7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

1/44

ICT & Development

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

2/44

The worlds poorest two billion people desperately

need healthcares not laptops..

Mothers are going to walk right up that computerand say My children are dying what can youdo? Theyre not going to sit there and, likebrowse eBay or something.

What they want is for their children to live. Do youreally have to put in computers to figure that

out?

Bill Gates Chairman and ChiefSoftware Architect, Microsoft

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

3/44

Defining ICT

Refer to technologies (web-based, SMS,

MIS, lans) that facilitate by electronic

means the creation, storage management

and dissemination of information

(Digital Opportunities Task force,2002)

As a vehicle for communication rather than

simply a means of processing information(Curtain, 2004)

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

4/44

Types of ICTs

Old newspapers, radio and television

New networked computers, satellite-sources

communications, wireless technology and the

internet. A feature of these technologies is theircapacity to be networked and interlinked to form

a massive infrastructure of interconnected

telephone services, standardized computing

hardware, the internet, radio and TV, whichreaches every corner of the globe.

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

5/44

Definition of Development

A critical factor that has to be considered in

the application of ICT for development is

whether it serves the poor especially with

respect to dimensions of poverty such ashealth, lack of voice and lack of

information (Curtain, 2004)

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

6/44

Development Projects

Development projects pertain to activities

that relate to the socio-economic well

being of the country or the community.

This involves activities related to health,education, commerce, the environment

and governance. These are projects

administered within the context of anorganization

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

7/44

As such, understanding the definitions ofICTs and development, Tiglao & Alampay

(2003) highlights the ICT projects that

have direct impact on empowering people

in poor communities as well as impact on

alleviating poverty and addressing the

MDGs

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

8/44

Reclassification of ICT4D

World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)

ICT4D Typology ICT ApplicationPolitical/Governance/empowerment E-government

Economic/Livelihood E-business

E-employment

E-agriculture

Social/Education E-learning

E-health

E-environment

Infrastructure/Access E-science

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

9/44

The UN Millennium

Development Goals

MDG is a system of time bound and measurablegoals and targets that the 191 member states onthe UNs have committed to during the UNMillennium Summit in Sept. 2000.

The goals and targets cut across three broadsectors of development:

a. Economic well-being

b. Social developmentc. Environmental sustainability and

regeneration

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

10/44

The system seeks to enhance the

capability of member states in achieving

development by combating poverty,hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental

degradation and discrimination against

women as well as commitment to humanrights, good governance and democracy

The UN Millennium

Development Goals

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

11/44

The Millennium declaration clearly recognizes

the potential and crucial role that information

and communication technologies can play inmeeting the development goals as contained in

target 18, which states that in co-operation with

the private sector, make available the benefits of

new technologies, especially information andcommunication

The UN Millennium

Development Goals

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

12/44

Global Perspective of ICT

for Development

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

13/44

The WSIS (2003) identified the five (5) priority

themes and their respective sub-themes under its

ICT4D platforms

1. Innovating for Equitable Access

a. Access/connectivity/last/first mile innovation

including WIFI

b. Financing ICT4D

c. Affordable solutions

d. Open solutions/open source

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

14/44

2. Enhancing Human Capacity and

Empowerment

a. Capacity building (formal and non-formal

education/skills development, e-learning)

b. Youthc. Women/gender

d. Indigenous community/ people

e. Health

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

15/44

3. Strengthening Communications for

Development

a. Enhancing communication through media

b. Intercultural communication

c. Humanitarian aid and disaster information

system

d. Conflict prevention and resolution

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

16/44

4. Promoting Local Content and knowledgea. Local culture, knowledge and content

b. Indigenous knowledge

c. Local media

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

17/44

5. Fostering Policy Implementationa. e-Strategies

b. e-Governance (including security)

c. e-Commerce/e-Business

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

18/44

Approaches to the Use

of ICT in Development

1. ICT as LEAD. In focuses on ICT as a driver of thedevelopment process. The ICT led approach usuallyaims to provide the poor the opportunities to receiveup-to-date information or achieve an enhanced abilityto communicate with others.

