Lesson 1 Face the Fats Vocabulary and Notes

1. nutrients- chemicals found in food that helps keep an organism alive and active. Two groups – building materials and energy providers

Six types of nutrients your body needs:

1. Proteins2. Fats3. Carbohydrates4. Minerals5. Vitamins6. Water

2. nutritionists – a person who studies foods and diets.

3. obesity – the condition of having an excess amount of body fat (20% more than what is considered healthy).

4. cholesterol – a waxy substance found naturally in human tissues.

5. calorie – a unit of heat; a measure of the energy in food

6. fats – a group of nutrients that provide energy and building blocks for the development of some body systems. American Heart Assoc. recommends no more than 30% of calories should come from fats.

7. saturated fats –Usually solid at room temperature, considered “bad” fats. Diet should have limited amounts because increases level of cholesterol in the blood.

8. monounsaturated fats – liquid at room temperature, better for you than saturated fats.

9. polyunsaturated fats – best type of fats, also liquid at room temperature. Do not contribute to cholesterol problems. Occur naturally in plants, humans need it.

Saturated Fats Monounsaturated Fats Polyunsaturated Fats

ButterCheeseChocolateCocoa butterCoconut oilCreamEggsHydrogenated shorteningIce creamLardPalm oilRed meatWhole milk

Olive oilCanola OilPeanut Oil

Safflower OilSoybean OilSunflower OilCorn OilCottonseed OilFishNuts

Questions to Explore:

• What are the six basic nutrients your body needs for growth and development?Water, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

• What are the important functions of fat in the body?Fats:

1. store energy for movement, digestion, and other activities. 2. carry vitamins and minerals throughout the body3. help nerve and other cells function properly4. protect vital organs and insulate the body.

• What are some of the problems faced by people who have too much fat in their diets?1. Obesity2. High levels of cholesterol which could lead to heart attacks and strokes.

The Digestive System Definitions & Notes

• digestive system – The organs and structures responsible for the digestion of food. Includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

• esophagus – the tube connecting the mouth and the stomach

• stomach – the organ where food is reduced to mush by acid muscle activity

• small intestine – the part of the digestive system, between the stomach and large intestine, that absorbs nutrients from digested food.

• villi – the tiny fingerlike structures lining the small intestine through which nutrients pass from the digestive system into the blood.

• large intestine – the part of the digestive system, between the small intestine and the rectum, where water is removed from the solid waste.

• waste – the leftover, unusable substance of our food, includes fiber which cannot be digested by the body

• saliva – the liquid produced in the mouth that aids digestion.

• enzyme – a protein molecule that speeds up chemical reactions but is not changed itself

• peristalsis – pushing, pumping movement of the muscles in the esophagus that push food down toward the stomach

• sphincter – valves located at the bottom of the esophagus and the stomach that relaxes and tightens to allow food to move.

Complete the following sentences:

Foods have _______________ needed to make the body work.The digestive process begins in your _____________.Your ________ grind food into small, easy to swallow pieces. The only parts of the digestive process that you have control of are

_______________________________________________.Stomach muscles contract about every ________ seconds, breaking down

food. Food can remain in the stomach from _________________ to ________________________.

In the small intestine, food is broken down into _______________________ that your body uses for energy.

It takes the small intestine _____________________ to perform its function.

In the large intestine, ____________ and _________________ are removed from waste to make it become more solid.

The whole digestive process can take from_____________ to _________________.

nutrientsmouth

teeth

chewing and swallowing your food20

5 minutes several hours

tiny molecules5 hours

excess water leftover minerals

2 days12 hours