project report on automatic crop irrigation system

7/27/2019 Project report on automatic crop irrigation system

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Automatic crop Irrigation system SGSITS,INDORE

SHRI G. S. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ANDSCIENCE

INDORE

A PROJECT REPORT ON

AUTOMATIC CROP IRRIGATION SYSTEM

SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS

FOR THE COMPLETION OF MINI PROJECT IN

ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

ENGINEERING

Submitted by-

Submitted to-

Ankit Sharma(0801EI101004) Dr. R.S

Gamad

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Any accomplishment requires the effort of many people and this work is

no different. We find great pleasure in expressing our deep sense of

gratitude towards all those who have made it possible for me to complete

this project with success.

we would like to express true sense and sincerest gratitude to Dr. R.S

Gamad our guide, for his dynamic and valuable guidance and keen

interest in our project work. We are grateful to him for his constant

encouragement in the fulfillment of the project work.

we also extend my sincere thanks to Head of Department of Electronics &

Instrumentation, Dr. D.K Mishra and all the Staff Members whoextended the preparatory steps of this seminar.

We would also like express appreciation and thanks to all our friends who

knowingly assisted us with their valuable suggestions and supports, and

we are very grateful for their assistance. we would also like to thank those

who were directly or indirectly guiding us.

Name of the Students

Ankit Sharma

Ashish Agrawal

Abhimanyu Kathal

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Serialno

Topic Pageno.

1 Objective 5

2 Need for Automation 5

3 Hardware and Software required 6

4 Description about components used 7

5 Block Diagram 10

6 Working 10

7 Software and Final PCB layout 11

8 Conclusions and Future enhancements 14

9 References 16

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1) Objective:To build an automatic crop irrigation system based on microcontroller

ATMEGA8L which can interact with farmers by a mean of Smart Device.(Here we used Laptop).

2) Need for Automation:Agriculture is one of the fields where water is required in tremendous

quantity. Wastage of water is major problem in agriculture. Every time

excess of water is given to the fields. There are many techniques to save

or to control wastage of water from agriculture. Irrigation is an

artificial application of water to the soil. It is usually used to assist the

growing of crops in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall.Different types of irrigation systems are used for management of water in

agricultural land.

Automatic irrigation systems are convenient, especially for those who

travel. If installed and programmed properly, automatic irrigation systems

can even save you money and help in water conservation. Dead lawn

grass and plants need to be replaced, and that can be expensive. But the

savings from automatic irrigation systems can go beyond that.

Watering with a hose or with oscillator wastes water. Neither method

targets plant roots with any significant degree of precision. Automaticirrigation systems can be programmed to discharge more precise

amounts of water in a targeted area, which promotes water conservation.

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4) Descriptions of components used

4.1) Arduino Development Board (ATMEGA8)

Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on

flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. It's intended for artists,

designers, hobbyists, and anyone interested in creating interactive objects

or environments. Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input

from a variety of sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling

lights, motors, and other actuators. The microcontroller on the board is

programmed using the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring)

and the Arduino development environment (based on Processing). Arduino

projects can be stand-alone or they can communicate with software

running on a computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP).

Below is the pin mapping for the Atmega8, the original chip used in earlyArduinos

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4.2) Depth sensors

Here we have used metal pins for sensing depth of field.

4.3) Temperature Sensor (LM 35) It has an output voltage that is proportional to the Celsius

temperature.

The scale factor is .01V/oC

The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming andmaintains an accuracy of +/-0.4 oC at room temperature and +/-0.8 oC over a range of 0 oC to +100 oC.

Another important characteristic of the LM35DZ is that it draws only60 micro amps from its supply and possesses a low self-heating

capability. The sensor self-heating causes less than 0.1 oCtemperature rise in still air.

4.4) L293D MOTOR DRIVING IC

L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC). Motor drivers

act as current amplifiers since they take a low-current control signal and

provide a higher-current signal. This higher current signal is used to drive

the motors.

L293D contains two inbuilt H-bridge driver circuits. In its common mode of

operation, two DC motors can be driven simultaneously, both in forward

and reverse direction. The motor operations of two motors can be

controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15. Input logic 00 or 11

will stop the corresponding motor. Logic 01 and 10 will rotate it in

clockwise and anticlockwise directions, respectively.

Enable pins 1 and 9 (corresponding to the two motors) must be high formotors to start operating. When an enable input is high, the associated

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driver gets enabled. As a result, the outputs become active and work in

phase with their inputs. Similarly, when the enable input is low, that driver

is disabled, and their outputs are off and in the high-impedance state.

