Ivan Pavlov and

Albert Bandura

By: Kristin Jones and Tatiana Pabon

Ivan Pavlov• Born September 14th, 1849• Died on February 27th, 1936• Received a medical degree at

age 33• Father of Classical conditioning,

also known as Pavlonian conditioning

• His studies on the digestive system won him the Nobel prize in 1904

• Pavlov’s work set the foundation for John B. Watson, and his idea of behaviorism

• Used theories of associative learning and behaviorism to create his own theory of Classical Conditioning

Albert Bandura• Born December 4th, 1925• Received his bachelor’s

degree in psychology in 1949

• Considered the “pioneering researcher” of observational learning

• Currently is still a professor at Stanford university

• Known for his “Bobo Doll” psychology studies

• Used theory of behaviorism: which focuses on variables we can observe, measure, and manipulate

Classical Conditioning

• Founded by Ivan Pavlov• Classical Conditioning: a type of

learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli

• A neutral stimulus signals an unconditioned stimulus and begins to produce a response that prepares for the unconditioned stimulus

Unconditioned Vs. Conditioned

• Unconditioned stimulus: a stimulus that is unlearned and triggers a response

• Unconditioned response: the unlearned response to the UCS

• Conditioned Stimulus: an originally neutral stimulus that, after association with an UCS, triggers a CR

• Conditioned Response: the learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus

Neutral Stimulus: A stimulus which initially produces no specific response.

Pavlov’s Meat Experiment• Pavlov presented meat

powder (UCS) to a dog attached with salivation tubes in its mouth, the saliva was the UCR

• Then sounded a tone (NS) and got no response

• After repetition of the tone, then meat powder, the dog was conditioned to salivate at the sound of the bell

• Then discovered extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization and discrimination

Bandura’s Bobo Experiment• Placed a preschooler in a

room with an adult stranger

• The preschooler was given crayons and paper, while the adult was given tinker toys

• After 10 minutes, the adult is told to get up and hit, kick, and scream at the bobo doll in the corner of the room

• Then boy is taken out of room, shown cool toys, but told “You’re not allowed to play with these”

• They then placed the frustrated preschooler back into the room with the bobo doll

Results of Bobo Experiment

• After preschooler watched the adult kick and hit the bobo doll, he aggressively imitated him

• This is due to children’s tendency to model adults

Similarities and Differences• Both Pavlov and

Bandura’s studies focus on observational learning: learning by observing others

• Also focuses on associative learning: learning that certain events can occur together

• They differ by Bandura’s interest in mirror neurons and modeling in specifically childrens behavior

• While Pavlov focused on the occurrence of stimuli and shaping behavior in animals specifically, but then used his findings to relate to everything else

Bibliography

• Myers, David G. "Module 20." Psychology. 7th ed. New York [u.a.: Worth, 2007. 304+. Print.

• MLA style: "Ivan Pavlov - Biography". Nobelprize.org. 29 Mar 2011 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1904/pavlov-bio.html

• Boeree, George C. "Albert Bandura." My Webspace Files. 2006. Web. 29 Mar. 2011. <http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/bandura.html>.