfaces, most of which are available in a variety of colours. Blaha promotes these materials and their colour variety with atten-tion-grabbing installations. The contract award, therefore, hinged on natural and brilliant colour reproduction that would reveal the wide array of colours with its many subtle nuances – espe-cially in the pastel range. With a luminaire range based completely on LED technology since 2015, ERCO offers light of a brilliance and precision that predestined it for this lighting task.

Project data

Project: Showroom Blaha Office Korneuburg / Austria

Client: Franz Blaha Sitz- und Büromöbel Industrie GmbH Korneuburg / Austria

Architecture: Architectural office of Eichinger oder Knechtl, Vienna / Austria

Photography: Gustavo Allidi Bernasconi Vienna / Austria

The office furniture manufacturer Blaha in Austria is one of the foremost suppli-

ers in its field. At its headquarters in Korneuburg, the company operates a show-

room displaying furniture systems and acoustic systems with eye-catching effect.

At once presentation and sales area, communication forum and workspace, the

architecture requires a sophisticated lighting system. ERCO’s Opton spotlight with

flexible Spherolit technology lends itself perfectly to the implementation of a

complex lighting concept.

3

Project Review 01.2016

Copyright: ERCO GmbH, www.erco.com, photo: Gustavo Allidi Bernasconi

Visible light communication(VLC) is a particularly excitingtechnology in an industry

that is already going through excitingtechnological change. Thistechnology, popularly used inapplications such as fiber-optics,now shows promise for generallighting due to the advent of LEDlighting.

The potential is to create spaces thatactively communicate with users.

WHAT IS VLC?

VLC is a free-space optical wirelesscommunication technology thatuses visible light to transmit dataacross distances.

The concept is simple. Varying theintensity of a beam of light can beused to encode information. Sosimple that humans have been usingoptical communication since at leastthe time of the ancient Greeks. You

can try this at home by simplyturning a flashlight ON and OFF tosend Morse code.

Light travels 186,000 miles persecond, so communication acrosslong distances is virtually instanta-neous.

In the modern era, technologicaladvances allowed us to modulatethe light at higher frequencies,allowing richer information. Light canbe transmitted across a free space(e.g., lasers communicatingbetween two buildings) or across amedium (e.g., fiber optics).

With the advent of LED, a new ideain VLC is to use general lighting tocommunicate with users in a spaceas a replacement or supplement toWi-Fi. While traditional light sourcespresent practical limitations, LEDlighting can be modulated at veryhigh frequencies, with a cycle asshort as nanoseconds. This

concept, called Li-Fi, could be asolution to RF bandwidth limitationsas the visible light spectrum is10,000 larger than the radiospectrum.

As a bonus, VLC doesn’t causeelectromagnetic interference. Thelight can transmit information eitherdirectly or reflected from a surface. Itcan do so while dimmed. However,light cannot penetrate obstaclessuch as walls.

This ambitious concept is still beingdeveloped. Meanwhile, manufactur-ers have moved to develop VLC forspecific building applications, andthese solutions, now beingdemonstrated, will be commerciallyavailable soon.

These manufacturers are focusing ontwo extraordinary capabilities ofluminaires that both illuminate andcommunicate with light. The first isusing LED lighting as a network for

indoor positioning. The second istargeted communication withmobile devices. While there arenumerous potential applications, theinitial focus is retail stores.

INDOOR POSITIONING

Seven out of 10 Americans have asmart phone or tablet, according toOpus Research. Today’s smartphones and tablets featurenavigation through use of GlobalPositioning System (GPS) satellitesignals. These signals bouncearound inside buildings, however,making indoor GPS positioningineffective.

A number of approaches can beused to achieve indoor positioning,of which VLC is now a contender. Abuilding owner installs VLC-enabledLED general lighting. The luminairesare overlaid onto a digitized map ofthe space. In a retail store, thiswould include showing the store

Visible Light Communication FindsIts Applications

Light Express | March - April 2015 | 7

layout and merchandise locations.The user downloads a loyalty app totheir mobile device. The appenables positioning and providesuser access to the digitized map.When producing light, the luminairesemit their unique codes, which areread by the mobile device’s camera.

By combining the two, the systemcalculates exactly where on the mapthe person is as well as their physicalorientation. Accuracy ranges fromless than four inches to less thanfour feet.

The benefit is wayfinding. In a store,a user could determine where theyare and locate areas and merchan-dise within a store, which may bereferenced via an app-basedshopping list. In a mall or airport, asingle app could guide the shopperthrough multiple venues and publicspaces.

Users concerned about privacy cansimply opt out. Either by notdownloading the app or, if theyhave the app, but not taking theirphone out and turning it on in thevenue.

TARGETED COMMUNICATION

VLC offers the ability to go beyond

wayfinding by allowing organizationsto communicate with users andprovide a more meaningfulexperience. Consider retail. Theinfrastructure is there. According toDeloitte Consulting LLP, in 2012,more than 60% of mobile shoppersused smart phones while in thestore, and 85% of consumers wereusing retailers’ native apps orwebsites during shopping trips.

This could include productadvertising, coupons, crosspromotion and upselling messagesfor specific merchandise; virtualgreetings; friend locator; guidedtours and storytelling; and gamingsuch as treasure hunts.

The possibilities, which vary byapplication, are numerous.

In the future, retail stores may endup competing another level—whocan deliver the best digital experi-ence for their customers.

Products

The VLC system consists of VLC-enabled LED luminaires; mappingand application software, whichtypically will reside on a Cloud; anda database that houses a diagram ofmerchandise locations and luminaire

location coordinates.The luminairesare general lighting luminaires butwith a modulator installed on aseparate board or embedded in theLED driver. VLC functionality is part ofthe luminaire, so installation is thesame. Aside from VLC functionality,the luminaire would be selectedusing the same criteria as selectingany other good lighting product.They will be sold through familiarlighting industry channels.

Coverage is seamless and wall towall. Systems are highly scalable.

Solutions are being developed byGE, Acuity Brands, LG Innotek andPhilips. Some of these companiesare working with technology

partners such as QualcommTechnologies, Inc. (Lumicast VLCtechnology) and ByteLight. Acuityand GE have commercialized thetechnology and have been workingwith retailers to implement trialinstallations.

A GENERAL ROLLOUT ISEXPECTED IN 2016.Manufacturers are focusing ondelivering good VLC-enabledlighting. Integrating hardware andsoftware into a single deliveredsolution may fall to authorizedresellers, partners or other players.These firms will produce customapps for organizations to leveragethe VLC capability into a meaningfuluser experience.


A traditional lighting controldesign deploys manualswitches and simple

controls such as load scheduling tocontrol large zones of luminaires.Even when occupancy sensors areinstalled, these devices are typicallyassigned to large control zones.

Increasingly stringent commercialbuilding energy codes have madecontrol zoning more granular.Emerging control strategies such as

daylight harvesting (daylight-responsive lighting) becamerecognized based on proveneffectiveness, resulting in a layeringof strategies. Additionally, smallercontrol zones generally increaseresponsiveness, flexibility andenergy savings. However, individualluminaire control, with a lightingcontroller installed in each luminaire,increases equipment costs.

The greatest potential to save energy

is with advanced lighting controlsystems that feature three capabili-ties. First, all applicable controlstrategies can be layered in ahierarchy of control zones. Second,zoning can be precisely matched tothe application, potentially resultingin a mix of larger zones with zonesas small as individual luminaires,which increases responsivenesswhile allowing personal control ofoverhead general lighting. Third,these systems provide a centralmechanism for calibration, sophisti-cated programming, measuring andmonitoring.

Wireless lighting control systems arenow available that are designed tosimplify installation while potentiallyreducing material and labor costsassociated with control wiring,making highly granular zoning morecost-effective. Radio-frequency (RF)wireless controls originally gainedpopularity in the residential market.They entered the commercial marketafter technological improvementsand the development of wirelessmesh network standards. As such,RF wireless is a relatively youngtechnology in commercial lightingcontrol, albeit one with significant

potential. The General ServicesAdministration (GSA), the agencyresponsible for Federal real estatemanagement and products andservices procurement support,studied deployment of advanced RFwireless control systems in twoFederal buildings. The study,conducted by the LawrenceBerkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)for the agency’s Green ProvingGround (GPG) program, sought toquantify the performance of wirelesslighting systems.

Two buildings were selected forinstallation. One is the 16-storyAppraisers Federal Building (SanFrancisco, CA), the other the 8-storyMoss Federal Building (Sacramento,CA).

The Appraisers Federal Buildingconsisted mostly of open officespaces with some private officesand other spaces. Occupancysensors and manual switches werealready installed before the study.The GPG study included an LEDluminaire retrofit combined withwireless controls, and with onecontroller per luminaire allowingindividual luminaire control.

Green Proving Ground Program StudiesAdvanced Wireless Lighting Controls


The Moss Federal Building alsoconsisted mostly of open officespaces with some private offices,corridors and meeting spaces. Eachspace already had manual switchesand/or occupancy sensors, and insome cases, time schedulingsystems. The GPG study sawinstallation of wireless controls withexisting fluorescent luminaires inthree locations on two floors, withmultiple luminaires assigned toluminaire-based controllers.

At both locations, control softwarewas used to assign luminaires tocontrol zones that typically includedfour to six luminaires. Photosensorswere installed in control zonesconfigured within perimeter daylightzones. Wireless occupancy sensorswere installed, typically one percontrol zone. In private offices, anoccupancy sensor, dimmer-switchand, if the office had a window, aphotosensor were installed. Thesystem was then tied to an Internetserver enabling facility operators toprogram and monitor the lightingusing a web-based interface.

The LBNL researchers studied eachsite before and after the retrofit,which included site visits, energymeasuring, photometric study (lightlevels and color quality) andoccupant satisfaction surveys.

A month of performance data wascollected for luminaires in threecontrol zones, one in Appraisersand two in Moss, so as to estimateaverage lighting power density andannual energy consumption. Thisformed the baseline. Various lightingscenarios were then implementedand monitored to identity energysavings resulting from various controlscenarios.

The lowest energy savings (9%)were at one site at Moss, withsavings mostly produced byreducing after-hours operation ofthe lighting. Energy savings weredampened by programming thatkept the luminaires at a dimmed(20%) level during periods of nooccupancy, as opposed topreviously being turned OFF byoccupancy sensors. The highestenergy savings were at the othertwo Moss sites, 42 and 47%, which

was produced by a combination ofafter-hours lighting reduction,institutional tuning and daylightdimming.

At Appraisers, the LED luminaireretrofit reduced lighting powerdensity by 55%, from 0.97W/sq.ft.to 0.44W/sq.ft. Total energy savings,including the wireless controls,increased savings to about 69%.

The LBNL researchers were able todisaggregate the performance ofvarious control scenarios. In oneAppraisers location, relative to abasic time-based control strategy,occupancy sensors were found toproduce 22% energy savings, withan additional 10% for institutionaltuning and 7% for daylight harvesting(noting daylight harvesting wasimplemented on about a third of theluminaires in this group). In all,advanced wireless controls wereestimated to save about 39%lighting energy compared to time-scheduling control.

The researchers concluded,“Overall, this study found thatimplementing advanced wirelesscontrol systems can save significantlighting energy.”

They noted that savings are notguaranteed, being dependent onbaseline control conditions, such aswhether an existing system alreadyhas occupancy sensors installed,and baseline site conditions, suchas prevalence of daylight.

