First Cryomodule Delivered for LCLS-II | 28

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � !� � " � � � � # � � � $ % � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � &' � � # � � � ( ) � � % � � � * � � � � + � � � � � # � � � � � � � � , -� � � � � � � � # � � � � � % � � � � � � � � . � � � # / � � � � # � � � � , 0� / � � % � � � � � 1 � � � � � 2 3 � � � � � � 3 , ! � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ,

Volume 34 Number 1

Cold Facts | February 2018 | Volume 34 Number 1 www.cryogenicsociety.org5

Creating a Competitive Advantage with Chillzilla CO2

Design and Manufacture of Liquid Helium Vessels

Efficient Gettering Helps Keep Bulk Vessels Cool

Handling BOG in Micro-scale LNG Production

Fermilab Delivers First Cryomodule for Ultrapowerful X-ray

Laser at SLAC

Young Professionals: The Next Generation in Cryogenics

NIST Fires Up Digital Switch that Mimics Processing of

Human Brain

US Jury Sides with AMSC, Convicts Chinese Company for

Intellectual Property Theft

Book Review: Thermodynamic Properties of Cryogenic

Fluids

Conference Connect

Executive Director’s Letter

Defining Cryogenics

Cryo-Oops

Space Cryogenics

Superconducting Magnet Sets 32–T World Record

Cryotherm Opens Atlanta Office and Warehouse

Energy Secretary Tours Labs, Praises Researchers

TRIUMF Celebrating 50-Year Anniversary in 2018

Inside This Issue

In all instances, 4 CSA CSM 5 indicates a Corporate Sustaining Member of CSA.

ON OUR COVER DID YOU KNOW?

The first of 37 new cryomodules

has been delivered to SLAC National

Accelerator Laboratory for its planned

LCLS-II upgrade. The cover photo shows

the unit at the Cryomodule Test Facility

at Fermi National Accelerator Labora-

tory (CSA CSM), where 22 of the mod-

ules are under construction. Read more

on page 28.

Dr. Ray Radebaugh will return to the podium once again

for CSA’s Foundations of Cryocoolers Short Course, presented

June 18 before ICC20. Joining Radebaugh is Dr. Peter Shirron.

Register today: http://2csa.us/shortcourses.

CSA’s Cryogenic Safety webinar series drew 329 regis-

tered attendees. Access archived sessions at http://2csa.

us/webinars.

Dr. J.G. Weisend’s new book “He is for Helium” is now

available on CSA’s website: http://2csa.us/he. It’s an in-

valuable resource for anyone wishing to expand their knowl-

edge of the “must know” terms for work in cryogenics.

