ISLAM and EARLY ISLAMIC

CIVILIZATION

600s to 1200s

ISLAM Religion AND

Empire

In CONTEXT

Islam – submissionMuslim – one who submits

Islamic Empire Timeline

Muhammad begins Islamic Rule (622 – 632) Islam Expands under the First 4 Caliphs

(632-661) Sunni and Shia Split

Umayyad Caliphate (Empire) (661-750) Abbasid Caliphate (Empire) (750-1258) Mongols defeat Abbasids (1258)

Foundations

Islam began in the Arabian Peninsula within Arab Bedouin culture.

This culture was pastoral and organized in tribes…

Foundations

Muhammad was a merchant who experienced a revelation of God (Allah) that would begin a new religion – with connections to Judaism and Christianity.

Texts

The Quran (Koran) contains the revelations given to Muhammad.

The Hadith are the teachings and actions of Muhammad.

Spread

After Muhammad gained followers and won a civil war against other clan leaders, more groups joined him.

Military success, the weakness of surrounding Empires, and elements of Islamic belief allowed Muslims to expand their control.

The next centuries saw rapid expansion of the Islamic empire.

CHANGE

Soon after Muhammad’s death, two groups developed as a result of conflicting ideas about leadership.

Sunni and Shi’a branches of Islam continued to split into smaller groups.

Spread

As it spread, Arabic language and culture spread and mixed with other cultures.

Spread & CHANGE As Islam spread into other regions it

influenced cultures. New cultures also influenced elements of

Islam.

Islamic Civilization 1500s

Islam compared to Christianity

Both founders were in leadership and teaching for a relatively short time neither wrote texts

Both teachings initially appealed to lower classes and women

Both belief systems emphasized social justice

Both challenged the belief systems in their time and place.

Islam compared to Christianity

Unlike Christianity, Islam began as both a belief system and a political structure.

Muhammad saw his teaching as the final revelation of Allah

Unlike Christianity, Islamic belief was strictly monotheistic and limited representation of humans or things as idolatry.

Connections with Judaism and Christianity

Islam retained elements of Judaism and Christianity. Abraham Jesus (as a prophet) The Torah and Quran have similar narratives

ESSAY Prompts Analyze the continuities and changes

over time in the social structure of Islamic Civilization as it spread from 600 ce to 1500 ce.

ESSAY Prompts Analyze the continuities and changes

over time in the political structure of Islamic Civilization as it spread from 600 ce to 1500 ce.

ESSAY Prompt Analyze the continuities and changes

over time in the culture of Islamic Civilization as it spread from 600 ce to 1500 ce.

ESSAY Prompts Analyze the continuities and changes

over time in the commerce and trade of Islamic Civilization as it spread from 600 ce to 1500 ce.

ESSAY Prompts Analyze the continuities and changes

over time in Islamic Civilization as it spread from 600 ce to 1500 ce.

Analyze the similarities and differences in TWO of the following societies as they were impacted by Islam from 600 to 1500 ce. India Anatolia West Africa Spain