(Telecentres seek to promote economic growth throughaccess to better opportunities to generate income as ameans of poverty reduction)

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

19/44

2. ICT plays a supporting roles. In ICT

support places development objective to

the fore and seeks to use ICT to supportthe objective

Approaches to the Use

of ICT in Development

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

20/44

ICT Applications: Benefits in All

Aspect of Life

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

21/44

Breakdown of ICT Projects and

Their Application (Tiglao, 2004)

ICT Application # of Projects %

E-governance 240 59.70

E-learning 100 24.87

E-science 43 10.69E-business 37 9.20

E-environment 22 5.47

E-health 19 4.72

E-agriculture 13 3.23

E-employment 12 2.98

402

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

22/44

ICT4D Applications

1. E-government/E-governance Easier to access government information

Government is also the largest single contributor

to the local economy Diversity in egovernance projects

Diversity in the technologies used

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

23/44

Websites

Philippine government portal (www.gov.ph) 1,694 LGUs have a web-presence (91% are at

stage 1static)

Notable websites that won awards from NCC areNaga City, Nueva Ecija province, Zamboangadel Sur province, municipalities of Gerona,Tarmac, Abra de Ilog, Occidental Mindoro

http://www.gov.ph/http://www.gov.ph/

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

24/44

Short Messaging Systems (SMS)

Used for complaints, suggestions, and

request for information ex. Patrol 117,

DepEd DETxt, TextSSS, Patrol 2920 andText NAIA

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

25/44

Computerization and Specialized

Databases

1. e-LGUs projects

a. Real property tax systems

b. Business permits and licensing

system

c. Treasury operations management

systems

d. Tax mapping system

e. Geographic information system

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

26/44

Best Practices

Naga City. The citys website, which

updates and informs the citizens on city

services, financial and bidding reports, city

legislations, investment data, statistics andprocedures in local bureaucracy

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

27/44

2. E-businessa. E-ticketing

b. B2b: b2bpricenow, bayantrade,virtual malls (divisoria.com,

turoturo.com, myAyala.com,

PadalaKo.com,online portal

EXPERTRADE, electronic yellow pages(EYP.ph)

c. For SMEs: eastASEANbiz.net, Asia Pacific Economic

Council (APEC), APEC Centre for Technology

Exchange for Small and Medium Enterprise

(ACTETSME)

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

28/44

3. E-learning a. Distance learning b.ICT Skills Development c. NetworkingKnowledge Institutions and d. Providing

access and exposure to the technologies

DOTC Mobile Information Technology

Classroom

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

29/44

4. E-employment: overseas and localemployment

Overseas: use of internet, e-mail,net

meeting, cyber photos and cybergreetings.OWWA teleugnayan centres,

SART Padala Remittance Service,

SMART money (Estopace, 2004)

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

30/44

Local employment DOLE(http://phil-

jobnet2.dole.gov.ph) LGUs: job posting inNaga City, Bulacan Province and Bohol

Province (Niles and Hanson, 2003)

http://phil-jobnet2.dole.gov.ph/http://phil-jobnet2.dole.gov.ph/http://phil-jobnet2.dole.gov.ph/http://phil-jobnet2.dole.gov.ph/http://phil-jobnet2.dole.gov.ph/

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

31/44

5. E-environment. Most of the projectsinvolved Geographic Information System(GIS) applications to map out, contour,hydrology, land use, soil type, erosion,

loan cover, population, among othersSMS: bantay usok, bantay dagat, bantaykalikasan

