INTERNETOFTHINGS:TRENDS,DIRECTIONS,OPPORTUNITIES,CHALLENGES

I.F.AKYILDIZ

KenByersChairProfessorinTelecommunicationsGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology

SchoolofElectricalandComputerEngineeringBWN(BroadbandWirelessNetworking)Lab

Atlanta,GA30332,USAhttp://www.ece.gatech.edu/research/labs/bwn

IFA’2017

WhatistheInternetofThings?Internetconnectsallpeopleà “InternetofPeople”IoT connectsallthingsà “InternetofThings”

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InterconnectionofThingsorObjectsorMachines,e.g.,sensors,actuators,mobilephones,electronicdevices,homeappliances,anyexistingitemsandinteractwitheachotherviaInternet.

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INTERNETOFTHINGSGROWTH

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MAJORSUBJECTOF5GWIRELESSSYSTEMS(2020-2030)

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Connectionof7BillionofPeopleand

7TrillionThings

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MAJORCHARACTERISTICS

n VeryLargeScale

n Heterogeneity

n PervasivityComputingandcommunicationtechnologieswillbeembeddedinourenvironments

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IFA’2017

4LayersModelofIoT

SmartLogistic SmartGrid GreenBuilding SmartTransport Env.Monitor

DataCenter SearchEngine SmartDecision Info.Security DataMining

WWAN

WPAN

WMAN

WLAN

Internet

GPS SmartDevice RFID Sensor Sensor

IntegratedApplication

InformationProcessing

NetworkConstruction

SensingandIdentification

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INTERNETOFUNDERWATERTHINGS

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INTERNETOFUNDERGROUNDTHINGS

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InternetofBattlefieldThings

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INTERNETOFSPACETHINGS

CoffeemugsizeSatellites

Univ ofNewMexico

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OverbodyNano-Things

ConsumerElectronicDevices

“OtherNano-Things”

Internet

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I. F.AkyildizandJ.M.Jornet,”TheInternetofNano-Things,”IEEEWirelessCommunicationsMagazine,2010.

INTERNETOFNANOTHINGS

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CalciumSignaling

Bacteria Communication

MolecularMotors

HormonesInternet

HealthcareProvider

Bio-CyberInterface

INTERNETOFBIO-NANOTHINGSI.F.AKYILDIZ,M.PIEROBON,S.BALASUBRAMANIAM,Y.KOUCHERYAVY,"THEINTERNETOFBIO-NANOTHINGS”,IEEECOMMUNICATIONSMAGAZINE,MARCH2015

Objective:TointerconnecttheheterogeneousBio-NanoThing NetworkstotheInternet

Neurons

IFA’2017

INTERNETOFTHINGS:PERSPECTIVE

AnyTIME

AnyTHING

AnyPLACE• HumantoHuman(H2H)• HumantoThing(H2T)• ThingtoThing (T2T)

• Outdoors• Indoors• OntheMove

• OntheMove• OutdoorsandIndoors• NightsandDaytime

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IFA’2017

TOPINDUSTRIESKEYFORIOT APPLICATIONSDEVELOPMENTANDREVENUEGENERATION

14Automative &Transportation

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RECENTIOT PRODUCTS

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IOT PLATFORMSONTHEMARKET

n GEPredixn CiscoIoT Cloudn IBMWatsonIoTn PTCThingWorx

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GEPREDIX

nUsesaplatformasaservice(PaaS)modelandisa cloud-basedOS

nBuiltonCloudFoundry,anopen-sourceplatform,andisoptimizedforsecureconnectivityandanalyticsatscale,bothinthecloudandontheedge

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IFA’2017

CISCOIOT CLOUDnDesignedaroundsixpillarsoftechnology:

– Networkconnectivity– Fogcomputing– Dataanalytics– Security(cyberandphysical),– Management/automation,and– Applicationenablement.

Cloudaddresseschallengesacrossawidevarietyofindustries,includingmanufacturing,utilities,oilandgas,transportation,mining,andthepublicsector.

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IFA’2017

IBMWATSONIOT

CloudFoundry,Docker®,OpenStack®,WatsonIoT Platformdevelopment

PlatformconnectssensorstocloudapplicationsusingIBMBluemix®

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PTC®THINGWORX®

nThreepillarsoftechnology:l Coreapplicationenablementl Connectionserviceswithdeviceandcloudadopters,andl EdgeconnectivityusingtheEdgeMicroServer andEdge“AlwaysOn”devices

(27%marketshare)

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IFA’2017

APPLICATIONOFIOT:SMARTHOME

• RemoteMonitoring/Control(Appliances)

• Safety:Whendothedoorsopen/close?

• EnergyManagement:Turnoffthelights/AC?

• Maintenance:Arethesinks/pipesleaking?

