first aid power point

8/3/2019 First Aid Power Point

1/56

Click to edit Master subtitle style

4/22/12

PREPARED BY: ZENAIDA FLOR DE MAY Y.

ZOSIMAAND ARTLENE MAER CORSAME

WARD CLASSON

FIRST-AID & WOUND

CARE


2/56

4/22/12

INTRODUCTION:


3/56

4/22/12

FIRST-AID

the immediate assistanceor treatment given to someoneinjured or suddenly taken ill before

the arrival of an ambulance, doctor orother appropriately qualified person.


4/56

4/22/12

Aims of first-aid

To preserve life and limbTo prevent the patients

condition from worseningTo promote recovery


5/56

4/22/12

Priorities

Assess the situationMake the area safe

Assess all the casualtiesand give emergency first aid

Get help


6/56

4/22/12

Resuscitation

is a procedure indented torevive a heart and lung arrest

within 3 to 4 minutes, from thetime the heartbeat andbreathing stops prevent death

or irreversible brain damage.


7/564/22/12

The ABC ofResuscitation A-irway

B-reathing

C-irculation


8/564/22/12

The ResuscitationSequence

Check the casualtys response

Open the airway and check breathing

Breathe for the casualty

Assess for circulation

Commence CPR


9/564/22/12

Common Problemsof

School-Age Children

andtheir Management


10/56

4/22/12

oun s an ounCareTypes:

According to degree of contamination

Clean-contaminated

Contaminated

Dirty or infected

Clean


11/56

4/22/12

acquired (extent of tissue layersinvolved)

Incision

Abrasion

Contusion

Puncture

LacerationPenetrating Wound


12/56

4/22/12

IncisionClean cut from a sharpedge such as a broken

glassOpen wound; deep or

shallow; painful


13/56

4/22/12

ContusionClosed wound caused by a

blow to body by blunt

object; contusion or bruisecharacterized by swelling,discoloration, and pain


14/56

4/22/12

AbrasionA superficial wound in

which the top layers of the

skin are scraped off,leaving raw tender area

Open wound involving theskin


15/56

4/22/12

PunctureA wound with small entry

site, but a deep track of

internal damagePenetration of the skin and

the underlying tissues by asharp instrument, eitherintentional or unintentional


16/56

4/22/12

Laceration

A crushing or rippingforces which results in

rough tears or lacerationsTissues torn apart, often

from accident

P t ti


17/56

4/22/12

Penetrating

woundPenetration of the skinand the underlying

tissues, usuallyunintentional


18/56

4/22/12

Kinds of WoundDrainage/Exudates

Serous

Mixed Types

serosanguineous

purosanguineous

Purulent

Sanguineous


19/56

4/22/12

Factors Affecting WoundHealing

Developmental ConsiderationsNutrition

Lifestyle

Medications


20/56

4/22/12

Wound Care

Guidelines in cleaning wounds

Use solutions such as isotonic saline or tapwater to clean or irrigate wounds. If antimicrobialsolutions are used, make sure they are well

diluted.When possible, warm the solution to body

temperature before use.If a wound is grossly contaminated by foreign

material, bacteria, slough, or necrotic tissue, cleanthe wound at every dressing change.


21/56

4/22/12

If a wound is clean, has little exudates, and

reveals healthy granulation tissue, avoidrepeated cleaning.

Use gauze squares. Avoid using cotton ballsand other products that shed fibers into thewound surface.


22/56

4/22/12

Clean superficial noninfected wounds byirrigating them with normal saline.

To retain wound moisture, avoid drying awound after cleaning it.

Hold cleaning sponges with forceps or with a

sterile gloved hand.

Clean from the wound in an outward directionto avoid transferring organisms from the

surrounding skin into the wound.


23/56

4/22/12

Consider not cleaning thewound at all if it appears to be

clean.


24/56

4/22/12

Burns and Scalds

Burns results to excessive exposure tothermal, chemical, electric, or radioactiveagents

scald is a burn from a hot liquid or

vapour, such as steam.


25/56

4/22/12

Types and AssessmentFindings

First-degree burn

Second-degree burn

Third-degree burn


26/56

4/22/12

First Aid MeasuresRemove the child from the cause of burning

without endangering yourself.

Hold the burn under cold water at least 10minutes.

If the burn is minor remove clothing from theaffected area.

