irrisat - an irrigation management and crop water use ...€¦ · irrisat - an irrigation...
TRANSCRIPT
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IrriSAT - an Irrigation management and crop
water use benchmarking system
John Hornbuckle, Richard Soppe, Evan Christen, CSIRO Land and Water,
Griffith, NSW, Australia
Janelle Montgomery NSW I&I, Moore, NSW, Australia
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Outline
• Overview of the IrriSAT system - main
components
• Science behind IrriSAT - background
• Experience with IrriSAT in Cotton and
viticulture irrigated systems
• Future directions R&D
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Aims / Goals / Approach
• Aim - to overcome the costs and complexities of irrigation scheduling
• Driving Goal - capturing the bulk of the ‘market’ and providing them with a tool for assisting irrigation decisions to deliver real water savings or efficiency improvements
• The Approach – use emerging technologies* –
• Satellite Remote Sensing (a world wide sensor system)
• SMS (a world wide information delivery platform)
* 1st SMS message was sent in 1992 (20 years ago)
Landsat 5 satellite launched in 1984 (28 years ago)
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Overview of IrriSATSMS
Determination of a crop
coefficient (Kc) from
satellite image
ETo from Weather
Station and ETo
forecast
Incorporates
management/soil/water/salinity
constraints
On Ground
Satellite images used to
determine plant
performance of an irrigators
crop Representing
Individual
Paddocks
Satellite
Measurements
Potential Evaporation based
on Atmospheric Demand
ETc = ETo X Kc
Crop water use determined and
irrigation requirement
Daily irrigation
scheduling
information
delivered to
irrigators
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How does IrriSAT help me irrigate ?
• Using the FAO 56 approach
ETc = ETo x Kc
Actual
water use
of crop
Reference
water use –
weather
station or 7
day forecast
Crop
Coefficient
– relates
your crop to
the
reference
crop
= x Kc ?
Previously
getting site
specific crop
coefficients
has been
difficult – RS
overcomes
this
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Limitations of traditional kc approaches
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Gaining individual crop coefficients
• Multi-spectral satellites
overpass every 8 -16
days
• Images of
everyone's individual
crop is taken with a
30x30m resolution
• This information can
be used for gaining
site and management
specific crop
coefficients
Visible light
Calculated NDVI
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NDVI
• NDVI = (RNIR – Rred) / (RNIR + Rred)
NDVI = (Band 4 - Band 3) / (Band 4 + Band 3)
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Crop Coefficient : Canopy Cover
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Canopy Cover (%)
Cro
p C
oeff
icie
nt,
Kc
Lettuce
Pepper
2006
y = 0.7661x + 0.1028
R2 = 0.9344
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0IR Canopy Cover
Lan
dsat
ND
VI
Red LettucePerennialMelonsGarlic2005
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
16/08/2005 5/10/2005 24/11/2005 13/01/2006 4/03/2006 23/04/2006
Cro
p C
oe
ffic
ien
t
ET
(m
m)
Date
ETo
ETc Drip
Kc
Determining Kc from NDVI - grapevines
Kc = f (NDVI)
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ETo
• Weather data used to calculate reference crop water use (ETo)
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How does the IrriSAT schedule ?