At Appraisers, the LED lightingsystem with advanced wirelesscontrols reduced average light levelsfrom about 57 to 37 footcandles,which was found to be satisfactoryas it was above the 30 footcandlesdeemed appropriate for the tasksperformed in the space.

The occupant satisfaction surveysfound occupants perceived thenew lighting conditions and controlperformance favorably, with overallcomfort increasing.

At Moss, average light levelsremained fairly consistent beforeand after the upgrade. Occupantsatisfaction, however, was slightlyreduced after the retrofit in terms of

perception of comfort, light levels and control performance. The researchersbelieve that fluorescent lamp failures resulting from the lamps not beingproperly seasoned prior to dimming (see NEMA-LSD-23-2010), coupledwith commissioning errors and existing wired occupancy sensors applyinglegacy zoning onto new workstation and controls layouts, may haveinfluenced these results. Use of wireless occupancy sensors could haveimproved the control performance, as wireless sensors can be relocatedeasily without rewiring to better align with new workstation layouts.

In a retrofit situation, the project must carry the entire installed cost of thecontrol system, though if luminaires are replaced, installation labor can beeconomized. In a new construction scenario, return on investment is basedon the incremental cost of the new controls over an energy code-compliantsolution.

The LBNL researchers concluded, “With paybacks ranging from 3 to 6 years,adding wireless advanced lighting controls to lighting projects is a compel-ling opportunity in new construction and major renovation.”


Europe is the largest geographicmarket segment—accountingfor 23 percent of the global

lighting market share, followed byChina at 21 percent and the US at 19percent. Industry analysts predictsignificant growth over the nextdecade. Product developmentmanagers and electronics engineersin the LED lighting market strive tocontinue growing right along withthe industry trends. To succeed indeveloping LED designs that flourishin the current market, however, theymust incorporate reliable circuitprotection technologies that delivera strong return on investment (ROI).

This LED market report reveals thepresent state of the market, trendsfor several LED segments and

projections for global growth. Ithighlights the need for industry-leading circuit protection solutionsfrom a reliable manufacturer andspecifies the ideal protectiondevices for several LED applications.Present State: LED Market is ShiningBright Recent statistical datasupports the pivotal position of LEDtechnology in the global lightingmarket. Global LED lighting marketpenetration is expected to reach 31percent in 2015, according to arecent article from LEDinside. Inaddition, LEDinside has reportedthat the global commercial LEDlighting sector will reach $26.7 billionin 2015. Some of the most commonapplications for LED lighting areoutdoor, residential and architec-tural. Outdoor LED lighting is quickly

gaining popularity for tunnels,roadways, traffic lights, parking lotsand garages. According toStrategies Unlimited, 2013 revenuesfor outdoor LED lighting were $0.7billion. The firm also reported thatnearly two million LED luminaireswere installed in tunnels androadways in 2012. IHS Technologystated that out of the 140 millionstreetlights installed worldwide in2013, 19 million of them were LEDs

Residential applications for LEDsinclude lighting in kitchens, hallways,dining rooms and bathrooms. Whencompared with other lightingtechnologies, only LED lighting canbe used as a comprehensivereplacement for fluorescent lighting.

LEDs can be used in multiple roomsthroughout the home, are availablein several varieties and offer atechnology that is relatively easy forconsumers to learn. McKinsey’s2012 lighting market report revealedthat residential is the largest generalapplication segment for LED lighting.In 2011, it represented almost 40percent of the general lightingmarket.

According to MarketWatch, thearchitectural segment is the second-largest end-user segment for LEDlighting. For architectural applica-tions, LEDs are used in bothdecorative and functional lighting.Decorative LEDs are used toilluminate fountains, pools, gardensand statues. For functional applica-

Global LED Lighting Trends Reveal SignificantGrowth and Product Development


tions, including building facades andlandscaping, LEDs provide visibilityand enhance safety on residentialand commercial properties.

In response to the current LEDmarket trends, manufacturers aremaking significant changes in theiroperations. IHS reported thatmanufacturers are placing a greateremphasis on vertical integration,focusing on chip-on-boardmodules and light engines in 2015.Moving down the supply valuechain to products that form theintermediate steps between LEDcomponents and lamps/luminairesmay be an attractive strategy due tothe low-profit margins for LEDcomponents.

Both Phillips and Siemens, topplayers in the LED lighting market,have separated their lighting workfrom their core business to enablefaster response-to-market dynamicsand to achieve higher profitability. Inaddition, GE has taken steps to startproducing its own LED circuitboards and may spin off its lightingbusiness in the future.

FUTURE PROMISE: LEDS LIGHTTHE WAY TO OUTSTANDINGGROWTH

Forbes has predicted that the LEDmarket will continue to growthroughout the next decade, withthe global LED market share reachingabout 70 percent by 2020.According to McKinsey, Asia willoccupy about 45 percent of theglobal general lighting market by2020. The report indicated that rapidpenetration in Japan and China isdriving Asia’s market-leading

position for transitioning to LEDs ingeneral lighting. In Europe, thecurrent LED value-based marketshare is approximately 9 percent,McKinsey reported. By 2020, theshare is expected to rise to over 70percent.

Outstanding growth is projectedacross various LED market segments,including residential and architec-tural. Forecasts for LED growth in theresidential segment are almost 50percent for 2016 and over 70percent for 2020, according toMcKinsey. For architectural lighting,MarketWatch revealed that Japan andEurope are the fastest-growingregions. McKinsey has predictedthat architectural lighting will remainthe early adopter for LED lighting,with its market share reaching almost90 percent by 2020.

The outdoor lighting industry is alsoexpected to grow at a rapid rate.Strategies Unlimited has forecast thatthe global outdoor LED lightingmarket will reach $1.9 billion by2017. The organization has alsopredicted that LED street lightinstallations will grow by 400percent over the next five years.According to SemiconductorToday, the market share of LEDs instreet lighting worldwide will growfrom 53.3 percent in 2014 to 93.8percent in 2023.

SAFEGUARD ROI: CIRCUITPROTECTION FOR LED LIGHTINGINNOVATION

Electronics engineers and productdevelopment managers arecontinually innovating LED designs tokeep pace with the latest market

trends. Creating designs for LEDlighting applications presents severalchallenges, including the need toprotect the LEDs’ electronics andcircuits from lightning, transientsurges and electrostatic discharge(ESD). These electrical threats mayjeopardize the safety of personneland endanger the consumer’s ROI.Failure to use proper safeguardscould also lead to complianceissues with regulatory and safetystandards related to overvoltagetransients.

Outdoor lighting applications have amuch better chance of deliveringtheir full ROI with the properimplementation of surge protectiondevices (SPD) such as the LSP05-LSP10 Series from Littelfuse.

Circuit protection technologies arevital for safeguarding the vulnerableelectronics and circuits within LEDs.To prevent LED lighting fromexperiencing failures within aninvestment payback period of aboutfive years, high durability andreliability are essential. Beforeselecting a compatible circuitprotection device, it is important tofind a manufacturer who under-stands LED lighting industrystandards and the safety issuesassociated with designing LEDretrofit lamps and outdoor lumi-naires.

As the global leader in circuitprotection, Littelfuse recommendsprotection devices for LED driverand power converter circuits usedin a variety of lighting applications.Littelfuse manufactures a variety offuses, varistors, surge protectionmodules (combination of varistors)

and TVS diodes for LED lightingapplications. To ensure compliancewith industry standards andreliability, the company performsextensive product testing.


Orion Launches HighLumen LED Retrofit forPublic LightingSolutionsOrion Energy Systems, a leading designer and manufacturer of high-performance, energy-efficient retrofit lighting platforms, today announcedthe launch of the new High Lumen LED APOLLO Troffer Retrofit and twentynew LED products and luminaires for commercial, industrial, and retailfacilities. The High Lumen LED APOLLO Troffer Retrofit is available in 7000 (2x2and 2x4) and 9000 (2x4) lumen packages, expanding its use to now includebroader retail and education applications. As the newest entry in theindustry’s first patented LED Troffer Retrofit suite, this product features quickship and easy installation, attractive design, optimized light delivery, andmaintenance-free performance. The High Lumen LED APOLLO Troffer Retrofitis an ideal upgrade for schools, commercial, and retail facilities seeking toreplace energy-consuming T8/T12 fluorescent troffer fixtures with highefficiency LED light sources.

New products now available also include:

Seven (7) LED Emergency and Exit lighting product options.

Ten (10) LED Exterior lighting products ranging from Wall Packs, Flood Light,Canopies, Garage, Area Street, Area and Site, Low-Profile Multi-PurposeCanopy, Garage, and Multi-purpose Architectural Flood fixtures.

LED Stairwell fixture with ultrasonic integrated motion sensor ideal for bothinterior and exterior applications.

LED Industrial Pendant High Bay for warehouse, distribution center andmanufacturing facility applications.

“This product launch strengthens our position as the full-service retrofitleader in the lighting industry by broadening our ability to replace inefficientlighting technology with easy to install, highly efficient LED solutions,” saidJohn Scribante, Chief Executive Office of Orion Energy Systems. “Orion isunique given our deep expertise in the successful execution of thousandsof retrofit and upgrade projects. That knowledge inspires product innova-tions that reduce job-site costs and stress, maximize one-for-one replace-ments as well as rebates and incentives, and guarantee energy savings foryears to come.”

Everlight ElectronicsIntroduces a HighlyReliable, Compact OpticalSwitch for Office EquipmentEverlight Electronics, a leading player in the global LED and optoelectronicsindustry, introduces a new member of its ITR series of reflective sensors foruse in printers, copiers, scanners and for non-contact switching environ-ments like a proximity sensor.

The reflective type opto interrupter ITR1201SR10A/TR is a light reflectionswitch which includes a GaAs IR-LED and an NPN phototransistor with ahighly photosensitive receiver for short distances, operating in the infraredrange. Other key features are a fast response time, a very stable collectorcurrent, a cut-off visible wavelength of below 700 nm and an improved MSL(moisture sensitivity level) from level 4 to 3.

A characteristic of EVERLIGHT’s ITR product range is the double moldingmanufacturing process. Compared to the traditional glue dispense manufac-turing process, doublemolding results in a smoother surface which not onlyenhances the look but also raises the reliability. A flat profile of only 1.5 mmmakes the new ITR1201 is even more compact.

Everlight’s reflective and transmissive optical ICs of the ITR family are Pb-freeand RoHS compliant.

Everlight’s highly accurate and sensitive, ultra-compact optical switch ITR1201integrates an IR emitter and a silicon phototransistor in a plastic doublemoulding housing. (Structures and materials depend on demand of client).


HONG KONG — For nearly four decades, a giant neon cow suspended above a steakhouse in Hong Kong’s Western District was aneighborhood landmark. It was where, if you were giving directions,

you told someone to get off the bus or to take the next left. A glowingbovine beacon nearly 10 feet long and 8 feet tall, cantilevered over thestreet, you couldn’t miss it.

It was supposed to be an Angus, said Iry Yip, the manager of Sammy’sKitchen. The sign was designed in 1978 by her father, Sammy Yip, therestaurant’s founder, who at 84 still sits behind the cash register. But the signmaker decided that longer legs would look better, hence the world’s onlyknown long-legged, bluish-white Angus, with “Sammy’s Kitchen Ltd.”emblazoned across its flank in green in English and in red in Chinese.

But in 2011, the city’s Buildings Department decided the sign was unsafeand ordered it removed. After an unsuccessful campaign to save it, the signcame down in August. “It feels like something is missing,” Ms. Yip said. “Thestreet has gotten so empty.” Since the mid-20th century, endless towers offlashing, throbbing neon have defined Hong Kong’s landscape as much asVictoria Harbor and the skyline of densely packed high-rises.