If the burn is more serious, remove clothing

only if it is stuck to the burn and you can doso easily and without doing more harm. Dothis after cooling with water.


27/56

4/22/12

Loosen tight clothing and removed anyjewellery, because the burnt area may swell.

Cover the burn with clingfilm or a clean, non-fluffy cloth (handkerchief, pillow case orlinen/cotton tea towel). Or put a clean plasticbag over a foot, hand, arm or leg.

Do not apply any lotions, creams or fats.

Do not burst blisters or use adhesive

dressings. Take the child to the neatest Accident and

Emergency

Watch for signs of shock.

ps on reven on


28/56

4/22/12

ps on reven on

Never leave children alone around open

flames, stoves or candles. Keep matches, gasoline, lighters and other

flammable materials out of childrens reach.

Teach children a plan for escaping your homein a fire and practice it!

Install smoke alarms in your home on every

level and in every sleeping area, testing themonce a month and replacing the batteries atleast twice a year.

Before bathing children in heated water,always run your open hand through the water


29/56

4/22/12

Keep hot foods and liquids away from tableand counter edges. Never carry children and

hot foods or liquids at the same time.Make sure that pot handles are turned

towards the stove when cooking so that achild cannot accidentally grab the handle andspill the contents.

Keep things that easily catch fire (such aspapers) away from heat sources like stoves,

heaters and fireplaces.


30/56

4/22/12

Bruises and Sprains

Bruise

Sprain

First Aid Measures

Bruises

Raise the injured part

Apply firm pressure with your hand


31/56

4/22/12

Sprain (Follow the RICE procedure)

Rest

Ice pack or cold compress

Compress the injury

Elevate and support the injured limb

Dipped Take or send the casualty

to the hospital


32/56

4/22/12

NosebleedDefinition and Cause

- a hemorrhage from the nose caused bythe rupture of tiny, distended vessel in themucous membrane of any area of the nose.

Let the child sit down

First Aid measures

Pinch the nostrils.

Reassure and encourage her not to sniff,swallow, cough, or even speak.

Release the nostrils to see if the nosebleed hasstopped


33/56

4/22/12

If the nosebleed has stopped, ask her toremain leaning forward.

The child now needs to rest for a while

FaintingDefinition and Cause

- caused by a brief restriction in blood flow to thebrain, which usually corrects itself quickly. Childrenmay faint out of hunger, fear or pain, or if they have

to stand without moving for a long time.

rs easures


34/56

4/22/12

rs easures

Watch for signs of dizziness, sickness or

weakness, very pale face, briefly losingconsciousness, and slow pulse.

Lie the child down, raise his/her legs and

support them.Loosen any clothing that is tight-fitting and

provide fresh air.

Give calm reassurance.

Offer a sugary drink or small snack toraise the sugar level in her blood. Do not

offer food or drink if she is not fully


35/56

4/22/12

Hyperventilation

Definition and Cause- is rapid or deep breathing, usually

caused by anxiety or panic.Signs and Symptoms

Your heart pounds.

It feels like you can't get enough air

You feel tingling and numbness in the arms,legs, and around the mouth.

You feel a sense of doom.


36/56

4/22/12

First aid measures

Have the hyperventilating person breatheslowly into a paper bag that's held closelyaround his or her mouth and nose

The person should breathe like this for five toseven minutes.

Talk to the individual the entire time. Try todistract him or her and make the person feel

comfortable and safe.

If symptoms fail to improve or the personloses consciousness, take him or her to the

emergency room.


37/56

4/22/12

Animal Bites

Insect BitesFirst Aid Measure

First aid measure: Use antipruritic agents and

baths; Administer antihistamines and preventsecondary infection

Rinse the area under cool running water or

put a cold compress on it for a few minutes toreduce pain and swelling.

If the sting is inside the mouth give an ice-cold drink to sip or ice cubes to suck.


38/56

4/22/12

If the swelling gets worse or the child'sbreathing is affected, call an ambulance and

monitor the child's airway, breathing, andcirculation (the ABC of resuscitation) until theambulance arrives.


39/56

4/22/12

Dogs and Rodents

First Aid Measure Superficial Bites - Bites thatpuncture only the skin can be

safely treated at home.

Wash the wound thoroughly withwarm, soapy water. Wash awayany dirt by rinsing the wound under

running water for several minutes.


40/56

4/22/12

Deep Bites - Bites that penetrate deepinto the tissues beneath the skin needs medical

expert. Put a clean pad over the wound and press down

on it to control the bleeding.