ETc = ETo x Kc Actual
water use
of crop
.. But still in a format that’s not much use
for irrigators! (mm/day)
..Need to convert to a pump run time
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IrriSATSMS
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IrriSATSMS Making the scheduling
information useful
Irrigation
Rainfall
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Daily SMS delivery of irrigation scheduling information
Seasonal water
balance information
Pump/dripper run
time to replace ET
since last irrigation
or rainfall
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Example of daily SMS sequence
Reference or zero point
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IrriSAT
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Spatial Irrigation scheduling /
water management information
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Cotton - Crop Variability
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Cotton – Furrow
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Waterbalances - MIA 2008/09 season
Group Percentage (%)
Within +-0.2 ML/ha 50%
With +- 0.5 ML/ha 25%
More 0.5 ML/ha 5%
Less 0.5 Ml/ha 10%
Stopped 10%
Percentage of Irrigators within water balance group
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Waterbalance traces – MIA 2008/09 season
Majority of irrigators
closely followed system
Two week period of high ETc
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IrriSAT - Benchmarking
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Regional Crop Water Use
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Yield/production/water use relationships
Low deficit irrigations
Lateral
Move
Systems
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IrriSATSMS/IrriSATWEB Nodes
• Current Areas (2011-2012 irrigation season)
• Murrumbidgee (Grapes and Citrus)
• Hawkesbury-Nepean (Turf, Pasture, Citrus, Stone fruit)
• Gwydir/Namoi/ Walgett (Cotton)
• Goulburn Valley (Grapes)
• Mildura (Grapes and Citrus)
• International Nodes being established
• Cambodia
• Iraq
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Future directions R&D
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Future directions
• Establishing IrriSAT nodes in developing countries – Iraq and
Cambodia
• Incorporating thermal band for stress determination in wine grape
production
• Finding alternatives for Landsat
• Whole of irrigation area water ordering/demand management from large
storage dams
• Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area – 200 000 irrigated hectares – 1300
GL allocation
• 7 days travel time from dam release to off-take in Irrigation Area
• 24 hr water availability for customers
• Over/under order losses are financially costly for the Irrigation
company
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Cumulative 3 & 7 day ETref forecast
8/1/10 9/1/10 10/1/10 11/1/10 12/1/10 1/1/11 2/1/11Date (m/d/yy)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Cu
mu
lative
ET
ref (
sh
ort
) [m
m]
Cumulative 3-day ETref (short) forecast
Cumulative 3-day ETref (short) observed
Cumulative 7-day ETref (short) forecast
Cumulative 7-day ETref (short) observed
Cumulative 7-day ETref (short) 25yr avg
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Irrigation Demand Management Farm
No.
Kc CSIRO
Forecast
Eto
(Next
day)
Forecast
Water
Demand
(Next
day)
1045 0.5 8 5 ML
1085 0.9 8 7 ML
144 0.95 8 12 ML
784 0.21 8 2 ML
108 0.22 8 4 ML
1478 0.35 8 6 ML
221 0.7 8 7 ML
2658 0.18 8 2 ML
Total
Demand
Forecast
For this
off-take
45 ML
Farm
No.
Kc CSIRO
Forecast
Eto
(Next 4
days)
Forecast
Water
Demand
(Next 4
days)
1045 0.5 36 18 ML
1085 0.9 36 22 ML
144 0.95 36 11 ML
784 0.21 36 41 ML
108 0.22 36 20 ML
1478 0.35 36 27 ML
221 0.7 36 5 ML
2658 0.18 36 6 ML
Total
Demand
Forecast
For this
off-take
150 ML
Farm
No.
Kc CSIRO
Forecast
Eto
(Next 7
days)
Forecast
Water
Demand
(Next 7
days)
1045 0.5 65 28 ML
1085 0.9 65 39 ML
144 0.95 65 27 ML
784 0.21 65 82 ML
108 0.22 65 74 ML
1478 0.35 65 56 ML
221 0.7 65 10 ML
2658 0.18 65 11 ML
Total
Demand
Forecast
For this
off-take
327 ML
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Conclusions
• IrriSAT provides useful real time information on crop
water use across large areas at low cost – validated with
actual irrigators across the major production areas in
Australia
• IrriSAT when combined with yield data provides detailed
information on benchmarking the performance of
irrigation/row configurations and effects on irrigation
decisions on yield
• The system is scalable and provides useful information
for individual farmers. It also scales from the farm to the
irrigation system level for water ordering.
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Further Information
• Download IrriSATSMS technical report
• http://www.irrigationfutures.org.au/images
DB/news/irrisatsms_v_60_finalwAppendix.
• Visit the IrriGATEWAY website
www.irrigateway.net