3826 44

FEATURES COLUMNS

8

10

12

14

28

32

38

39

41

42

6

23

25

26

16

19

20

21

16

SPOTLIGHTS

CALENDAR

PEOPLE & COMPANIES

PRODUCT SHOWCASE43

44

45

Cold Facts | February 2018 | Volume 34 Number 1 www.cryogenicsociety.org37

6 7 8 9 7 : ; 6 < : 7 8 ; 6 7 : = ; > ? 6 < @ = 7 ? A ? < 9 7 : B C D E@ < B 6 = D F 8 ; F D 7 6 ? A 7 D 7 : F G 6 : ; D ? 8 = ? ? = C D A= 8 ; F = D F ; D @ > = H < 7 I G = D F F ; ? 7 ? JK L M N M O P N L P Q R S N T Q U R O N M V N W P X P Y ZR U Q P V N S T V [ O \ R ] P V T [ S ^ _ D 7 C I 6 ` 7 8 C ? 6= 8 9 C : 6 ; D 6 @ 7 a 7 > C 9 8 7 D 6 ? = D B : G C F 7 D = B ? = ?? < 9 7 : B C D @ < B 6 = D F 8 ; F D 7 6 6 7 B ` D C > C F G J b ` 7; @ a ; D B 7 ? = D 6 ` = ? I = 7 > @ ` ; a 7 c 7 7 D = D ? 6 : < E8 7 D 6 ; > = D @ 7 a 7 > C 9 = D F d e f ? A g d e ? ; D @C 6 ` 7 : @ 7 a = B 7 ? 6 ` ; 6 ` ; a 7 B C D 6 : = c < 6 7 @ 6 C C < := D B : 7 ; ? 7 @ h D C i > 7 @ F 7 ; D @ ; > > C i 7 @ I C : I < : E6 ` 7 : 8 7 @ = B ; > ; D @ ? B = 7 D 6 = I = B ; @ a ; D B 7 8 7 D 6 ? Jj 7 ; : 7 B C D 6 = D < C < ? > G I C B < ? = D F C D ; > = F D = D FC < : B : G C : 7 I : = F 7 : ; 6 C : @ 7 a 7 > C 9 8 7 D 6 ? 6 C 9 : C Ea = @ 7 6 ` 7 D 7 k 6 c 7 ? 6 ? C > < 6 = C D I C : 6 ` 7 B ` ; > > 7 D F 7 ?9 : 7 ? 7 D 6 7 @ 6 C < ? JK L M N M W X M V [ P S W R \ R l L R U P N R S P PT V N L P m l N l O P ^ n D G D 7 i @ = ? B C a 7 : G ` ; ? 6 ` 79 C 6 7 D 6 = ; > 6 C @ : ; ? 6 = B ; > > G B ` ; D F 7 6 ` 7 B C < : ? 7 C I? B = 7 D 6 = I = B ` = ? 6 C : G J o ; : > G = D @ = B ; 6 C : ? 6 7 > > < ? 6 ` ; 6; @ a ; D B 7 ? = D H < ; D 6 < 8 B C 8 9 < 6 = D F i = > > > 7 ; @6 C 8 ; p C : ? B = 7 D 6 = I = B c : 7 ; h 6 ` : C < F ` ? ; B : C ? ? 6 ` 7? B = 7 D 6 = I = B A 8 ; 6 ` 7 8 ; 6 = B ; > ; D @ 8 7 @ = B ; > B C 8 E8 < D = 6 = 7 ? J q = a 7 D 6 ` 7 F : C i = D F = D @ < ? 6 : G E i = @ 7I C B < ? C D H < ; D 6 < 8 B C 8 9 < 6 = D F A f 6 ` = D h i 7i = > > ? 6 ; : 6 6 C ? 7 7 6 ; D F = c > 7 : 7 ? < > 6 ? = D 6 ` 7 D 7 k 6I = a 7 6 C r s G 7 ; : ? JK L P O P [ M V O P M W P O S m T V W R l N Q R O PM t R l N \ R l O U O R u P [ N S ^ v : G C 8 7 B ` w ? ? ; > 7 ? ; D @8 ; : h 7 6 = D F 6 7 ; 8 @ C 7 ? ; D 7 k B 7 9 6 = C D ; > p C c C I< D a 7 = > = D F ; D @ 9 : C 8 C 6 = D F 6 ` 7 9 : C @ < B 6 ? 6 ` ; 6v : G C 8 7 B ` ` ; ? @ 7 a 7 > C 9 7 @ J f D I C : 8 ; 6 = C D B ; Dc 7 I C < D @ a = ; 9 < c > = B ; 6 = C D ? ? < B ` ; ? 6 ` = ? C D 7 AC < : i 7 c ? = 6 7 A [ O \ R Q P [ L x [ R Q A ; D @ ? C B = ; >8 7 @ = ; C < 6 > 7 6 ? ? < B ` ; ? y = D h 7 @ f D J

z \ P W l [ M N T R V M Y M V W U O R m P S S T R V M Yt M [ { ] O R l V W | f ` ; a 7 ; } } n = D 8 ; : h 7 6 = D FI : C 8 6 ` 7 ~ D = a 7 : ? = 6 G C I v = D B = D D ; 6 = � � s s � �

; D @ ; d } n = D = D 6 7 : D ; 6 = C D ; > c < ? = D 7 ? ? I : C 8� ; a = 7 : ~ D = a 7 : ? = 6 G � � s r � � Jf i ; ? ` = : 7 @ ; ? ; 9 : C 9 C ? ; > 7 D F = D 7 7 : I C :6 ` 7 d n q E f n � A y y v � d n q E f n � � 8 ; B ` = D 76 C C > c < = > @ 7 : = D � s s � J d G c < ? = D 7 ? ? < D = 6 I C EB < ? 7 @ C D 9 : C a = @ = D F B C D ? < 8 ; c > 7 ? ? < B ` ; ?8 7 6 ; > i C : h = D F I > < = @ ? A B < 6 6 = D F 6 C C > ? ; D @i C : h ` C > @ = D F J f D � s r s A d n q E f n � B : 7 ; 6 7 @; B : G C F 7 D = B 8 ; B ` = D = D F c < ? = D 7 ? ? < D = 6 A ; D @? = D B 7 6 ` 7 D f w a 7 c 7 7 D i C : h = D F i = 6 ` 6 ` = ? 6 7 B ` ED C > C F G J f D � s r � A � d o A y y v i ; ? B : 7 ; 6 7 @ ; ? ;? 9 = D E C < 6 C I d n q E f n � A ; > > C i = D F I C : 6 ` 7 6 7 B ` ED C > C F G 6 C c 7 C I I 7 : 7 @ ; B : C ? ? ; > > 8 ; B ` = D 7 6 C C >c : ; D @ ? ; D @ 9 > ; 6 I C : 8 ? J f C : = F = D ; > > G i C : h 7 @; ? ; 9 : C p 7 B 6 8 ; D ; F 7 : A c < 6 f w a 7 ` 7 > @ ; D @c 7 7 D : 7 ? 9 C D ? = c > 7 I C : a ; : = C < ? 9 : C p 7 B 6 8 ; D E; F 7 8 7 D 6 A c < ? = D 7 ? ? @ 7 a 7 > C 9 8 7 D 6 A 6 7 B ` D = B ; >? ; > 7 ? ; D @ 8 ; : h 7 6 = D F I < D B 6 = C D ? J� R � � ] R N T V N R [ O \ R ] P V T [ S | j ` = > 7? 6 = > > 9 ; : 6 C I 6 ` 7 d n q E f n � C : F ; D = � ; 6 = C D A fi ; ? c : C < F ` 6 = D ; ? 9 ; : 6 C I 6 ` 7 C : = F = D ; > 6 7 ; 8; ? ? = F D 7 @ 6 C 6 ` 7 B C D 6 = D < 7 @ @ 7 a 7 > C 9 8 7 D 6; D @ B C 8 8 7 : B = ; > = � ; 6 = C D C I i ` ; 6 = ? D C i6 ` 7 9 ; 6 7 D 6 7 @ � d o � v : G C F 7 D = B d ; B ` = D = D Fb 7 B ` D C > C F G J � C : 6 ` 7 9 ; ? 6 7 = F ` 6 G 7 ; : ? A f w a 7i C : h 7 @ i = 6 ` 6 ` = ? 6 7 B ` D C > C F G A i ` = B ` I C B < ? 7 ?C D 6 ` 7 ; c = > = 6 G 6 C 7 I I = B = 7 D 6 > G @ 7 > = a 7 : > = H < = @ D = E6 : C F 7 D 6 ` : C < F ` ; 8 ; B ` = D 7 6 C C > A 6 ` : C < F ` 6 ` 78 ; B ` = D 7 w ? ? 9 = D @ > 7 � 6 < : : 7 6 � : ; 8 A ; D @ = D 6 7 : D ; > > G= D 6 C 6 ` 7 B < 6 6 = D F 6 C C > ; ? ; 8 7 ; D ? 6 C C 9 6 = 8 = � 79 7 : I C : 8 ; D B 7 A 9 ; : 6 H < ; > = 6 G ; D @ ? < ? 6 ; = D ; c = > = 6 G Jz \ Q P V N R O M V W Q \ P � U P O T P V [ P � T N LL T Q � L P O | � 9 7 B = I = B 6 C B : G C F 7 D = B ? A f i C < > @D ; 8 7 6 i C 9 7 C 9 > 7 J f w a 7 i C : h 7 @ i = 6 ` d = h 7� < @ F 7 A 6 ` 7 7 k 7 B < 6 = a 7 � � ; 6 � d o A I C : 8 G7 D 6 = : 7 B ; : 7 7 : J � 7 ` ; ? c 7 7 D = D ? 6 : < 8 7 D 6 ; > = D8 G @ 7 a 7 > C 9 8 7 D 6 ; ? ; c < ? = D 7 ? ? 9 : C I 7 ? ? = C D ; > A= D B > < @ = D F 8 G < D @ 7 : ? 6 ; D @ = D F C I ? 7 > > = D F ; D @9 : 7 ? 7 D 6 = D F D 7 i 6 7 B ` D C > C F = 7 ? J f w a 7 ; > ? Ci C : h 7 @ B > C ? 7 > G i = 6 ` q 7 C : F 7 q 7 C : F = C < A 6 ` 7B C 8 9 ; D G w ? > 7 ; @ B : G C F 7 D = B 7 D F = D 7 7 : J � 7 ` ; ?c 7 7 D = D ? 6 : < 8 7 D 6 ; > = D 8 G < D @ 7 : ? 6 ; D @ = D F C Ic C 6 ` F 7 D 7 : ; > B : G C F 7 D = B ? ; D @ B : G C F 7 D = B 8 ; EB ` = D = D F C I a ; : = C < ? 8 ; 6 7 : = ; > 6 G 9 7 ? JK L M N T S \ R l O U O P S P V N [ R Q U M V \ � U R S T ZN T R V ^ d ; D ; F 7 : C I d ; : h 7 6 = D F ; D @ v ` ; D D 7 >� ; > 7 ? A v : G C F 7 D = B ? ; 6 � d o A y y v� � M O W S � L R V R O S | d n q E f n � � < 6 < : 7y 7 ; @ 7 : � � s r r �z \ [ R V N O T t l N T R V S N R N L P [ O \ R Z] P V T [ m T P Y W | � = D B 7 � s r � A f w a 7 i C : h 7 @

