AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Submitted by

JAGADEESH KUMAR1602-14-744-005

CONTENTSINTRODUCTIONTYPES OF IRRIGATIONSBLOCK DIAGRAMSOIL MOISTURE SENSORCOMPARATORMICROCONTROLLERCONTROL UNITADVANTAGESCONCLUSION

BRIEFINGIrrigation is the artificial application of

water to the land or soil.It is used to assist in the growing of

agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall.

irrigation also has a few other uses in crop production, which include protecting plants against frost.

TYPES OF IRRIGATIONS

Surface Irrigation

Drip Irrigation

Sprinkler Irrigation

PROBLEMSOverIrrigation.UnderIrrigationFarm Lands & Fields situated miles away

from your home. Extensive travel required, sometimes several times in a day to start & stop the irrigation water pumps. 

Land is more, we need more manpower.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

MOISTURE SENSOR For conversion of change in resistance to change in voltage, the sensor

is connected with a 200 kΩ resistor in series to form a potential divider arrangement

It gives a voltage output corresponding to the conductivity of the soil. The conductivity of soil varies depending upon the amount of moisture present in it. It increases with increase in the water content of the soil. The higher the water content in the soil, the lower the electrical resistance.

The voltage output is taken from the output terminal of this circuit. The moisture sensor is immersed into the specimen soil whose moisture content is under test.

COMPARATORFor the comparator circuit, we are using IC LM 358 which has two

opamps. We have selected two thresholds: 5 V for logic high and 3 V for logic

low. These two levels are set at the positive terminal of each opamp. The output of the potential divider is given to the negative terminals of the opamps.

The two opamps are arranged such that when the output of the potential divider circuit falls below the preset value of lower opamp the lower opamp gives logic 0 and the upper opamp gives logic 1.

When the output of potential divider circuit is in between range (5 V and 3V), then both opamps give logic 1 and when output of potential divider circuit is above the set value of upper opamp, then the upper opamp gives logic 0 and lower opamp gives logic 1.

The output of the comparator circuit is fed to SR Latch

COMPARATOR

S.no VOLTAGE RANGE

SOIL CONDITION

LOGIC OF OPAMP 1 (UPPER)

LOGIC OF OPAMP2 (LOWER)

1 >5V EXCESS WET

0

1

2 >3V & < 5V

OPTIMUM 1 1

3 <3V DRY 1 0

SR LATCH

S.NO VOLTAGE RANGE

SOIL CONDITION

S R Q

1 >5V EXCESS WET

1 0 0

2 >3V &<5V

OPTIMUM

1 1 0

1 1 1

3 <3V DRY 0 1 1

89s52-CONTROLLER8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory.4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range.Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz.256 x 8-bit Internal RAM.32 Programmable I/O Lines.Three 16-bit Timer/Counters. Eight Interrupt Sources. Full Duplex UART Serial Channel. Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes. Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode. Watchdog Timer. Power-off Flag. Fast Programming Time

CONTROL UNITThe basic operation of control unit is the

controlling solenoid by microcontroller which is defined by particular program.

solenoid is connected with an output pin of microcontroller via a relay circuit which is connected with a transistor.

SOLENOIDElectromagnetic device which produces a

magnetic field when electric current passed through it.

These are used mainly in opening and closing of valves.

Operation of valves is done using a relay circuit.

RELAY CIRCUIT

A relay is an electrical switch that uses an electromagnet to move the switch from the off to on position instead of a person moving the switch .

ADVANTAGES This makes increase in productivity Reduces water consumptionReduces manpowerMuch land will be irrigated

CONCLUSIONThe Microcontroller based drip irrigation

system proves to be a real time feedback  control system which monitors and controls all the activities of drip irrigation system efficiently. The present proposal is a model to modernize the agriculture industries at a mass scale with optimum expenditure. Using this system, one can save manpower, water to improve production and ultimately profit.