“When you think of Hong Kong and visual culture, one of the first things thatcomes to the fore is neon signs,” said Aric Chen, the design and architec-ture curator of M+, a museum that is collecting images of Hong Kong’sneon signs online and some of the signs themselves as they are retired,including the neon cow. The Hong Kong immortalized in the films of WongKar-wai, the director of “In the Mood for Love” and “Chungking Express,” isawash in neon, Mr. Chen said.

“If his representations of Hong Kong in the popular imaginations are seminal,which I think they are,” he said, “you can’t separate that image from the neonambient glow.” But the neon of Hong Kong’s streets is dimming. Neon hasdeclined rapidly since the 1990s, sign makers and experts say, as buildingregulations here have tightened and new signs are made of LEDs, which lackneon’s warmth but are brighter and less expensive to maintain.

The Hong Kong Buildings Department has no record of how many neonsigns remain in the city or how many existed at their peak, but the depart-ment acknowledges that it removes hundreds of signs a year for failure tomeet code. Signs are removed for safety and structural reasons, or whenthey are abandoned or unauthorized. In a workshop with gray, peeling walls,Lau Wan, one of the last of Hong Kong’s neon sign makers, heated a glasstube on a naked flame, effortlessly bending it into the Chinese character forPolytechnic University.

Mr. Lau, who has been making neon signs by hand since 1957, helped turnHong Kong nights into blazing, garish days. He created one of the city’slargest and most famous signs, the red-and-white Panasonic billboard thatcovered an entire building on Nathan Road from 1973 to 1995.

Hong Kong IsSlowly DimmingIts Neon Glow


According to Guinness World Records, another Hong Kong sign, a 210-by-55-foot ad for Marlboro cigarettes, was the world’s largest in the 1980s. Itwas eclipsed here in 1999 by a giant dragon sign, about 299 feet by 151feet, Leila Wang, a Guinness spokeswoman, said. Now, at 75, Mr. Lau said hefeared that his craft was dying. “I want it preserved, but I probably won’t beable to see it,” he said. His colleague, Wu Chi-kai, 47, is the second-youngest of the nearly dozen neon sign makers left in the city, and there areno apprentices being trained for the next generation. “Just like every otherindustry, if the business is good, there must be new blood,” Mr. Wu said. “Ifno one is joining the industry, the reason is the lack of business.” Neon wasa Western import that quickly gained its own vocabulary in China, first inShanghai, then Hong Kong, combining the ancient Chinese art of calligraphywith modern advertising. Before computer fonts took over, master calligra-phers drafted the Chinese characters, making sketches that were traced bysign makers.

Fung Siu-wa, 66, calls himself the champion of the character outlining game.He still has no computer in his office, where the most advanced piece oftechnology is a television. Sipping a cup of black tea in his black silk tangsuit, he said the work involved spending time learning the shapes of thewords, understanding the structures of the characters and catering to theneeds of particular industries.“Every industry has different preference for typeface,” he said. “Restaurantsand hotels like more honest-looking characters, while more artistic busi-nesses like salons, nightclubs and karaoke prefer ethereal-looking ones thatgive a romantic and relaxing sensation.”

Certain tropes have developed, such as the badge-shaped sign that everyHong Kong resident knows as the logo for pawn shops. The designresembles a bat holding a coin in its mouth. The Chinese word for batsounds like the word for fortune, and the coin symbolizes wealth. What

the medium itself represents has changed over time. When Hong Kong firstfell for neon in the 1920s, it was an indicator of urban sophistication andprosperity. By the 1960s and ’70s, when some neighborhoods here wereas chockablock with neon as Times Square, it was considered gaudy, if notheadache-inducing. By the 1980s, neon signs were often associated withurban decay and red-light districts.

Today, as they grow scarcer, they have become retro-chic artifacts andobjects of nostalgia. Old signs are purchased as folk art by collectors andmuseums, while modern artists incorporate neon in their work. Mr. Chen ofM+ says the signs should remain in their natural habitat, suspended aboveHong Kong’s busy streets. But his museum has acquired signs to save themfrom the junk heap. M+, which for now has no space of its own, hopes todisplay them when its building is finished in 2019.

Plenty of handmade neon remains in the city for those who notice it. Mr.Chen says most residents do not. “Neon signs are so familiar to people inHong Kong that, of course, they almost don’t need to think about it,” hesaid. It often takes a foreign eye, he said, to see the beauty. The sign makers,however, play down any artistic pretension.

As their work began to blanket the city, art was not the point. “The onlyrequirement at that time was to be able to immediately catch someone’sattention among a street full of signs,” Mr. Wu said. “That was the standard.”Most of the work today, Mr. Wu said, consists of indoor decorative signs forboutiques, bars and restaurants. These pieces may be lovely, and may evenbe art, but they are obscure. The neon signs Mr. Wu and Mr. Lau once madewere seen by a city of seven million. “When foreigners came to Hong Kong,looking at the scenery of the narrow streets, and were stunned by the neonsigns, it made us sign makers quite proud,” Mr. Lau said. “We worked sohard for Hong Kong and were actually making contributions.”


Power package comprisingtrade fair, retail conference,ERDA award presentation and

Retail Tour From 18 to 20 May 2016C-star, Shanghai´s International TradeFair for Solutions and Trends allabout Retail, will take place for thesecond time. Its first edition wasalready a resounding success with162 exhibitors from 23 countriesand over 5,700 international tradevisitors. Even today, four monthsbefore the start of the secondevent, C-star boasts very goodreservation figures again with suchrenowned exhibitors asBarthelmess, Ganter, Geosheen,Hans Boodt, Lago by GroupOmega, Megaman, Schlegel, SI Retailand Tegometall already on board.The very positive response from theoutset can be attributed not only tothe fact that C-star is preciselytailored to the needs of the Chineseretail market but also that this tradefair is supported by an excellentancillary programme.

One highlight is the C-star RetailConference, the premiere of whichwas already very well received bythe top decision-makers in theindustry. The Trade Fair as well as theConference is organised by MesseDüsseldorf (Shanghai) Co Ltd withthe support of Mall China (Chineseshopping mall association) and theChina Commerce Association ofGeneral Merchandise (CCAGM).Acting as a chairman again will be Dr.Helmut Merkel, former Arcandorchairman and Karstadt CEO who isalso an Asian retail market insider.Co-chairman in 2016 will be Victor

Guo, president of Mall China andvice chairman of the Asia ShoppingCenter Council. This year’s C-starRetail Conference comes under themotto “Future of Retail – LocalHeroes with Global Potential”. Whilebig players often suffer fromeconomic crises or respond todevelopments in the industry rathersluggishly, local business actorsprove time and again how agile theyare. Embedded and grown up in aspecific environment they give proofof the fact that their businessmodels work very well over andover again, especially because theyknow their customers’ needs sowell. Even in times of crisis they arein a position to adapt and respondto market trends well. The C-starConference addresses the issues byasking: “What can we learn fromthese local heroes? Which valuesmake them so unique?”

The exciting panel of speakersincludes such experienced CEOsand retail professionals as VictorGuo (President MALLCHINA,Beijing); Allesandra Cama (ManagingDirector GFK, Asia); Weilong Li (CEO,President and founder of “HappyFamily”); Kurt JOX (ManagingDirector, Home Furniture Market,PORTA Service & Beratungs GmbH);Heinz Hackl (CEO René LEZARD);Horst Jostock and Bernhard Huber(Managing Directors ALETE GmbH);Nikolaus, Soukup (ManagingDirector Hornbach, Hong Kong); KaiMoewes (Managing DirectorRICOSTA Shoes); Dieter Brandes(Managing Director Konsequent-Einfach and former ALDI manager);

Ingo Marten, Product Manager T-Systems, “Digital Division”; RüdigerGollücke (CEO Myfairnet AG); KlausStriebich (Managing Director ECEProjectmanagment GmbH & Co KGand President of the GermanShopping Mall Association). Thecomplete conference programmecan be accessed at www.c-star-expo.com.

Another highlight in the ancillaryprogramme for C-star is thepresentation of the covetedEuroShop Retail Design Awards2016 (ERDA). For what is already theninth time now these awards for theworld’s best retail store conceptswill be presented by MesseDüsseldorf jointly with the EHI RetailInstitute. In the “EuroShop years“(2017 being the next date) theceremony takes place in Düsseldorf,in the years in-between the C-star inShanghai provides the ideal settingfor this renowned industry award.During C-star 2016 the award will bepresented as part of a festiveceremony at the Kempinski HotelPudong on the evening of 18 May.

All those not only wishing to benefitin Shanghai from the innovativetrends and solutions of theinternational exhibitors and the

Dynamic Future Platform with ExcellentAncillary Programme specifically gearedto Retailers

insider knowledge shared at the C-star Conference but also to immersethemselves in the Chinese retailworld can take the C-star Retail Tour.This study trip is offered by the EHIRetail Institute in cooperation withMesse Düsseldorf. Featuring on theagenda are visits to leadingshopping centres and retail stores.The store visits are performed on 17May, the day before C-star. Thestudy trip itinerary includes thestores ShangXia, Bosideng and 10Corso Como as well as the Reel Mall,to name but four destinations.Admission to C-star as well asparticipation in the ancillaryconference programme and thepresentation of the EuroShop RetailDesign Awards form part of this EHITour. For details on the programmeand participation fees contact:Marieke Bossek, Messe Duesseldorf(Shanghai) Co., Ltd.,[email protected], Tel.:0086-21-6169 8309. The nextEuroShop will be held in Düsseldorffrom 5 to 9 March 2017. The lastEuroShop in 2014 attracted 109,496trade visitors from around 100countries who wanted to learn allabout the facets, innovations andtrends in the global retail world,presented by 2,229 exhibitors from56 nations.


In light of climate change andincreasingly scarce resources, theenergy-efficient operation of

buildings is gaining in importance.Essential requirements for this are anenergy-efficient architectural design,an insulated building exterior andmodern installation engineering witha high level of efficiency. Ultimately,the consumption of energy for

lighting, heating and coolingdepends on both the building useand user behaviour. These areindefinite factors for determining thelevel of consumption which canscarcely be met using conventionalmethods.

However, with a dynamic manage-ment system, the energy usage canbe optimally matched to demandduring operation. Building automa-tion with KNX offers the bestpreconditions for this. It ensures theeconomical use of energy and thusincreases the energy efficiency ofthe building.

Bus devices regulate and control thegenerated heating and coolingcapacity in line with demand.Lighting installations are operatedmore efficiently using sensors andtimer programs. The integratedautomation system spans all thetrades and also enables links withdaylight systems, sun protectionsystems, ventilation flaps and othersystems whereby further energy-

saving potentials can be exploited.Intelligent capture of consumptiondata (Smart Metering) as well ascoupling with intelligent networks(Smart Grid) opens up newpossibilities for further optimisationand increased energy efficiencyboth today and in the future.

Since the building system technol-ogy is available for the electricalinstallation, KNX functions guaranteesavings in energy costs for artificiallighting, heating, air conditioning andventilation systems as well as otherloads. With the further developmentof the system which has alreadybeen in existence for 20 years, theopen- and closed-looped controlsystems have been refined and thusincreasingly better results areachieved.