C D c 7 ` ; > I C I � d o 6 C B ` ; D F 7 9 7 : B 7 9 6 = C D ?; D @ ` 7 > 9 < ? ` 7 : = D ; D 7 : ; C I ; B B 7 9 6 ; D B 7I C : B : G C F 7 D = B 8 ; B ` = D = D F A B C > > ; c C : ; 6 = D Fi = 6 ` F C a 7 : D 8 7 D 6 ; F 7 D B = 7 ? A D C D E 9 : C I = 6C : F ; D = � ; 6 = C D ? A < D = a 7 : ? = 6 = 7 ? ; D @ I C : E9 : C I = 6 B C 8 9 ; D = 7 ? J b ` 7 ? C 9 ` = ? 6 = B ; 6 = C D; D @ : C c < ? 6 D 7 ? ? C I � d o w ? @ 7 ? = F D ` ; ? ; > E> C i 7 @ I C : 6 ` 7 i = @ 7 ? 9 : 7 ; @ ; @ C 9 6 = C D ; D @; B B 7 9 6 ; D B 7 C I B : G C F 7 D = B ? ; ? D C 6 p < ? 6 ;: 7 9 > ; B 7 8 7 D 6 I C : B C D a 7 D 6 = C D ; > 9 : C B 7 ? ? 7 ?< 6 = > = � = D F 8 7 6 ; > i C : h = D F I > < = @ ? c < 6 : ; 6 ` 7 :; D C 9 6 = 8 = � 7 @ 8 7 6 ` C @ C > C F G JK L M N M O P N L P Q R S N T Q U R O N M V N W P ZX P Y R U Q P V N S T V [ O \ R ] P V T [ S ^ f D 6 ` 7 8 ; D < EI ; B 6 < : = D F = D @ < ? 6 : G A 6 ` 7 @ 7 a 7 > C 9 8 7 D 6 ; D @7 k 9 ; D ? = C D C I B : G C F 7 D = B 8 ; B ` = D = D F ? C > < E6 = C D ? I C : ; @ @ = 6 = C D ; > � 7 k C 6 = B � 8 ; 6 7 : = ; > ? = ? 6 ` 78 C ? 6 = 8 9 C : 6 ; D 6 D 7 k 6 ? 6 7 9 = D 7 k 9 ; D @ = D F 6 ` 76 7 B ` D C > C F G J n @ @ = 6 = C D ; > > G A B : G C F 7 D = B 8 ; EB ` = D = D F 6 7 B ` D C > C F G ; > > C i ? I C : 6 ` 7 ; c = > = 6 G 6 C7 I I = B = 7 D 6 > G ; D @ 7 I I 7 B 6 = a 7 > G 8 ; D < I ; B 6 < : 7 D 7 i8 ; 6 7 : = ; > ? D C 6 9 : 7 a = C < ? > G = D 6 : C @ < B 7 @ J } Gi C : h = D F 6 C < D @ 7 : ? 6 ; D @ 6 ` 7 > = 8 = 6 ; 6 = C D ? ; D @9 ; = D 9 C = D 6 ? C I 6 C @ ; G w ? 8 ; D < I ; B 6 < : 7 : ? A � d o= ? B C D ? 6 ; D 6 > G 7 k 9 ; D @ = D F 6 C 8 7 7 6 6 ` 7 D 7 7 @ ?C I 6 ` 7 = D @ < ? 