libro gramática (alma)
TRANSCRIPT
Table of Contents1. Present Tense2. Ser y Estar3. Gustar and Verbs like Gustar4. Nouns/Articles/Adj (pp 378-380)5. Past Tense6. Imperfect Tense7. Subjunctive in Noun Clauses8. Subjunctive in Adverb Clauses9. Commands10. Object Pronouns11. Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns (pp 386)12. Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns (pp 388)13. Reflexives14. Por y Para15. To Become: hacerse, ponerse, volverse, and llegar a ser (pp 390)
Ser y Estar Both mean to be
estoy estamosestás estáisest estaná
SER
ESTAR
soy somoseres soises son
- SER
- ESTAR
Verbos como Gustar
Preceded by an indirect object pronoun (indicating person who is pleased); agrees in person and number with thing or person that it pleases
When followed by infinitive, the singular form (gustar) is always used
Often used in conditional (gustaria) to soften request
éasteó
-Ar
amosasteisaron
íisteió
imosisteisieron
-Er and -Ir
El Preterito-Car
-Gar
-Zar
IRREGULAR
•Tener- tuv•Estar- estuv•Poner- pus•Poder- pud•Ander- anduv•Saber- sup
•Hacer- hic•Venir- vin•Caber-cup•Haber- hub•Querer- Quis•Decir- Dij
•Gar: change g to gu•Car: change c to qu•Zar: change z to c
e imos isteo ieron
Ir and Ser
fuifuistefue
fuimos
fueron
Ver
vimos
vieron
vivistevio
Dar
didistedio
dimos
dieron
•Complete Actions•Definite beginning and ending
El Imperfecto
-AR -ER and -IR
aba ábamosabas abaisaba aban
ía íamosías íaisía ían
•Actions that are not yet completed
•No definite beginning or end
•Background information/ setting up a scene•Time or appearance
•Doing and action before interruption
Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns
Posesive Pronouns have the same forms as stressed possessive adjectives and are prededed by a definite article.
No encuentro mi libro. ? Me presentas el tuyo?
Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns are identical to demonstrative adjectives, except that they carry an accent mark on the stressed vowel.
No, no quiero éste. Quiero ése.
There are three neuter demonstrative pronouns: esto, eso, and aquello
Por and Para
POR
PARA
• Destination (toward, in the direction of)•Deadline or a specific time in the future•Purpose or goal + [infinitive]•Purpose + [noun]•Recipient•Comparison with others or opinions•Employment
•Motion or a general location•Duration of an action•Reason or motive for an action•Object of a search•Means by which•Exchange or substitution•Unit of Measure•Agent (passive)
Por allí / Por aquíPor ejemplo
Por esoPon fin
Por lo generalPor los menosPor lo tontoPor lo visto
No estar para bromas, no ser para tanto, para colmo
Para que sepas, para siempre