Nowadays, the savings rates thathave been achieved in practice areup to 60 percent and more for thelighting while up to 50 percent ispossible for individual room controlas a practical study shows. Of

course these types of comparisonsassume a connection to conven-tional methods. In the case ofrenovations in which the buildinghas been improved in terms of itsenergy efficiency and the installationengineering has been modernised,the control technology contributesto the efficiency gain by at least 5 to20 percent.

As often occurs in practice, ifoptimisation of the energy con-sumption has only been carried outsome time after the initial occupationof the building and after experienc-ing day-to-day operations, theconcrete results are persuasive.

RAPID AMORTISATION

In the case of at least two projects,direct investment costs foroptimising the energy flow areamazingly low compared to theresults. An amortisation was carriedout immediately. This is linked to theintegrated approach and multipleuse of the system. Building

KNX automation makes buildings moreefficient

Adapt thedemand forheating,cooling andlighting

20 | March - April 2015 | Light Expresscontinued on p22

www.siemens.com/gamma

automation with KNX offers all kindsof benefits: a flexible electricalinstallation for changes of use andextensions, more efficiency in themanagement and maintenance ofthe building, increased security formaterial assets and people, a higherlevel of comfort and well-being inthe workplace, both in public andresidential buildings.

The management of energy savingsis therefore only one of these. Thetotal investment costs are thusspread across many benefits. Oncethe installations and functions havebeen integrated, further reductionsin the energy consumption canoften be achieved simply throughprogramming, without the need foradditional hardware and installations.

In the projects that have been putforward, almost all of them featurepossible savings measures with KNXwhich often simultaneously servecomfort, safety and economicaloperational flow.

Switching off and dimming

Saving energy means switching thelight off when you don’t need it.This sounds so simple but it is rarelyachieved in practice in moreextensive buildings with largenumbers of people coming andgoing.

In office buildings, schools,factories, warehouses, hotels, carparks and many other buildings,artificial lighting is left switched onfor many reasons. In the case ofbuilding automation with KNX, theduty cycle can for example be

adapted to the actual lightingrequirement with the help of a timerprogram. This measure alone canachieve high savings which can befurther optimised depending on theroom use and building type, forexample through using daylight andautomatic cutoff when there issufficient external brightness.

A further enhancement of theautomation is constant lightingcontrol which guarantees acomfortable lux value at theworkplace through optimum use ofdaylight.

Presence-dependent and thusaccurate demand-based controlsystems areincreasingly beingapplied – ideal forstaircases,corridors or otherspontaneouslyused areas of thebuilding. Lightswith presencedetectors can alsobe operated withincreased energyefficiency inoffices, schoolsetc.

They thenbecome elementsof the roomautomation, areintegrated with theblinds, roomtemperaturecontrol andventilation andthus offer multiplebenefits.

Regulating the heating andcooling

Electronic individual room tempera-ture control promises a clear savingpotential. It is therefore the mostefficient method of using the heatingand cooling energy generated viathe heating system or air condition-ing system. Demand-based energyuse can be achieved via a timerprogram with a temperature profileor even via the presence signal.

As the temperature variables of allthe rooms are available centrallythroughout the KNX system, heatingand cooling energy can begenerated according to demand

and with a high level of efficiency.

In modern, purpose-built buildingswith glass facades, fully-automaticsun protection systems areindispensable. Their primary tasks areshading and cooling to ensure thewell-being of the people in thebuilding. As these are likewisecontrolled with KNX, additionalfunctions for improving the energyefficiency are provided in combina-tion with room temperature controland lighting control.

For example: daylight redirection,use of solar energy in winter andautomatic night cooling in thesummer.


www.siemens.com/buildingautomation

AUTOMOTIVE lighting isundergoing a quietrevolution, leading to new

vehicle designs and providingenhanced nighttime safety. But whilemany of the innovations havebecome common in Europe andAsia, they have been slower to arrivein the United States.

The changes are made possibleprimarily through the increased useof LED lamps, the same technologyused in the newest generation ofhome lighting. LED lamps are smaller,run cooler and use less energy thanstandard automotive lamps.

“LEDs let us package light in smallerspaces, so we can create asignature look,” said ShannenBorngesser, an exterior lightingengineer for General Motors.Headlights and taillights can now beconstructed in different shapes andpatterns that, much like a car’s tailfins in the 1960s, immediatelyidentify a particular make and model.

Even to the untrained eye, there isno mistaking the front of an Audiwith its sharply angled LED daytimelights, the four circles of a BMW’sheadlight system or the vertical redstrip of a Cadillac Escalade’s rearlights and white blades of itsheadlights.

Behind the scenes, and mostly inother countries, manufacturers aredeveloping new ways to use light tomake nighttime driving safer. Bycombining LED lamps with cameras,a vehicle’s headlights can be morethan just a set of low and highbeams, and instead continuouslyalter their light patterns to exactly fitthe immediate road conditions.

An early version of this system hasbeen offered by Opel, G.M.’sEuropean division, in several modelsfor 12 years. Its current version, AFL

Plus (for “adaptive forward lightingplus”) determines the condition ofthe road and, using a rotating druminside a xenon headlamp, createsnine variations of the beam pattern.

But it’s the increased use of LEDlamps that is allowing manufacturersto fine-tune this technology. Givenan LED’s smaller size, cars can packmore bulbs into each headlight,each of which can then be turnedon and off to create unique lightpatterns based on road conditionsand the amount of oncoming traffic.This ensures that other drivers arenever blinded by oncomingheadlights, while the driver of thevehicle using the system receives anoptimal view of the road.

Opel’s AFL Plus system using LEDswill be introduced this summer; itwill be able to create 256 beampatterns, said Ingolf Schneider,Opel’s director of lighting technol-ogy.

Audi, the luxury division ofVolkswagen, has been a leader inlighting technology. Its high-performance R8 includes an optionallaser high beam. And five of itssedan and sport utility vehiclemodels can be bought with an LED-based high-beam matrix headlight.

The system is so good at not shininglight on vehicles traveling ahead of itthat the high beam can remain onand adjust itself, even if eight carsare in front.

But American drivers have yet to seethe benefits of the new technology.When those cars are sold in theUnited States, all those models arefitted with standard headlights.

Regulations in the United Statesspecify that headlights must create aspecific pattern. While they canrotate when a car turns a corner, the

pattern is not allowed to changeshape. Because of restrictions likethese, “lighting advances are comingfrom Europe and Japan,” saidStephan Berlitz, Audi’s head oflighting technology.

While Chrysler doesn’t offer vehicleswith LED headlights, it is interested increating a matrix high-beam systemsimilar to Audi’s.

“The industry is very excited by theadaptive driving beam,” said DennisNovack, the development lead forexterior lighting for Fiat Chrysler.

Manufacturers see other technolo-gies eventually creating even moreefficient, attractive and safe lighting.Opel is in the early stages of testingheadlights that will respond to adriver’s eye movements, which aretracked by an in-vehicle camera.Algorithms and exterior cameras willensure that a beam’s pattern anddirection do not change every timedrivers look at billboards or theirfeet. The system won’t be availablefor at least five years, Ms. Borngessersaid.

Audi conceives of a time whenheadlights will be able to projectpatterns, like a foot path on the roadto help a pedestrian cross a darkstreet, or lines to the left and right ofa vehicle as it passes through aconstruction zone, allowing thedriver to get a better sense of thesize of the constricted road, Mr.Berlitz said.

And while LED lamps have migratedto a vehicle’s rear, creating brightsheets of brake lights, turn signalsand taillights that illuminate almostinstantaneously, car manufacturersand designers are entranced by thepossibilities of OLED, or organic lightemitting diode, technology.

OLED light can be manufactured in

thin sheets, giving designers theability to place light wherever on thecar’s body they desire. Andbecause OLED light sources take upso little room, vehicle space couldbe freed up for other uses or tocreate other shapes.

Still, the use of OLED light sources isyears off, because the technology isstymied by current low light outputand high cost.

To encourage the National HighwayTraffic Safety Administration tochange its rules regarding matrix highbeams, the Society of AutomotiveEngineers has been working for overa year to create a set of standardsthat the government agency couldthen use as a basis for rule-makingchanges. Last year, Audi brought aEuropean version of its A8 sedan tothe United States to demonstrate itstechnology to government officials.

But approval, if it happens, will mostlikely take years, officials say,because changing American lightingregulations is an elaborate and slowprocess involving testing, publiccomments and rule making. Onceapproved, manufacturers then haveto fit the changes into theirproduction schedules. “We’relooking at ways to amend thelighting standard to allow systems toprovide even better lighting,” saidGordon Trowbridge, a spokesmanfor the agency. “It’s a frustrating andtime-consuming process. We havean obligation that the U.S. govern-ment not act rashly.”

With LED Lights, Automakers RevealAll the Road We Cannot See


Back in 2013, $10 was a sweetdeal for a 40-watt equivalent(6-watt) warm-white light-

emitting diode (LED) bulb.

Now, consumers can scoop upthree LED bulbs for that price with anew offering from GE.

GE unveiled its Bright Stik LED lastweek, a 60-watt-equivalent bulb thatis designed to woo consumersaway from compact fluorescents, atechnology many users were neverthrilled with in the first place.

The time is now to capture themarket. GE estimates that LEDs willgrow in the residential lighting marketfrom 10 percent today to more than50 percent by 2020. Five years ago,a 60-watt-equivalent LED was about$45.

GE is not alone in driving downprices. Earlier this year, Philips rolled

out a dimmable, warm-light LED forabout $5 with utility rebates at HomeDepot. The utility rebates areavailable in more than 40 states. For anon-dimmable bulb, Philips has acurrent offer of an A19 two-pack for$5. Not to be left out, Wal-Mart’sGreat Value brand LED 60-wattequivalent sells for about $4.

By comparison, compactfluorescents at Home Depot sell forabout $3 to $10 per bulb.

“As we undergo this lightingtechnology shift, we collaboratewith our vendors to provide ourcustomers with lighting options thatsave them money and energy,” JoeyCorona, Light Bulb Merchant forHome Depot, said in a statement.“With the GE Bright Stik, we workedclosely with GE to develop anaffordable LED to replace spiral CFLsthat offers superior quality light andfunction.”

New Consumer LED Light Bulbs Are NowCheaper Than Compact Fluorescents

For consumers who are wary of LEDs after bad experiences with the lightquality of early bulb models -- or frustrated by the performance of CFLs -- therange of affordable LED options, both in terms of shape, color, warranty andperformance, could win them over quickly once they are lured by the lowprices at the store.

And for more savvy consumers who want features beyond just dimming orcolor options for their LEDs, the price of connected LEDs is also falling andshould drop further as connected-home platforms, such as those fromsecurity companies, cable providers, Nest and Apple, continue to drive themarket.


“It is only a matter of time beforewhite LEDs using blue LED chipswill disappear from the market,”

said Shuji Nakamura at a forum onGaN technology in July organizedby Nikkei Asian Review. Thecomment from the inventor of theblue LED chip and Nobel Laureateshocked the industry. Nakamurashares a Nobel Prize in Physics withtwo Japanese inventors IsamuAkasaki and Hiroshi Amano for theirinvention of the blue LED. Yet,Nakamura’s recent remark com-pletely derails his previous accom-plishments. Industry insiders in Chinatry to decode Nakamura’s com-ments to determine whether itreflects embedded flaws in blueLEDs design, or whether his motiveis to promote Soraa’s purple LEDs.

Is Nakamura just trying to promoteSoraa?