• EntertainmentControl

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IFA’2017

ADOPTIONOFIOT NETWORKS:HEALTHCAREINDUSTRY

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– Remotepatientmonitoringservices–Mobilehealthtechnology– Telemedicine–MedicationManagement– ImprovedClinicalCare– Employeeworkflowmanagementand– Inpatientmonitoring

TheglobalIoThealthcaremarketisexpectedtogrowfrom$32.47billionin2015to$163.24billionby2020:

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AdoptionofIoT Networks:Transportation

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• Savelivesandproperty• Reduceemissionsand• Cutcommutingtimeandeffort

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SCVGateway

Tetheredconnection

InternalWiFi

ExternalWiFi

DSRC802.11p

(Multiple)3G,4G/LTE

Bluetooth

AdoptionofIoT Networks:Transportation

1.3GB/h

SATELLITE

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IFA’2017

IntelligentTransportation

• Driverwarning,autopilot,emergencyselfstop,trafficmanagement

• Real-timevehicletrackingandfleetmanagement• Routeplanninginformation,high-precisionestimatedarrivaltimes• Valuabledataforinsurancecompanies

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IFA’2017

ADOPTIONOFIOT NETWORKS:SMARTGRID

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.”

UtilitycompaniesuseIoT toimprove*assetperformance*reducecosts*infrastructuremanagement,*lowersupplychainrisksand*empoweremployeesandconsumers*Moreefficientandproactivemaintenance

Bytheendof2017,annualsmartgridspendinginChinacouldtotal$20billion,withsmartmeterscomprising$2billionofthattotal

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TRENDSINSPENDINGFORIOTSOLUTIONS

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WorldwideIoT marketwillgrowfrom$655.8 B/2014to$1.7 T/2020withacompoundannualgrowthrate of16.9%.

IoT analyticsmarketisestimatedtogrowataCAGRof27.48%from2015to2020toreach$16.35B by2020.

Totalservicespending(includingprofessional,consumerandconnectivityservices)willreach $482billionin2020,growingata21%CAGRfrom2013.

IoT marketinmanufacturingoperationswillgrowfrom$42.2B/2013to$98.8B/2018

GlobalspendingonretailIoTinitiativesisexpectedtogrowfrom$14.3B/2015to$35B/2020.

IFA’2017

IOT CONNECTIVITYCOMPETITIVELANDSCAPE

Range(m)

DataRate

1 10 100 1000 5000

100bps

10kbps

100kbps

1Mbps

10Mbps

802.15.4

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IFA’2017

Current3GPPStandardizationforIoT

eMTC•NB-IoT

EC-GSMRelease13

CategoryMdeviceforLTE

NarrowbandIoT

ExtendedCoverageGSM

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IFA’2017

SCALINGTOCONNECTTHEINTERNETOFTHINGS

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eMTC (Cat-M1)Upto1Mbps1.4MHznarrowband

NB-IoT (Cat-M2)10sofkbpsto100sofkbps180kHznarrowband

LTECat-1Upto10Mbps20MHz

LTEAdvanced> 10Mbpsn x20MHz

ScalingdownincomplexityandpowerScalingupinperformanceandmobility

LTE Advanced(Today+) LTEIoT (Release13+)

Significantlywideningtherangeofenterpriseandconsumerusecases

ConnectedHealthcare

Mobile

VideoSecurity

Wearables

ObjectTracking

UtilityMetering

SmartBuildings

CityInfrastructureEnvironment

Monitoring

ConnectedCar

IFA’2017

MAJOROBSTACLESFORIOTDEPLOYMENTS

nHighCostsofrequiredinvestmentinIoTinfrastructurenConcernsaboutsecurityandprivacynLackofseniormanagementknowledge/commitmentnWeaknessesinorganization’stechnologyinfrastructurenRegulation(e.g.,relatingtodataprivacy)nWeaknessesinpubliccominfrastructureavailabletoorganizationn ImmaturityofindustrystandardaroundtheIoTnGeneraleconomicuncertaintynUndevelopedconsumerawarenessnAbsenceofbusinesscase/businessmodel 31

IFA’2017

WHATMEASURETHECOMPANIESTAKENTOUSETHEIOTMOREEXTENSIVELYINTHEBUSINESS

n Seekingadvicefromthirdpartyexperts/consultantsn Learningfromthesuccessesorfailuresofearlymoversn TrainingexistingstafftoworkwiththeIoTn Conductingorsponsoringresearchtoestablishmarketsize/demandn Establishingacross-functionaltaskforcetoexploreand/orpursueIoTopportunities

n IntroducingnewbusinessmodelsnRaisingfreshcapitaltoexploreIoToptionsnHiringtalentwithIoTcapabilitiesn EstablishingjointventuresoralliancestoexploitIoTopportunitiesn EstablishinganIoTcenterofexcellencenAcquiringabusinessorassetswithIoTcapabilities

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IFA’2017

n ITservices(businessconsulting)àMajorDriver

n IoT drivesdemandforDATAANALYTICS:Datamustbemanaged,integratedandanalyzed

n IoT drivesdemandforCLOUDCOMPUTING

n IoT dataà DATABROKERIoT generateddataisbought,analyzedandsolde.g.,IBMbuysTheWeatherCompanydata

n InteroperabilityProblems

n Security 33

IOT TRENDSTOWATCHINTHEFUTURE

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RESEARCHCHALLENGES

nScalability(MassiveNumberofDevices)nHandledatageneratedby50billiondevicesnReliableCoveragenMovecloudservicestoedgeofthenetwork(FogComputing)nReducedatatobestored(ProcessingandStorage)nPowerConsumptionProblem(EnergyHarvesting;SWOptimization)nSDN/NFVBasedIoT

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SDN/NFVBasedIoT (5G)

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CHALLENGE:STANDARDIZATION

nStandardizationfor– Interoperability– HeterogeneityofSensors– InterfacestoCloudServers

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