GAGNE’S CONDITIONS OF

LEARNING

Gagne’s Principles

1. Different instruction is requiredfor different learning outcomes.

Gagne named five categories of

learning: verbal information,intellectual skills, cognitive strategies,motor skills and attitudes.

Five Categories of Learning

Category of Learning

Example of Learning Outcome

Principles of Instructional

Verbal Information Stating previous learnedmaterials such as facts,concepts, principles, andprocedures,

1. Provide meaningfulcontext of informationfor encoding.

2. Provide elaborations,imagery, or otherencoding cues.

3. Organize informationso that it can belearned in chunks.

Five Categories of Learning

Intellectual Skills:Discriminations, Concrete Concepts, Defined Concepts, Rules, Higher Order Rules

Discriminations:Distinguishing objects,features or symbols.

Concrete Concepts:Identifying classes ofconcrete objects, featuresor events.

Defined Concepts:Classifying new examplesof events or ideas by theirdefinition,

1. Provide variedconcrete example andrules.

2. Provide opportunitiesfor interacting withexamples in differentways.

3. Assess learners in newsituations.

Five Categories of Learning

Rules:Applying a singlerelationship to solvea class of problems.

Order Rules:Applying a newcombination ofrules to solve acomplex problem,

Five Categories of Learning

Cognitive Strategies Employing personalways to guide learning,thinking, acting, andfeeling.

1. If the task-specific, itdescribes thestrategy; if task isgeneral,demonstrate thestrategy.

2. Provideopportunities forstrategy specificpractice with supportand feedback.

Five Categories of Learning

Attitudes Choosing personalactions based oninternal states ofunderstanding andfeeling.

1. Provide respected modelswho enact positive behaviorand reinforce the model.

2. Learners enact the behaviorand provide reinforcement.

Five Categories of Learning

Motor Skills Executingperformances involvingthe use of muscles.

1. Establish executivesubroutine for mentalrehearsal.

2. Arrange severalrepetitions of skillswith correctfeedback.

Gagne’s Principles

2. Learning hierarchies definewhat intellectual skills are tobe learned and a sequence ofinstruction.

3. Events of learning operate onthe learner in ways thatconstitute the conditions oflearning.

Gagne’s Principles

(1) Gaining attention (reception)

(2) Informing learners of the objective (expectancy)

(3) Stimulating recall of prior learning (retrieval)

(4) Presenting the stimulus (selective perception)

(5) Providing learning guidance (semantic encoding)

(6) Eliciting performance (responding)

(7) Providing feedback (reinforcement)

(8) Assessing performance (retrieval)

(9) Enhancing retention and transfer ( generalization)