LEDs are basically narrowband lightsources made from semiconductorcomponents, capable of emittingwavelengths ranging from IR to UVrays. The first LED wavelength rangedfrom IR wavelengths to green lights.Prerequisites for blue LED researchincluded high quality crystal growthtechnology, and P-type dopingtechnology control in widebandgap semiconductors. All thesetechnologies emerged in the late1980s, only then was GaN basedsystems realized. Additionally, highlyefficient blue LED R&D also requiresthe manufacturing of different GaN-based compounds, while combin-ing it with different types ofsubstrate materials to create a multi-

layer quantum dot well structure.

Excited by blue LED rays, phosphorcoatings on the LEDs can emitdifferent color of lights includinggreen and red. White light is createdby combining these colors.Additionally, merging complimentarycolored LEDs, such as red, greenand blue can also create white light.These two technologies have beenapplied in highly efficient white lightsources, and achieved significantenergy saving results.

Nakamura pointed out the wave-length of light emitted from blueLEDs combined with phosphorpowder is usually not uniform, andthere tends to be overtly high bluelight peak wavelength values. Thiscan disrupt people’s sleeping

patterns, commonly known as the“blue light issue”. On the otherhand, the average white light madefrom blue LED and phosphor doesnot contain UV rays. Hence, thereare color differences in LEDs, whichare sometimes different from naturalsunlight, UV rays, and other lightsources.

Therefore, Nakamura announced“white LEDs using blue LEDs willeventually disappear from themarket”, emphasizing Soraa’s whiteLED solution is the best.

Nakamura is the co-founder ofSoraa, a company that has mostlybeen selling purple LED chips thatcombined red, green, and whiteLEDs that combine blue LEDs withphosphor. Is Nakamura’s remark an

Purple LEDs to Replace Blue LEDs?


attempt to promote and benefit hiscompany?

Most LED industry insiders believeNakamura is trying to promote hiscompany products.

“It’s quite amusing to see an inventorto belittle his own invention,” said arepresentative from WhichLEDs.

Other attendees agree. “It’s verynatural for people to assumeNakamura intent was to promote hisbusiness when he made thiscomment,” said Haipo Wang, VicePresident of China Association ofLighting Industry (CALI) and head ofInstitute of Optoelectric MaterialDepartment at Nanjing TechUniversity.

Others believe Nakamura’scomments were based on hisexpertise in the field. “Nakamurafounded a company focused onpurple LED R&D because he saw itspotential,” said Wu Hongjian,Chairman of Shanghai LightingAssociation. “It is difficult to saywhether his remarks were solelybased on the company profits.” Wu

also is an expert from the ChineseSociety of Rare Earths.

Chao Liang, Deputy General Managerat Jiangsu Bree Optronics, alsobelieved as a scientist and NobelPrize Winner, Nakamura hasreasonable theories and logicreasoning in his negative outlook onblue LEDs.

Lattice Power Executive VicePresident Zhengyi Chen agreed too.“I believe he based his judgment onhis understanding of LED technol-ogy,” said Chen.

The advantages of purple LEDs

It will be difficult to determine themotive of Nakamura’s comment, butan objective comparison can bedrawn between purple and blueLEDs.

Purple LED potential and outlookwas affirmed by Wu Hong. “Whitelight efficiency is higher whenconverted from purple LEDs, lightingdistribution is more uniform, and hasbetter CRI,” he said. “These can cutenergy, reduce carbon emission,

and improve lighting quality. Allthese carry significant meaning. Eventhough it has not become wide-spread on the market because of itshigh pricing, its advantages are quiteobvious.”

What specific advantages doeswhite LEDs made from purple LEDshave?

High CRI. When white light is createdfrom exciting phosphor coated onpurple LEDs, the peak wavelength ofthe blue light is not as intense.Moreover, the output encompassesall visible light wavelengths. Hence,CRI is much higher, and closer toideal white light found in sunlight. Ithas a high red CRI R9, and can reachRa 95.

High luminous efficacy: Purple LEDs are manufactured usingGaN substrates, and the chip isproduced by placing GaN semicon-ductors on a GaN substrate. Inshort, this is a type of GaN-on-GaNLED. GaN semiconductors havebetter crystal quality, and higherpurple LED luminous efficiency. Itsluminous efficiency has risen rapidly.

Purple LED chips are usuallytriangular, compared to normal LEDchips rectangular shape. Thetriangular purple LED’s luminescentlayer has better light emittancecompared to square shaped LEDs.Due to purple LEDs high crystalquality and good light extractionefficiency, its wall-plug efficiency(WPE) can reach 84%. Average blueLEDs WPE in general is between50% to 60%.

Average blue LED chips aremanufactured on sapphire sub-strates. Since GaN semiconductorstend to have a different latticeconstant compared to sapphire,mismatches can occur and lead toflaws in the crystal. Mismatchesalmost never exist in GaN substrates,so the resulting crystals are normallyflawless. Compared to sapphiresubstrate products, crystal mismatchcan be lowered to about 1/1000.

Another advantage of purple LEDchips is its less likely to have droopissues. Droop occurs when thepower from the driver is raised toincrease the brightness of the chip,the issue of droop presents


difficulties in increasing brightness inLED chips. In comparison, GaN-on-GaN’s higher crystal qualitycompared to sapphire substratesreduces droop. Hence, GaN-basedproducts are able to drive voltagesfive to 10 times higher than sapphiresubstrate products.Blue LEDs to exit the market?

High white LED Color RenderingIndex (CRI) can be reached by usingpurple light or RGB phosphorexcited by purple LED light. Withpurple LED chip power efficiencyupgraded to a whole new level,more industry experts are preferringpurple LEDs. Hence, will blue LEDseventually exit the market?

Purple and RGB phosphor hasreached mass production levels,said a representative fromWhichLEDs. Purple LEDs developedto replace traditional fluorescentlamps use high voltage mercuryvapor arc to create UV rays, butwhite light formed from UV LEDsdoes not have overwhelmingadvantages. Since blue LED is aprimary color, and a necessity increating white light, it is unlikely todisappear from the market in thenear future.

“There are merits and demerits inusing blue LEDs to create white light,issues include blue light wavelengthpeaks, and point light source,” saidWang. “Currently, manufacturers areusing phosphor powder technol-ogy to lower the intensity of bluelight and scale up the light source’scolor rendering index (CRI). Lightdistribution technology can reduceglare,” said Wang. The quality of bluelight is also being optimized. “BlueLED researchers are raising energyquality, and believe blue light willbecome more competitive on themarket.”

The outcome of the race betweenblue and purple LEDs technology isunclear. Relationship between thetwo is comparable to LCD andplasma display TVs, even though thetwo serve the same purpose,different technologies wereincorporated to achieve the desiredresults, said Wang. The racebetween blue and purple LEDs hasbeen “inconclusive”. “The winner on

the market can be compared totaking the university entrance exam, itdepends on the exam questionsand the person’s test results. It alsodepends on how others fare on theexam, and who has the mostadvantages.”

Blue LED is still the mainstreamtechnology used to produce whitelight, said Zhen Chen. Purple LEDscan be used in high end white LEDlighting applications. “Technologyplays a small role in determiningwhether a product will be re-placed,” said Chen. “Costs,consumer habits, and mainstreammanufacturers choices are some ofthe main factors affecting aproduct’s market share.”

“It is difficult to judge at the momentwhether purple LED can lead futuremarket trends, and force blue LEDsto exit the market,” said Chao Liang.“Related policies, material, equip-ment, supply chain, and supportlevel will all effect industry develop-ment.’

Is White LEDs a short-lived technol-ogy?

Whether blue or purple LED lightsources resemble natural light isunimportant, since the issue of glareand blue light radiation still exist andis harmful to the human eye,according to some netizens.Additionally, there might be betteralternative light sources than LEDs interms of color rendering, andemitting a gentle and less harsher

light. Could white LED technologymore similar to natural light vanish orwill it congregate into a bigdevelopment trend.

Glare is not unique to LED lightsources, all high brightness lightsources can cause glare, analyzedWhichLEDs. Higher energy lightbeams can cause greater damage toa person’s skin and eye cells, soglare is not LEDs greatest disadvan-tage. Glare can be controlled usingreasonable luminaire design. In thefuture, controlling blue light intensityin the white light spectrum caneffectively control blue lightradiation.

Purple LEDs blue light radiation mightbe even stronger, which makes itdifficult to promote purple LEDs.Currently, Philips has added 410 nmwavelength purple LEDs in its CrispWhite COB product. It can excite thefluorescent compounds in fibers toemit brilliant white colors. However,such luminaires cannot be used inmost mainstream lighting, and canonly be used in clothing retail orphoto studios. Long term exposureto such lighting environments cangreatly damage the skin.

“LEDs are not particularly strong incolor rendering, and it is possiblefor other lighting technologies toachieve very high color renderingindex and gentle beam angle. Thereare corresponding lighting productsfor every application field. Eventhough LEDs are not the bestreplacements, it can replace certain

or some application field products.It is impossible for one type oftechnology to fulfill every marketdemand, analyzed WhichLEDs.

LEDs will remain the most importantreplacement light source, said Chen.“By sacrificing brightness and costs,color rendering and gentler lightemissions are adjustable param-eters,” said Chen. Alternativetechnologies on the market includeOLED and Light Emitting Plasma (LEP),but both are still far from replacingLEDs. The two technologiespossess certain advantages in nichemarkets, but will be used mostly as asupplementary to LED light sources,he added.

Other industry experts includingWang and Wu believe Quantum DotLEDs, OLED, and LEP are still beingdeveloped and will not be the finalstop in solid state lighting (SSL)developments.

To conclude, WhichLEDs outlinedthree white LED trends. The LEDs willbe applied to meet general lightingmarket demands, and it will have topossess high energy efficiency.Lighting expenditure amounted for12% of global energy consumption.Future white LEDs will have highcolor rendering index that is close tonatural sunlight. Lastly, LEDs will havehigh color saturation and white LEDswill be able to cover most of thewavelengths on the spectrum. Thisdevelopment will be partly spurredby developments in phosphortechnology.


Occupancy sensors are aproven strategy to reducelighting energy consump-

tion. As such, they are mandated bycommercial building energy codes.

Current codes require a maximum30-minute time delay. Time delay is afield-adjustable setting thatdetermines the amount of timebetween last detected occupancyand the lights switching or dimming.Newer codes may reduce that to 20minutes.

Shorter time delays translate tohigher energy savings. However,very short time delays can producemore frequent switching, which canshorten fluorescent lamp life.Meanwhile, longer time delays serveas insurance against nuisanceswitching by ensuring the space is

truly unoccupied.

The advent of LED lighting creates anopportunity to increase energysavings by reducing time delays. LEDsources are instant-ON and do notexperience an appreciablereduction in lamp life due tofrequent switching. Theoretically,time delay could be reduced to 5minutes or less, though a majority ofcurrent sensors do not offer settingsthat low.

To address false triggering that leaveoccupants in the dark, multiplecheap sensors could be deployedto ensure reliable detection. This is astrong potential for that withnetworks of luminaire-integratedsensors installed in open officeplans.

National Research Council Canada(NRC) put these ideas to the test in asimulation study of an ideal officelighting control system. Occupancydata was recorded in a spaceconsisting of six 6×8 workstationsin a windowless room over 10 daysbetween 7 AM and 7 PM (12hours). The lighting consisted ofluminaires mounted over eachworkstation. NRC applied threecontrol scenarios to this application:

Scenario #1: Timer Control. Thisbenchmark scenario represents thetraditional approach of centrallycontrolling all luminaires viascheduled ON/OFF, with the lightsoperating the full 12 hours. Energyconsumption over the 10 days wascalculated at 7.2 kWh.