6 : G JK L M N M W X M V [ P S W R \ R l L R U P N R S P PT V N L P m l N l O P ^ f i C < > @ > = h 7 6 C ? 7 7 B : G C EF 7 D = B 8 ; B ` = D = D F c 7 B C 8 7 B C 8 8 C D 9 > ; B 7 = D6 ` 7 8 ; D < I ; B 6 < : = D F = D @ < ? 6 : G J } G : 7 8 C a = D F8 7 6 ; > i C : h = D F I > < = @ ? ; D @ = D 6 : C @ < B = D F ;F : 7 7 D A 7 D 7 : F G E 7 I I = B = 7 D 6 8 ; B ` = D = D F 9 : C EB 7 ? ? A 8 ; D < I ; B 6 < : 7 : ? i = > > c 7 ; c > 7 6 C 8 C a 7I C : i ; : @ C D B : 7 ; 6 = D F 9 : C @ < B 6 ? D C 6 I 7 ; ? = c > 7i = 6 ` 6 C @ ; G w ? > = 8 = 6 ; 6 = C D ? i ` = > 7 ? = 8 < > 6 ; ED 7 C < ? > G : 7 @ < B = D F 6 ` 7 = : B ; : c C D I C C 6 9 : = D 6 Jb ` = ? i = D E i = D ? B 7 D ; : = C C I 7 k 9 ; D @ = D F9 : C @ < B 6 = C D B ; 9 ; c = > = 6 = 7 ? A : 7 @ < B = D F 9 ; : 6B C ? 6 ? A ; D @ = D B : 7 ; ? = D F ? < ? 6 ; = D ; c = > = 6 G = ? ;8 < ? 6 6 C ; @ a ; D B 7 8 ; D < I ; B 6 < : = D F I C : I < E6 < : 7 F 7 D 7 : ; 6 = C D ? J v : G C F 7 D = B 8 ; B ` = D = D Fi ; ? = D 6 : C @ < B 7 @ C a 7 : � s G 7 ; : ? ; F C c < 6 ` ; ?9 : C F : 7 ? ? 7 @ 7 k 9 C D 7 D 6 = ; > > G = D : 7 B 7 D 6 G 7 ; : ? A; D @ B < : : 7 D 6 F > C c ; > @ 7 8 ; D @ ? < F F 7 ? 6 ? 6 ` ; 6i C : > @ i = @ 7 ; @ C 9 6 = C D i = > > ` ; 9 9 7 D ? C C D 7 :: ; 6 ` 7 : 6 ` ; D > ; 6 7 : JK L P O P [ M V O P M W P O S m T V W R l N Q R O PM t R l N \ R l O U O R u P [ N S ^ e 7 ; @ 7 : ? B ; D I C > E> C i 8 7 C D y = D h 7 @ f D ; 6 � � � x Y T V { P W T V x[ R Q � T V � � T Y Y Z ] O l t P O Z � � � � t � � � � x � d o A y y v` ; ? ; : C c < ? 6 C D > = D 7 9 : 7 ? 7 D B 7 A = D B > < @ = D F= 6 ? i 7 c ? = 6 7 ; 6 � � � x � z � x [ R Q ; D @ ? C B = ; >9 : C I = > 7 ? C D y = D h 7 @ f D A � C < b < c 7 A � ; B 7 c C C h; D @ b i = 6 6 7 : J

Will Gruber, 32