EL ULTIMO LIBRO GRAMÁTICA

EL LIBRO GRAMÁTICA PARA TODAS PERSONAS QUE ESTAN EN LA

CLASE DE SRA. LINARES Y ESTAN TOMANDO ESPAÑOL TRES DE

HONORES.

Pronouns

O *Piensa la canción de La Rana Raúl!

OMe lo me los me la me las

OTe lo te los te la te las

OSe lo se los se la se las

ONos lo nos los nos la nos

las!

Preterite

For AR Verbs add:

Yo é

Tu aste

Él, ella, usted ó

Nosotros amos

Ellos, ellas

ustedes

aron

For ER and IR verbs add:

Yo í

Tu iste

Él, ella, usted ió

Nosotros imos

Ellos, ellas

ustedes

ieron

Imperfect

For AR Verbs add:

Yo aba

Tu aste

Él, ella, usted aba

Nosotros abamos

Ellos, ellas

ustedes

aban

For ER and IR verbs add:

Yo ía

Tu Ías

Él, ella, usted ía

Nosotros íamos

Ellos, ellas

ustedes

ían

UsesPor Para

O Motion or a general

location

• Ie around, through, along,

by

O Object of an action

O For during in

O Object of search

O By means of which

something is done

O Exchange or Substitution

O Destination

O Towards, in the direction

of

O Dedline

O In Order to

O Purpose or goal

O Recipiants

O Comparisons or opinions

O Employment Both mean “for” but they are

not interchangeable

Por=through

Para=towards

Por vs ParaCaminé por el parque

I walked though the park

Caminé para el parque

I walk towards the park

Trabajó por su padre

I work in place of his dad

Trabajó para su padre

I work for his dad’s business

Se exhibió por todo el pueblo

the exhibit was shown

throughout the town

Se exibió para todo el pueblo

the exhibit was shown for the

town

*When giving exact time, DE is

used instead of POR.

Llegué a las dies de la

noche VS me gusta leer por la

noche

Por is used in several idiomatic expressions

O Por aqui= around here

O Por ejemplo= For example

O Por eso=that is why

O Por fin=finally

SHORT POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

Mi (s) Mine Nuestro/a (s) Ours

Tu (s) Yours Vuestro/a (s) Yours

(informal)

Su (s) His/hers/ its Su (s) Yours (formal),

their

To use the short form of possessive pronouns: ADD THE

SHORT POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES IN FRONT OF THE

OBJECT.

LONG POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

Mío/a (s) Mine Nuestro/a (s) Ours

Tuyo/a (s) Yours Vuestro/a (s) Yours

(informal)

Suyo/a (s) His/hers/ its Suyo/a (s) Yours (formal),

their

To use the long form of possessive pronouns: ADD EL, LA, LOS,

LAS TO THE OBJECT. FOLLOW THE OBJECT WITH THE

LONG FORM OF THE POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE

Take the verb in the infinitive form

• IE Hablar

“Chop off the ar/er/irendings

• IE Habl

Put the verb into the él/ella/ustedform

• IE Habla

Commands in the Formal form

Put the infinitive form of the verb into the “yo” form

For AR verbs: replace the O with an E.

For ER and IR verbs: replace the O with an A.

The Subjunctive

O MUST HAVE:

O 2 clauses

O 2 different subjects

O Triggr words

O The word “QUE

Trigger Words

▫ Bueno que▫ Malo que▫ Mejor que▫ Urgente que▫ Importante que▫ Necesario que▫ Urgente que

AconsejarOUETo advise

RogarOUE

To beg or to please

MandarTo order

SugerirEIE

To suggest

The verbs following

these verbs are in the

subjuntive

I.E Aconsejo que tú

recicles para proteger

el medio ambiente.

InsistirTo insist

PedirTo ask for

Verbs of emotion are also used in the subjuntive. Trigger verbs are

O Es triste que

O Alegrarse de que

O Tengo miedo de que

O Gustar

O Ojalá que

You use the infinitive when there is no change in subject!

I.E Temo que llegar tarde.

I.E Nos alegramos de que te gusten las flores.

ConjunctionsConjuntion words

A menos que Unless

Antes que Before

Despues de que after

Con tal de que Provided that

Para que So that

En caso de que In case that

Sin que without

Cuando When

En cuanto de

que

As soon as

Pronto que As soon as

Hasta que Until

O If you are talking about

the future or command

something, you use the

subjunctive. If you are

talking about a habitual

action or something of

the past, you use

indicative.