Scenario #2: Adaptive CentralControl. This scenario featurescentral control but with a single localoccupancy sensor set with a 10-minute time delay. The lights are ONfrom the time the first occupantarrives until the last occupant leaves.Energy use: 6.1 kWh, 15% energy

savings compared to Scenario #1.

Scenario #3: Multiple Sensors andTime Delays: Each workstation hasdedicated occupancy sensing. Timedelays are set at 30 (Scenario #3a),20 (3b), 10 (3c), 1 (3d) and zero(3e) minute(s). Multiple sensors forreliable detection are required at thelower time delay settings of 1 andzero minute(s).

NRC evaluated energy savings,comparing these options againstScenario #1, and found:

• Scenario 3a (30 minutes),22% energy savings• Scenario 3b (20 minutes),26.4% energy savings• Scenario 3c (10 minutes),31.9% energy savings• Scenario 3d (1 minute),45.8% energy savings• Scenario 3e (0 minutes),48.6% energy savings

In “A Quick Timeout” (LD+A,December 2014), NRC researchersDr. Erhan E. Dikel and Dr. Guy R.Newsham wrote, “Overall, Scenario3-d seems like the best balancebetween maximizing savings, withsome protection against falsenegatives.”

They added that a detailed costanalysis and human factors study ofthe acceptance of this frequency ofswitching are needed beforeapplication in a commercial building.

Regarding lamp life, shorter timedelays are ideally suited to LED,though there may be potential forfluorescent. While shorter timedelays results in more frequentswitching, with associated reductionin lamp life, actual operating time isgreatly reduced.

Deployment of LED lighting alsoprovides another opportunity for

Higher Occupancy Sensor ResolutionPromises Greater Savings

greater resolution. The researchersoffered a scenario where lighting ismodularized within the workstationby task, with advanced sensingdetecting not just occupancy, butalso task being performed. Thelighting would instantaneously raiseand lower light levels based onlocation of the occupant and task.The proliferation of LED lighting isopening the door to new energy-saving opportunities with occu-pancy sensors by reducing timedelays.


In our discussion with MichaelSiminovitch, Director of theCalifornia Lighting Technology

Center (CLTC) and the RosenfeldChair in Energy Efficiency and aprofessor in the Department ofDesign at UC Davis, we talk aboutadaptive outdoor lighting and theurban fabrics of light. In part 2, we’llcover how standards, biology,energy goals and other factors play arole in setting thoughtful lightingstrategies.

Echelon: Let’s start with somebasics. What is adaptive lighting?

Michael Siminovitch: Adaptivelighting is actually a very simpleconstruct. What it means is thatlighting changes automatically,according to need.

ECHELON: How did the CaliforniaLighting Technology Center (CLTC)become interested in adaptivelighting?

SIMINOVITCH: The CLTC wasestablished as a true public/privatepartnership where industry, theutilities, and the public entities herein California—the efficiencyentities—looked at the next stepsthey could engage in to helpaccelerate the development ofsustainable lighting technologies.

About 12 years ago, we startedlooking at night-time lighting,particularly in the acres of parkinglots and exterior lighting where lightsstay on for extremely long periodsof time, and wondered what we

could do about that. We pulledtogether an industry partnership toexplore what could be done withemerging technologies, with lightingcontrols, and with solid-statetechnology, to make a significantimpact on the waste of energy andlight pollution and light disturbanceshappening around these lightedoutdoor spaces.We asked, could we dynamicallyaddress the lighting according toneed, and to do it in a way thatpreserves safety and security andaesthetics? This isn’t just aboutturning off the lights. It’s the idea ofreducing lighting levels duringperiods of low activity to saveenergy, while adjusting lightingdynamically to maintain andaccentuate safety.

ECHELON: How did you getstarted in implementing theseadaptive lighting approaches forreal-world outdoor spaces?

SIMINOVITCH: One of our earlyprojects, which was the first fullyadaptive parking lot in the country,was done here in California with oneof our lighting partners. The UCDavis chief of police reviewed theplan and worked with us on theproject. Lighting is a very importantamenity that supports safety andsecurity and provides properegress. We wanted to make surethat the people who were the keystakeholders of the safety andsecurity community were reallyinvolved in this process.

So we tried dynamically adjusting

Exploring the Urban Fabrics of Light


lighting, to bring it down tosomething like the 50% level—notturning it off—during periods ofinactivity, but restoring it very quicklyto full level when integrated sensorsdetected any kind of motion. In ourearly work with the police depart-ment, we found that this kind of bi-

level capability accentuated thesense of security and safety.

ECHELON: How can adaptivelighting help accentuate safety andsecurity?

SIMINOVITCH: Say you’re moving

into a parking lot or going into apathway and a light all of a suddenbecomes brighter because itdetects motion. Or say that thelighting level jumps from 50% to100% because it senses motion. Itheightens your awareness thatsomebody is there, or there’s

movement. For security profession-als, if they’re watching a nighttimearea lit at 50% and suddenly onearea brightens, they can payattention and maybe investigate thatarea.

ECHELON: What are some other


ways that adaptive lighting can beuseful, beyond the obvious energysavings of diminishing light levelswhen 100% isn’t necessary?

SIMINOVITCH: Let’s look at howadaptive lighting is evolving. Initially,the controls are onboard eachfixture, and it’s sort of a singularity.The fixture gets installed in the fieldand it offers sensor control and thebi-level functionality we’ve dis-cussed. You get good energysavings and it works well, but itopens the doors to other opportu-nities. The next step is to usestrategically located sensors thatcommunicate to one or morefixtures. With this kind of networkedlighting, you can centralize thecontrol sensing capability. Beingable to make decisions locally and

then communicate them regionally,as the Lumewave from Echeloncontrols do, is an attractive concept.In a pathway or road or large parkinglot, you can sense at one point andRF communicate to multiple fixtures,downstream or upstream.

You can also report back to a homebase. Now you’ve got really goodenergy reporting, and energyreporting is critical in controllednetworks. Knowing what timespecific lights were on is importantfor energy policy and also for safetyand security functions. Energyreporting tells you whensomething’s not working, so youcan improve your maintenancefunctions.

ECHELON: Where is this kind of

networked, adaptive lighting beingused today?

SIMINOVITCH: The University ofCalifornia at Davis (UCD) has thelargest networked university campusin the United States. Over 1600points of outdoor lighting is fullynetworked [using Lumewave byEchelon technology]. UC Davis plansto add to the network and add

more in the near future. We’relearning all kinds of very interestingthings about the flow of traffic, theflow of people, how lights are beingused, and at what time.It’s a way to really understand howour urban fabric of lights are actuallyused. And I think this is going to betremendously informative as weevolve new lighting systems aroundthe whole adaptive lightingparadigm.


Light + Building is a fixed variablewhen it comes to lighting andbuilding services engineering. Thetrade fair, which runs from 13 to 18March 2016, is a firm entry on thecalendars of national and interna-tional manufacturers and tradevisitors. The sector will be meetingup in Frankfurt am Main on six daysthat will focus on the over-arching

central theme “Where modernspaces come to life: digital –individual – networked”. Businesscontacts will be established for thefuture and new products presented.With a lot of new informationcollected, new business partnersand orders in the bag, everyone canlook forward to a successful future.Light + Building is all that: sector

platform, showcase for newproducts and roadmap for thefuture.

To complete the picture, Light +Building also offers, in addition tothe presentation of productinnovations on the part of theexhibitors, a comprehensivecomplementary programme. Thisinvolves reports from experts in theirfields on current developments inthe sector and, in a series oflectures, they will be presentingexamples of best practice. On topof that there are award ceremoniesfor innovations in products anddesign trends.

The latest trends will be displayed inspecial shows and youngermembers of the profession will findsupport and sponsorship, as well ashaving events staged specially withthem in mind. At the forthcomingevent, the emphasis will be placedon safety and security technology,building information modelling(BIM), digital building and trends inthe lighting market. There is a multi-faceted and broad range ofofferings on specific topics for alltrade visitors, including architects,engineers, planners, interiorarchitects, designers, tradesmen andwomen, wholesalers and retailers, aswell as for those working in industry.Experience the future: newproducts, trends and sector know-how.

The new special show DigitalBuilding picks up on Light+Building's motto, “Where modernspaces come to life”, and puts fleshon the bones of the notion of“digital – individual – networked”,using examples of a variety oftechnical solutions. The focus of the

special show is on “Rooms in non-residential buildings”. The specialshow provides models for the useof the technology and the system-atic networked integration of thecomponents within modern rooms.

The latest developments in variousdifferent areas of building servicesengineering are to be presented onindividual 'technology islands' aspart of networked systems. Tocomplement the 'technologyislands' there will, in the central areaof the special show, be a display ofthe kinds of possibilities andoptions for applications that openup with the increasing digitisation ofbuilding services technology. Thedemonstration will be presentedwith the help of two exampleapplications in an office.

Building Performance offers tradevisitors the opportunity to find outmore about issues relating to lightingand integrated building servicestechnology in a series of seminarsand lectures. In their lectures, well-known and respected experts intheir field from Germany and fromabroad will consider in detail thelatest developments and techno-logical solutions and invite discus-sion about them.

A particular attraction for architects,interior architects, specialist lightingretailers and designers is the TrendForum, which presents the trends inthe home for 2016/17 exclusively atLight + Building. The Forum stagesvarious home scenarios andshowcases selected products,integrated in unusual room designs.At the heart of things are four mainstylistic trends, which are picked upon in diverse life-style scenarios. TheTrend Forum will be designed and

Focus on the future:

Multi-faceted offering for all trade visitors: information gathering at lectures by experts in their field, special events tosupport the up-coming generation

COMPLEMENTARY PROGRAMME AT LIGHT + BUILDING2016 SHOWCASES NEW PRODUCTS AND TRENDS


realised by the internationally well-known Trend Bureau,bora.herke.palmisano.

Several times a day, there will beguided tours that go into greaterdetail about the scenarios stagedand provide facts about currenttrends in the home.

The E-House, organised by theZVEH (Central Association of theGerman Electrical and InformationTechnology Industry), demonstrateswhat networked building servicestechnology and intelligent energymanagement look like from the pointof view of the end consumer. The'energy-saving power plant' shows,in a realistic context, the effect of theenergy revolution in practice andhow it is already possible, today, forenergy efficiency and increasedcomfort, convenience and securityto go hand in hand.

The debating format offered byFuturecourse brings together, at Light+ Building 2016, representativesfrom politics, commerce andindustry at the world's largest tradefair for lighting and building servicesengineering. Over the four days ofthe trade fair, two or three guests ata time will discuss current issues in achaired debate. Following on fromthis, the audience will be able toraise questions of their own.

Futurecourse is part of the Technol-ogy Forum which is being organisedjointly by Messe Frankfurt and theAssociation of the German Electricaland Electronics Industry(Zentralverband Elektrotechnik- undElektronikindustrie e.V. - ZVEI) and isaimed at encouraging dialoguebetween exhibitors and visitors.

Promoting the future; focus on theskilled professionals of tomorrowFocus on the world of tomorrowwith 'Meeting Point Future'. The titleencompasses various projects thatsupport the younger generation.This special institution has becomeestablished within the framework ofthe complementary programme andis aimed at both visitors andexhibitors.

In ‘Workshop Street’, young tradevisitors and trainees from the

electrical and information technol-ogy trades have the chance to learnabout the latest techniques andinstallation procedures in practicalsituations at a series of workstations.