Raise the injured part of the body above thelevel of the heart to reduce blood flow to thewound.

Cover the bite. Use either a clean pad or a

sterile dressing. Bandage it firmly. Take the child to the accident and emergency

department or to the doctor.


41/56

4/22/12

Seizures (Convulsions)

Definition and Cause- convulsion, or fit, consists of

involuntary contractions of many of the musclesin the body, cause by a disturbance in thefunction of the brain. Convulsions usually resultin loss of, or impaired, consciousness.


42/56

4/22/12

Types Seizures

Minor EpilepsyMajor Epilepsy

Signs and Symptoms Minor Epilepsy

sudden switching off; like the casualty may bestaring blankly ahead.

slight or localised twitching or jerking of thelips, eyelids, head or limbs.

M j E il


43/56

4/22/12

Major Epilepsy the casualty suddenly falls unconscious, often

letting out a cry. Breathing may cease. The lips may show

grey-blue tinge (cyanosis) and the face and

neck may become congested.Convulsive movement begin. The jaw may

be clenched and breathing may be noisy.Saliva may appear at the mouth, blood

stained if lips or tongue have been bitten.There may be loss of bladder or bowelcontrol.

Fi t Aid


44/56

4/22/12

First AidMeasures Minor EpilepsyHelp the casualty to sit down in a quiet place.

Remove any possible sources of harm, forexample hot drinks or sharp objects, from theimmediate vicinity.

Talk to her calmly and reassuringly. Do notpester her with questions. Stay with her untilyou are sure she is herself again. If thecasualty does not recognize and know about

her condition, advise her to consult her own

M j E il


45/56

4/22/12

Major Epilepsy If you see the casualty falling, try to support

him or ease his fall. Make space around himand ask bystanders to move away.

Loosen clothing around his neck and, if

possible, protect his head.When the convulsions cease, place him in

the recovery position. Check breathing andpulse, be prepared to resuscitate ifnecessary. Stay with him until he is fullyrecovered.


46/56

4/22/12

Poisoning- It can occur as a result of accidents, or be

caused by eating contaminated food orpoisonous plants. Drugs and alcohol canalso poison the body.

First Aid Measuresv Swallowed Poison

v Inhaled Poison

v Absorbed Poison


47/56

4/22/12

Tips on Prevention

Keep toxic chemicals out of childrens reachand sight (not under the sink).

Keep medicines in a locked cupboard.

Leave poisonous household substances intheir original containers. Never store them inold soft drinks bottles; children are commonlymisled by such container and try to drink the

contents. Buy medicines and household substances in

child-resistant containers.

Dispose appropriately of unwanted

Fractures


48/56

4/22/12

Fractures

Definitiona break in the rigid structure

and continuity of a bone; and isknown as the most commontype of bone lesion

Common Types

Closed

O en

First Aid Measures


49/56

4/22/12

First Aid Measures

Closed Fracture

Tell the casualty to keep stilland steady and support theinjured part with your hands

until it is immobilisedFor firmer support, secure the

injured part to a sound part of

Open Fracture


50/56

4/22/12

Open FractureCover the wound with a clean pad or sterile

dressing and apply pressure to control thebleeding.

Without touching an open wound with your

fingers, carefully place some clean paddingover and around the dressing. If bone isprotruding, build up pads of soft, non-fluffymaterial around the bone until you can

bandage over the pads. Secure the dressing and padding: bandage

firmly, but not so tightly that the circulation isimpeded.


51/56

4/22/12

Drowning

- is the process of experiencingrespiratory impairment fromsubmersion/immersion in liquid.

First aid measuresv Carry the child out of the water with the head

lower than the chest.

v Get another adult to call an ambulance.v Don't bother trying to get water out of the lungs .

the child will cough it out as she starts tobreathe.

If th hild i i


52/56

4/22/12

If the child is conscious:

Wrap her in dry clothes coats or towelsand get her into clothes.

Take her to the hospital. She might haveinhaled some water, which may damageher lungs.

If the child is unconscious:

Call an ambulance.

Assess her airway, breathing andcirculation.


53/56

4/22/12

Thank you

for

listening!!!!


54/56

4/22/12

Evaluation


55/56

4/22/12

Bibliography:

Bale, S. & Jones, V.(1197). Wound Care


56/56

first aid power point

Documents