Present status and future prospects of DNA barcoding in fish with special reference to India

Content Introduction COI Gene

DNA barcoding protocol

Review of past studies in

world

Indian scenario

Review of past studies in

India

Protocol conclusion

What is DNA barcoding? DNA barcoding is a taxnomic method that uses a short genetic

marker in an organism's DNA to identify it as belonging to a

particular species.

It differs from molecular phylogeny in that the main goal is not to

determine classification but to identify an unknown sample in terms

of a known classification.

DNA Barcoding is the genetic as well as taxonomic method which

analyses DNA sequence of a uniform target gene to enable species

identification.

example, if we write the barcode sequence of an barramundi (Lates

calcarifer) it would look like this:

History of DNA barcoding:

Huge biodivercity 15700 marine and 13700 fresh waterspecies (Fish Base; WWW.Fish base org.).

DNA barcoding is a taxonomic method that uses a shortgenetic marker in an organisms.

DNA Barcoding is the genetic as well as taxonomicmethod which analyses DNA sequence of a uniform targetgene to enable species identification.

.

Introduction

Cont… Identifies not only whole fish but also fish eggs and

larvae, fish fragments, fish fillets and processed fish.

The cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial

region (COI) is emerging as the standard barcode

region for higher animals.

Efficient method for species level identification and

as such, will contribute powerfully to taxonomic

and biodiversity research.

COI Gene

Why COI Gene?

DNA Barcoding Protocol

Review of past studies in world

India with its four of the 34 biodiversity global hotspots.

Accounts for 7.8% of the global finfish diversity (Database of

NBFGR).

Indian scenario

2,553 Indigenous fin fishes

1,563 Marine species

291 Exotic species

2,934 Species of crustaceans

765 Echinoderms

486 Sponges

844 Seaweed species

The present study provides the first major

barcode records for 115 commercially important

Indian marine fish species belonging to 37

families.

Result of present study

• This study has strongly authenticated the efficacyof COI in identifying the fish species withdesignated barcodes.

• DNA sequences within species need to be similarto one another than to sequences in differentspecies for making DNA barcoding approachsuccessful.

• These results suggest that COI barcoding can betaken up as pragmatic approach for resolvingunambiguous identification of the fish fauna ofIndian Ocean with applications in its managementand conservation.

ADVANTAGES OF DNA BARCODING

Offers alternative taxonomic identification tool for

situations in which morphology is inconclusive.

DNA barcoding can speed up identification of new

species

Potential capacity for high throughput and

processing large numbers of samples

Ten reasons for identifying species by DNA Barcodes1. Works with fragments

2. Works for all stages of life

3. Unmasks look-alikes

4. Reduces ambiguity

5. Makes expertise go further

6. Democratizes access

7. Opens the way for an electronic handheld field guide, the Life Barcode

8. Sprouts new leaves on the tree of life

9. Demonstrates value of collections

10.Speeds writing the encyclopedia of life

future prospects of DNA barcoding

• The State of Gujarat, having rich biodiversity, has exclusive strengths in marine resources.

• The longest coastline confers enviable richness in terms of species diversity with about 462 marine species of flora and 782 species of marine fauna, offer a vast potential base for research and development.

Thank you