A certificate, recording theirparticipation, will be available forthose who complete the courseand try their hand at all stations.The prevention of accidents andhealth and safety at work are at thecentre of concern in the safety atwork seminars. This section isoffered to young people alreadytraining in the relevant professionsand provides specialist informationabout increasing safety in theworkplace. Participation is certifi-cated at the end of the course.

The safety at work seminars arebeing organised in cooperation withHesse / Rhineland-Palatinate ElectricalEngineering and InformationTechnology Association(Fachverband Elektro- undInformationstechnik Hessen /Rheinland-Pfalz - FEHR) and theemployers' insurance association,BG ETEM.

Young Design offers an opportunityfor young designers to showcasetheir lamp creations. This area issponsored by Messe Frankfurt andoffers creative young talents theideal platform on which to makecontact with both industry and aspecialist public and to introducethemselves and their work.

The promotional area for innovativeyoung companies aims at facilitatingthe entry of young companies intothe marketplace and enables themto present their products at aleading international trade fair.

The area is organised in collabora-tion with the Federal Ministry forEconomic Affairs and Energy(Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftund Energie - BMWi). So thatcompanies can present themselvesin an appropriate context, a jointstand will be organised for each ofthe product groups: Lighting,Electro-technology and Home andBuilding Automation.

At the Job Exchange exhibitingcompanies can offer vacancies


directly to the visitors and makecontact with them while still at theshow.

In the University Area, universitiesand colleges working in the fields ofarchitecture, lighting design, buildingservices engineering and buildingservices technology will bepresenting their current projects andproviding information about themany and varied courses on offer.Under the title of 'Industry meetsStudents', the German Associationof the German Electrical andElectronics Industry (ZentralverbandElektrotechnik- undElektronikindustrie – ZVEI) and theAssociation for Electrical, Electronic& Information Technologies(Verband der ElektrotechnikElektronik Informationstechnik e.V. –VDE) are organising the Jobday.Students in or beyond the secondsemester of courses in electricalengineering, information technologyand physics will be able to establishcontacts with well-known compa-nies in the electrical and electronicsindustries.

AWARDS FOR THE FUTURE:AWARDS AND AWARDCEREMONIES

The Design Plus powered by Light +Building competition presentsinnovative and ground-breakingproducts offered by exhibitorsrepresented at Light + Building whowork in lighting, electrical andelectronic engineering as well as inhome and building automation.

The award-winning products will beselected by an international panel ofexperts according to the followingcriteria: technology, ecology anddesign. The competition is open tostudents and recent graduates inproduct and industrial design, aswell as architecture or interiorarchitecture. The awards arepresented by Messe Frankfurt andorganised by the German DesignCouncil, the German centre ofexcellence for design.

The German Lighting Design Awardsare presented annually and rewardplanners, projects and conceptsrelating to 'light as a buildingmaterial'. A special display at Light +

Building will provide informationabout the German Lighting DesignAwards, the winners and the 2016event..

The Innovation Award for Architec-ture and Technology is aimed atarchitects, planning engineers andmanufacturing companies. Itunderlines the importance ofarchitectural quality in the field ofbuilding services technology andrewards the architectural features ofproducts and conceptual solutionswhich successfully achieve high-quality design whilst at the sametime fulfilling stringent technicalcriteria.

The focus of the ZVEH/ZVEI EnergyEfficiency Award is the applicationof internationally recognisedstandards for integrated systems ofhome and building technology, andtheir contribution to energyefficiency. Prizes are awarded in thecategories of residential dwellings,non-residential and commercialbuildings and applications in one'sown company.

When it comes to the AIT Award –an award that is open to entrantsfrom anywhere in the world – thechoice is between the best projectsin the field of architecture andinterior spaces. The eight categoriesrange from Public Buildings to LuxuryInteriors. A high-calibre panel ofadjudicators selects from severalhundred submissions. The resultantselection is presented at Light +Building, and the best of themreceive an award.

A look into the future: installations atthe 'Luminale' festival in Frankfurt amMain

A cultural highlight at Light + Buildingis Luminale. This Biennale of LightingCulture takes place at the same timeas the trade fair in both Frankfurt amMain and Offenbach and offers aprogramme of entertainment andinterest for visitors to Light +Building.

To View the Magazine LightExpress Online, Please visit:www.lightexpress.in


The world’s biggest trade fair forlighting and building-servicestechnology brings together around2,500 exhibitors in Frankfurt am MainDesign and technology in harmony:new products and trends in 22exhibition halls

"Where modern spaces come tolife: digital - individual – networked"is the motto of Light + Building2016. The combination of lightingand building-services technologymakes Light + Building the leadinginternational trade fair with aspectrum of products unrivalled interms of depth and breadth. Theindustry presents intelligentsolutions, future-oriented technolo-gies and current design trends thatnot only make a building moreeconomically efficient but alsoincrease the standard of comfort,security, safety and architecture, aswell as improve the user’s quality oflife.

All market leaders have signed upfor the trade fair from 13 to 18 March2016 and the Exhibition Centre willbe fully occupied. “We are delightedwith the very good response fromthe exhibitor side, which showsthat, with its combination of designand technology, Light + Buildingdepicts the sector in its entirety andis the perfect platform for it.Therefore, we are confident that thecoming edition of the world’sleading trade fair for the sector willbe a complete success and arelooking forward to the highlights tobe seen there”, says WolfgangMarzin, Chairman of the Board ofManagement of Messe Frankfurt.Light + Building is in tune with thetimes and spotlights the subjects oftopical interest to the sector. Thus,emphasis will be given not only tothe latest trends in the lighting marketand the influence of light on peoplebut also to networked security, theintelligent house, building automa-tion and efficient energy manage-

ment.

One of the main themes of Light +Building 2016 will be on innovationsin the field of safety and securitytechnology. The integration ofvarious security systems, such asvideo surveillance and admissioncontrol, and networking andincorporating them into theautomatic building-servicestechnology of smart homes andbuildings, are important aspects ofinterest to both the sector andusers.

At Light + Building 2016, visitors willbe able to see all the latest productsin this connection. Thus, numerousexhibitors will be showing theirinnovations and solutions fornetworked safety and security.Moreover, many of the events onthe complementary programme willbe specially tailored around themesrelating to safety and securitytechnology, e.g., expert lecturesthat explain current developmentsand describe the practical benefitsof networked safety and security.

On the six days of the fair, theapprox. 2,500 exhibitors present allthe latest trends from the sector,which are also taken up in the multi-faceted programme of events andsubjected to an in-depth review inexpert lectures – a perfect blend fortrade visitors wanting to informthemselves fully. Additionally, theinternational trade fair provides aclear overview of the market: it isdivided into three main sectors –lighting, electrical engineering andhome and building automation – inwhich national and internationalexhibitors present their products in22 exhibition halls.

Design and technology inperfect harmony

The demand for a pleasant workingand home environment is greater

Light + Building 2016: Where modern spacescome to life: digital – individual – networked


than ever before. Parallel to this,there are growing expectations onenergy efficiency, safety andsecurity, and comfort. The evergreater digitalisation and networkingof electrical installation means userscan benefit from individual solutions.This important aspect is also in the

forefront of Light + Building throughthe integration of design andtechnology, which go hand in handand only “bring modern spaces tolife” when combined to madeinnovative and future-orientedcomplete systems.‘Modern spaces’ are also the

subject of the Digital Building specialshow, which reflects the motto ofLight + Building, ‘Where modernspaces come to life’ and illustratesthe leitmotif, ‘digital – individual –networked’ with a variety oftechnical solutions. The focus of thespecial show is on ‘rooms in

functional buildings’. Digital Buildingshows examples of the technologyand the systematic and networkedinteraction of the components inmodern buildings. The latestdevelopments are presentedsystematically and interlinked forvarious aspects of building-


technology.

Digital light regulation: new dimensions for lighting designWith well thought-out and networked lighting control systems, it is not onlypossible to illuminate rooms perfectly but also to exploit various aspects,such as luminous colour and dimming to the full. Human centric lighting, i.e.,the impact of light on our productivity and feeling of well-being, is a ground-breaking trend theme, which is becoming increasingly important for planningnew buildings and making lighting a part of architecture.

The trend in public-space planning is towards a multifarious and individualuse of forms in lighting design. In the case of urban lighting, the result is notonly maximum efficiency but also savings in costs. Visitors will be able todiscover and learn about these and other trends, including design trends,for themselves at the world’s biggest platform for the lighting market, Light +Building.

Around 1,650 manufacturers will present the complete spectrum ofproducts and services revolving around the subject of light: designluminaires in styles ranging from modern to classic, technical lighting andlamps of all kinds and for all applications, as well as a huge selection oflighting components and accessories. Visitors will be able to seetomorrow’s lighting on the 16 floors of Halls 1 to 6, 10 and the Forum. Forexample, design aficionados will be able to gain new inspiration in Hall 1. InHall 3, visitors will find future-oriented technical innovations while, in Hall 5.0,the focus is on outdoor and street lighting. Decorative lighting for thecontract and home are to be seen in Halls 5.1 and 6.1.

Valuable synergies in three product segments: electrical engineer-ing, home and building automation and lighting.

Through the combination of all technical disciplines, building automationplays an important role: the increasing use of networking and digitalisation inelectrical installations increases the quality of life in both business premisesand private dwellings. At Light + Building, the industry presents solutionsand technologies aimed not only at low energy consumption and modernexpectations of safety and security but also individual creative opportunitiesand a high degree of comfort.

For the electrical-engineering sector, the combination with home andbuilding automation makes Light + Building the world’s most importantplatform for intelligent building-services technology. Trade visitors will find avast range of products and services for energy-efficient building-systemsolutions, electrical installation and building infrastructure in Hall 8.0 while, inHall 11.0, everything revolves around el s, e.g., architects, engineers,planners, interior architects, designers, craftspeople, the retail / wholesaletrade and the industry – from special exhibitions, via expert lectures, to trendpresentations.


View Light ExpressMagazineonline at:www.lightexpress.in

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Ease of operation thanks to straight-forward, full-graphic visualizationThe IP Control Center is a visualization controller of compact design. It features a freely configurable user interface, offer-ing intuitive operation and display of KNX devices. Lighting, solar protection, heat-ing, ventilation and air conditioning can be displayed via web-compatible end devices such as PCs, laptops, smart phones or tab-lets – matched to user profiles with differ-ent access authorities. To handle compre-hensive building and room functions, up to 1250 KNX objects are available. In addi-tion, there are powerful application mod-ules for scene control, scheduler programs, alarm reporting and logic functions for use in connection with central control. These modules can be easily matched to holiday schedules, user needs, occupancy times, etc., and can be changed at any time.

Web editor for flexible and intuitive engineeringEngineering is straightforward via ETS and the web editor, which is preinstalled for display by any browser. So, no extra software is required. Using the web editor, a wide choice of symbols and operating elements can be arranged per drag-and-drop. The user interface can be configured to meet individual needs by embedding own elements or elements provided by an extensive library. There is a choice of six different styles.

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AT 13, I covered multiplelamps in my bedroom withvariously colored theatrical

gels, the better to create a luminaryambience to suit my mood. When Ifelt sunny, I chose the yellow; whenglum, the blue. And hey, I was ateenager. The blue got a lot of use.

In my repellently contented middleage, I don’t seek blue light. Likemost sane people, I spurn restau-rants whose lighting glares. I recoilfrom mirrors under fluorescenttubes. I switch on an overhead onlyto track down a water bug whilewielding a flip-flop. Yet each eveningfrom March onward, in the Brooklynneighborhood where I live part ofthe year, it seems as if the overheadis always on.