4.5) Voltage regulator ICs 7805 and 7809

7805 and 7809 are the voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a

member of 78xx series of fixed linear voltage regulator ICs. The voltage

source in a circuit may have fluctuations and would not give the fixed

voltage output. The voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage

at a constant value. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is

designed to provide. 7805 provides +5V regulated power supply whereas

7809 provides +9V regulated power supply. Capacitors of suitable values

can be connected at input and output pins depending upon the respective

voltage levels.

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5) Block diagram

5 volt

9 volt

6) WorkingThe depth sensor will sense depth up too which water is present in the

field and temperature sensor will sense temperature of the field. If level ofwater in the field drops beyond certain level than the output of the sensor

will go high, If temperature is in the proper range and suitable for

irrigation, then microcontroller will provide high output to motor driving

IC. Hence motor will start drawing water from the nearby source. When

proper amount of water (as required for particular crop) is drawn by motor

then automatically microcontroller will cut supply from the motor as the

result proper amount of water will be given to the crop.

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DEPTH

SENSOR

TEMPERATU

RE

MICROCONTROL

LER

ATMEGA8

L293D

DISPLA

Y

DEVICE

MOTOR


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7) Software and Final PCB layoutSoftware programming language used Arduino

int a= 8;

int b = 9;

void setup() {Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(a, INPUT);

pinMode(b, OUTPUT);

}

void loop() {

int c= digitalRead(a);

int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);

if (c==LOW)

{digitalWrite(b, HIGH);

delay(50);

Serial.print("\n MORE WATER IS NEEDED ");

Serial.print("\t\t STANDARD TEMPERATURE=20-25 degree ");

Serial.print("\t\t STANDARD DEPTH= 2.4 cm ");

}

if (c==HIGH)

{

digitalWrite(b, LOW);

delay(50);

Serial.print("\n NO MORE WATER IS NEEDED NOW ");

Serial.print("\n THANK YOU FOR WATCHING ");

}

float voltage = sensorValue * (5.0 / 1023.0)*10;

if( voltage > 25)

{

digitalWrite(b, LOW);

Serial.print("\t\t NOT PROPER TEMPERATURE ");

}Serial.print("\t\t temperature in degree celcius= ");

Serial.println(voltage);

{

delay(5000);}

}

8) Final PCB layout

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9) Conclusions and Advantages:

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The system provides with several benefits and can operate with less

manpower. The system supplies water only when the humidity in the soil

goes below the reference. Due to the direct transfer of water to the roots

water conservation takes place and also helps to maintain the moisture to

soil ratio at the root zone constant to some extend. Thus, the system isefficient and compatible to the changing environment.

Advantages

1. Saves water - Studies show that drip irrigation systems use 30 - 50%

less water than conventional watering methods, such as sprinklers.

2. Improves growth - Smaller amounts of water applied over a longer

amount of time provide ideal growing conditions. Drip irrigation extends

watering times for plants, and prevents soil erosion and nutrient runoff.

Also, because the flow is continuous, water penetrates deeply into the soil

to get well down into the root zone.

3. Discourages weeds - Water is only delivered where it's needed.

4. Saves time - Setting and moving sprinklers is not required. A timer

delay as per environment can be added to the system for automatic

watering.

5. Helps control fungal diseases, which grow quickly under moist

conditions. Also, wet foliage can spread disease.

6. Adaptable - A drip irrigation system can be modified easily to adjust to

the changing needs of a garden or lawn.

7. Simplest Method - Start by drawing a map of your garden and yard,

showing the location of plantings. Measure the distances required for

lengths of hose or plastic tubing to reach the desired areas.

With a numerous fields of application and various advantages of the

system has made it one of the major option available for the farmers. The

increasing interest in this area of research may bring about more and

more consumer efficient system. Water scarcity the major problem is well

handled by the system. The changing climatic condition and global

warming issues prevailing throughout the world can be overcome only

through this system. The automatic irrigation system will be every

farmers choice in a decade or so. The improper advertising was the solereason for the late adoption and acquaintance of the system that took

place in the late eighties. But with the awareness spreading all over the

globe the system is earning acceptance and so, a number of scientist are

investing their time to perfect the system.

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9) Referenceswww.arduino.cc.in

www.engineeringgarage.com

Integrated Circuits by R.S. Botkar

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