NDCC/PAGASA monitor weather andenvironmental disturbances

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

32/44

6. E-agriculture. Agriculture and FisheriesResearch and Development Information

system (AFRDIS), national Information

Network (NIN), Agriculture and Natural

Resources Information Network (AGRINET),Farmers Information and

Technology services (FITS), Geographic

Information System to identify soil patters and

topographies and mapping properties

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

33/44

7. E-science. Projects pertains to theaccess of the ICT infrastructure:Multipurpose Community TeleCenterproject (www.barangayconnect.ph),

ATIKHAs use of video phones for OFWfamilies (Doyo, 2002), broadband accesssuch as in PREGINET and CATNET andIFDCIs use of satellite and omnidirectional antennas (Hocson, 2002)

http://www.barangayconnect.ph/http://www.barangayconnect.ph/

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

34/44

8. E- Health. E-health initiatives can be

classified into main categories:a. Health information and education (internet,SMS, dedicated hotlines) DOH SARs hotlinesand textlines)

b. Specialised databases and informationsystems (Infectious Disease Data ManagementSystems) e-conferences Qu4Rad(www.qu4rad.net), ICT enhanced managementinformation system on HIV/AIDS and sexual

reproductive health services

http://www.qu4rad.net/http://www.qu4rad.net/

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

35/44

LGU Web-presence (as of September 30, 2005)NATIONWIDE

WithWebsite

Stage1

Stage2

Stage3

Stage4

Stage5

Total %

Cities

(n=117)

20 75 20 0 0 115 98.3

Provinces(n=79)

18 47 14 0 0 79 100

Municipalities

(n= 1500)1,215 229 50

0 0 1,494 99.6

Total

(n=1696)

1,253 351 84 0 0 1,688 99.5

Source: National Computer Centre (2005)

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

36/44

Genesis and History of DOT Force

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

37/44

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

38/44

43 members participated

DOT Force Representatives17 government

representatives + 1

Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, UK,

USA, and a representative from European Commission

Developing countries governments (Bolivia, Brazil,

Egypt, India, Indonesia, Senegal, South Africa and

Tanzania)

7 representatives

from Internationals

/multilateral

organizations

ECOSOC, ITU, OECD, UNDP, UNCTAD, UNESCO,

WB

11 representatives

from private sectors

Three global networks: GIIC, GBDE and WEF

8 Representative from

non profit sector

One representative from each G8 country

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

39/44

DOT Force focused on

the three main objectives

1. To enhance global understanding and

consensus on the challenges and

opportunities posed by information and

communication technologies, and the rolethat these technologies can play in

fostering sustainable, participatory

development, better governance, wealthcreation, and empowerment of local

communities and vulnerable groups

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

40/44

2. To foster greater coherence amongvarious initiatives, both G8 and other

currently underway or proposed to

address these challenges and

opportunities

3. To enhance the effective mobilization of

resources to address these challenges

and opportunities

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

41/44

Barriers to take up of ICT for

Development

No robust inventory of documented development

outcomes

Many projects have been viewed as technology

transfer rather than aiming to achieve development

outcomes. This means that project success or failure

has been measured in terms whether a technical system

was deployed or not. The actual development outcome(or relevance) of the system was neither monitored nor

measured

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

42/44

There is the iceberg phenomenon meaning that ICTshave been hidden beneath the surface of other

development projects. When viewed as enables of otherdevelopment sectors, ICTs were rarely liked to impactindicators. This phenomenon suggests that ICT in manydevelopment projects is best viewed as a crosscuttingissue

A focus in project evaluation on management issues andproject cycles together with the use of inadequate tools,methodologies and timeframes, has hidden ICTs

contribution to longer-term social change

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

43/44

There has also a desire to hide failures on the part of

those involved, in many cases. Although any ICT fordevelopment initiatives have failed, few failure have

been documented. This is due to lack of incentives in

the development system to encourage project managers,

development agencies or implementing partners to

critically report and make public project shortfalls orfailures

UNDP Evaluation Office 2001

7/31/2019 ICT & Devt

44/44

Does access to advanced ICT benefit the

poor?