Along with other parts of SouthBrooklyn, Windsor Terrace is an earlyrecipient of the Department ofTransportation’s new light-emittingdiode streetlights. New Yorkers whohave not yet been introduced tothese lights: We are living in yourfuture.

Our new street “lamps” — too cozya word for the icy arrays nowscreaming through our windows —are meant to be installed across allfive boroughs by 2017. Indeed, anyresident of an American municipalitythat has money problems (and whatcity doesn’t?) should take heed.

In interviews with the media, myfellow experimental subjects havecompared the nighttime environ-ment under the new streetlights to afilm set, a prison yard, “a strip mall inouter space” and “the mother shipcoming in for a landing” in “CloseEncounters of the Third Kind.”Although going half-blind at 58, Ican read by the beam that the newlamp blasts into our front room

without tapping our own Con Edservice. Once the LEDs went in, ournext-door neighbor began walkingher dog at night in sunglasses.

Medical research has firmlyestablished that blue-spectrum LEDlight can disrupt sleep patterns. Thisis the same illumination that radiatesin far smaller doses fromsmartphone and computer screens,to which we’re advised to avoidexposure for at least an hour beforebed, because it can suppress theproduction of melatonin. The tributeto “the city that never sleeps” wasmeant to celebrate a vibrant culturalnight life — not a town of hollow-eyed “Walking Dead” insomniacs.

While the same light has also beenassociated with increased risk ofbreast cancer and mood disorders,in all honesty my biggest beef withLEDs has nothing to do with healthissues. These lights are ugly. They’reinvasive. They’re depressing. NewYork deserves better.

Yet the substitution of LEDs fortraditional high-pressure sodiumbulbs, whose familiar tangerine glowwould have suited my rare upbeathumor at 13, is proving irresistible tomany cities because of theeconomic benefits. Chicago,Seattle, Boston, Philadelphia, Detroitand Los Angeles have all undertakenmass retrofits. Although three to fourtimes more expensive, the newbulbs are supposed to last two tofour times longer than theirpredecessors, reducing energycosts between 30 and 70 percent.

Thus the advance of this technologyhas an inexorable quality. Rather thanstand in the way and get moweddown, we urban aesthetes areprobably better off focusing on thefact that all LEDs are not created

Ruining That Moody Urban Glow


equal.

Color temperature is measured inKelvin units. Lower temperatures arewarm, in the yellow range; highertemperatures are cool, in the blue.Sodium bulbs are around 2,200Kelvin — light in which one might fallin love. The brutal LED outside our

house is 4,000 — light moreconducive to dismembering acorpse.

New York’s D.O.T. has also optedfor lights that penetrate lower-floorresidential properties like ours withrude, invasive lateral glare. Thoughthe D.O.T. claims to have adjustedthe angles slightly in disgruntled

neighborhoods, our street’s lightsappear untouched.

But LEDs come in warmer spectra.Even fiscally and environmentallyconscientious California hascompromised on this point.Berkeley, Oakland and San Franciscohave all opted for yellow-rich LEDs.These cities have willingly made the

modest 10-15 percent sacrifice inefficiency for an ambience that moreclosely embodies what Germans callGemütlichkeit and Danes call hygge:an atmosphere of hospitality,homeyness, intimacy and well-being.

Other municipalities have workedsuccessfully with citizens to


reconcile energy savings with amore pleasing nocturnal landscape.In Berlin, in response to outcry overa similar conversion, engineersdesigned LEDs that imitate thequalities of gaslight. After enoughcomplaints, Davis, Calif., sponsoreda variety-pack test street, from whichresidents ultimately selected notonly a lower color temperaturefixture, but one with a lowerwattage, thus saving the city yetmore money.

For New York, it may not be too lateto marry practicality and aesthetics.Specifications could still be revised— though LEDs may last up to 20years, and once they’re installedcitywide it will be too late. So even ifyou don’t live in a south Brooklynneighborhood, call 311 to support:

— Limiting, per a stalled City Councilbill, streetlights to no more than3,000 Kelvin (think an incandescent“soft white”);

— Installing some kind of shade orlens cover to reduce lateral glare;

— Exploring ways of dimminglighting in residential neighbor-hoods;

— Suspending further installationuntil specifications are refined.

My husband claims that everyonewill eventually “get used to” thesegrisly blue-spectrum diodes, andhe’s probably right. But then, we’ve“gotten used to” garish big boxstores and the foreshortening blightof fast-food franchises that make somany American cities look fungiblyfrightful. Parents “get used to” aclutter of kitschy plastic toys. Justbecause one is capable ofbecoming dully inured to somethingdoesn’t make it desirable.

As currently conceived, the D.O.T.’sstreetlight plan amounts to masscivic vandalism. If my focus onaesthetics makes this issue soundtrivial, the sensory experience ofdaily life is not a frivolous matter.Even in junior high school, Iunderstood that lighting isn’t onlyabout what you see, but how youfeel.


Recessed luminaires are thepreferred choice in applications where the lighting tools

need to be deliberately toneddown in favour of their lighting effectin the architecture. Prime exampleshere are administration buildings andeducational facilities with theirdiversity of spatial situations andusage requirements. With the new,fully digital generation of Quintes-sence recessed luminaires, ERCOhas launched a system solutiondesigned to satisfy the higheststandards of visual comfort andenergy performance, with equalfocus on efficiency.

Perfected in every detail, Quintes-sence offers optimised photomet-ric, electrical and mechanicalfeatures that combine to encapsu-late almost five decades of highlyrefined expertise and passion,setting ERCO apart as a leadingspecialist in recessed lightingsystems.

Whereas the first generation ofQuintessence recessed luminaireshelped shape the transition fromconventional analogue lighting toolsto the digital age of LED light, ERCO

has now optimised all parameters ofthe new, fully digital Quintessencegeneration to feature state-of-the-artoptoelectronics. As well as the LEDrecessed luminaires available asdownlights, double-focusdownlights, lens wallwashers anddirectional luminaires, the upgradedrange follows its predecessors byembracing surface-mounted andpendant models. With a logicalstructure across the range, the resultallows for differentiated lightingconcepts with maximum freedom indesign.

Trusted for uncompromising quality,ERCO predominantly uses compo-nents developed in-house – fromlenses and reflectors to heat sinkswith optimised thermal managementthrough to control gear and LEDmodules – to ensure optimal controlof its products, thereby guarantee-ing consistent light quality andmaximum efficiency in use andmaintenance. For enhanced overallefficiency of the lighting concept,the new Quintessence generationdelivers further enhancements, suchas reduced recess depths, largeluminaire spacing and consistentlyhigher light output ratios.

DOWNLIGHTS: THE LIGHT DISTRIBU-TION MAKES THE DIFFERENCE

The ERCO Quintessence downlightsare the first to feature innovativedigital photometric solutions thatallow the luminaires to be spacedup to 50% further apart, therebyminimising the investment, installa-tion and operating costs. The opticalsystem, consisting of diffuser lensand darklight reflector, produces anextra wide flood distribution,resulting in superbly uniformillumination in the horizontal plane,whilst the cylindrical illuminationcomponent ensures good facialrecognition.

A 90° emission angle with 40° cut-off supporting the batwing lightdistribution guarantees optimal glarecontrol – a sophisticated combina-tion of photometric properties thatpreviously proved elusive. TheQuintessence range of downlightsoffers lumen packages as high as4,400lm, with a connected load ofup to 32W. With all of theseparameters, the downlights ensurepowerful illumination, particularly inrooms with high ceilings, such asreception halls and reading rooms,

whilst the high cut-off angleprovides efficient visual comfort.Offering the familiar diversity ofmounting details – round or square,covered or flush – Quintessencedownlights integrate seamlessly intoa wide variety of architecturalconcepts, with a minimised recessdepth of 136mm that facilitateseffective lighting solutions inprojects with minimal ceiling voids.

LENS WALLWASHERS AND DIREC-TIONAL LUMINAIRES FOR ZONEDLIGHT

The distinct functional design of theQuintessence range reflects ERCO’sapproach to light as the fourthdimension of architecture,recognising its value as a design toolin its own right to structure space,create scenic effect, facilitateorientation and draw attentionthrough dynamic accentuation. Withvertical illuminance beinga key component for efficient visualcomfort, it requires specialconsideration.

With this in mind ERCO hasredesigned the Quintessencewallwashers to deliver superb

Digital all-round star: The new generation ofERCO Quintessence lighting tools


uniformity on vertical surfaces for abright and open spatial impression.The special wallwasher lens withasymmetrical light distributionensures excellent glare control withan unusually good cut-off angle of80° on the room side. As a result,Quintessence lens wallwashers canbe spaced further apart – up to aformidable 50% in retail applicationsand around 30% in museums –taking cost-efficiency to a wholenew level.

The directional luminaires in theQuintessence range are made forapplications where objects on wallsor in the room are to be accentu-ated, combining the flexibility oftrack spotlights with the formallyunderstated mounting solution of arecessed luminaire. The beams canbe tilted up to 30° from the verticaland rotated through 360°. With alens system consisting of collimatingand Spherolit lenses, supported bya darklight reflector, the luminairesets new standards in precise light

guidance with excellent glarecontrol. The three light distributionsnarrow spot, spot and flood projectthe light flexibly and without lossonto the target surface – enablingefficient lighting solutions forchanging room usage.

From great heights: Double-focusdownlights

The almost magical performance ofdouble-focus downlights isrefreshed with Quintessenceoffering a lighting tool designed forambient lighting in rooms with highceilings, such as reading rooms,foyers or theatres, managing thebalance between powerful light andexcellent glare control masterfully. Tothis end, the new double-focusdownlights are equipped with aspecial lens system, consisting ofcollimating and Spherolit lenses, thatdirects the light downwards in aprecise beam with flood or wideflood characteristic. The light isoptimally shielded by a black cone,which largely restricts the view into

the luminaire. For the same degreeof glare-free visual comfort ininclined ceilings, ERCO offers adownlight version with an angle oftilt up to 30°.

Versatile design with surface-mounted and pendant luminairesGiving consideration to the fact thatthe ceiling in a building or room maynot allow for, or accommodate,installations, ERCO has alsodesigned the two Quintessenceluminaires as surface-mounted andpendant models. Defined by acylindrical housing with focus onsimplicity, these lighting tools readilybecome an aesthetic architecturalfeature in their own right and addvisual accents in the room. Followingthe system design of its range, theyoffer the same sizes andlumen packages as recesseddownlights. With an emission angleof 90° and a 40° cut-off, Quintes-sence meets the challenges ofefficient ambient lighting extremelywell, allowing for large luminairespacing with high visual comfort.

The control gear units are integratedin the housing. As well as mountingwith canopy, Quintessence pendantluminaires can be fixed to track witha transadapter.

Optimised for enhanced lumenmaintenance

The Quintessence range coverslumen packages from 210lm(directional luminaires) th essencegeneration, this effectively meansthat 90% of the LEDs in theluminaires still achieve at least 80%of their original luminous flux after50,000h. The failure rate of individualLEDs – not of the luminaire – afterthis period is just 0.1%. As well assupporting a long life, ERCO controlgear guarantees consistent dimmingcharacteristics. All Quintessencelighting tools can be dimmed downcontinuously to 1%, with flicker-freedigital light that makes it ideal forstudio recording. Depending on themodel, the luminaire can bedimmed using trailing edgetechnology or via DALI.


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