classical conditioning by ivan pavlov
TRANSCRIPT
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PAVLOVS EXPERIMENT
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
CONDITIONING INTRODUCTIONConditioning inbehavioral psychologyis a theory that the reaction ("response") to an object or event ("stimulus") by a person or animal can be modified by 'learning', orconditioning.
Stimulus-response (S-R) theories are central to the principles of conditioning. They are based on the assumption thathuman behavioris learned.
Stimulus: A thing or event that evokes a specific reaction in an organ.
Response: A reaction, as that of an organism or a mechanism, to a specific stimulus.
THREE MAJOR TYPES OF LEARNING/CONDITIONING1. Learning through association- Classical Conditioning
2. Learning through consequences Operant Conditioning
3. Learning through observation Modeling/Observational Learning
WHAT IS CLASSICAL CONDITIONING ? Classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.
It had a major influence on behaviorism which is based on the assumption that learning occurs through interactions with the environment.
About Ivan Pavlov:
Born: September 26, 1849
Was awarded the degree of Candidate of Natural Sciences in 1875
Was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904 in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion
Died Feb 27,1936
COMPONENTS OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
The Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) :A stimulus that naturally, and automatically triggers a response.
The Unconditioned Response(UCR):The unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus.
The Conditioned Stimulus(CS):A previously neutral stimulus that when paired with an unconditioned stimulus triggers a conditioned response.
The Conditioned Response(CR):Learned response to the previously neutral stimulus.
Unconditioned Stimulus
Neutral Stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Conditioned Response
Principles of Classical conditioning
Acquisition
Extinction
Spontaneous Recovery
Stimulus Generalization
Discrimination
Pavlovs experiment
Types of ConditioningForward Conditioning:Occurs when the neutral stimulus (NS) appears just before and during the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (UCS).There are 2 types:delayed conditioning (forward) - theCS is presented before the US and it (CS) stays on until the US is presented. This is generally the best, especially when the delay is short trace conditioning -discrete event is presented, then the US occurs. Shorter the interval the better, but as you can tell, this approach is not very effective.
Backward conditioning Backward conditioning occurs when a Conditioned stimulus immediately follows a Unconditioned stimulus
Simultaneous conditioning -Both conditioned and unconditioned stimulus occurs and terminates at same time
Second-order and higher-order conditioning-This form of conditioning follows a two-step procedure. First a neutral stimulus ("CS1") comes to signal a US through forward conditioning. Then a second neutral stimulus ("CS2") is paired with the first (CS1) and comes to yield its own conditioned response
Temporal conditioningIn temporal conditioning a Unconditioned stimulus is presented at regular intervals, for instance every 10 minutes.
APPLICATIONSPavlovs experiment
BEHAVIOURAL THERAPIES:
Prolonged exposure theoryUsed for the treatment of phobias and anxiety disordersIt works by exposing the patient to their painful memories with the goal of reintegrating their repressed emotions with current awareness.
FLOODING:
AVERSION THERAPY
Its a behavioral therapy aversive stimuli is paired with an harmful or society undesirable behavior until the behavior becomes associated with pain or discomfortUsed for the people who wants to get rid of bad habbits
SYSTEMATIC DESENSITISATIONThis type of behavioral therapy used to overcome phobias.It mainly includes 3 steps . 1. identifying anxiety. 2. copying relaxation strategy. 3. habituated to situation.
JOHN WATSONS LITTLE ALBERT EXPERIMENT
Some Practical Applications ofClassical Conditioning
Exercise
Close your eyes and start thinking about your favorite food !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
IS YOUR MOUTH WATERING??
If yes, its because you are conditioned.!!!!
Conditioned hunger
GUESS THE PRODUCT. ??????
Guess The Product with tagline
Aaj kuchh Toofani karte hai..!!!!
BENTLEY CONTINENTAL
LAMBORGHINI
PORSCHE
CONCLUSIONAlthough Pavlov disliked Psychology, his work remains one of the most important in psychologys history.According to Pavlov, conditioned reflexes were temporary or unstable and he himself expressed that it is not an ideal education theory.Classical conditioning is actually not a change in the behaviour but a similar response to a different stimulus.Classical conditioning is ineffective for classroom purposes.
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A Presentation By-
Vinod Kumar - 1Ashwin Mohan - 10Gopala Krishna- 15Jasmeen Shaikh - 28Kasturi Mishra 35
Xaviers Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship, Kochi, Kerela.
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