find the two remaining documents from yesterday’s document ... · clergy –religious officials...
TRANSCRIPT
Primary Source Analysis
▪ Find the two remaining documents from yesterday’s document packet
▪ Let’s look at Francisco Pizarro’s Journal–Turn in to homework box when finished
▪ Tonight’s reading–Pgs 149-151 and pgs 159-161–Reading Quiz Thursday
–Unit exam has been moved to Tuesday, October 3
Pick up your foldable and pictures from the front
Great work on the foldables!
Bellwork
▪ Complete the sheets on Medieval Life and The Crusades
▪ Use pgs 298-302 and pgs 318-321 to complete
–You can use these on today’s quiz
–Review packet Pgs 149-151 and pgs 159-161
–Quiz begins at 8:20
▪ Tonight’s reading packet pgs 162-164
–Reading Quiz Friday
– Unit exam has been moved to Tuesday, October 3
Reading Quiz
▪ You may use your packet, yesterday’s worksheets, any reading notes, and pages 298-302, 318-321 on the quiz
▪ Record your answers for questions 1-27 on the scan sheet
▪ You may write on the quiz
▪ A = True, B = False
▪ Turn in scan sheet only (Block 1 Work Tray) when finished– We will turn in worksheets after everyone is finished
▪ Tonight’s reading packet pgs 162-164
–Reading Quiz Friday
Bellwork
▪ Have a seat – We will begin in a few minutes
▪ Today – Lecture on the Middle Ages
The Middle Ages (Medieval Period)
▪ 500-1450
▪ Period between the fall of Rome and the start of the modern era (Renaissance)
Geography of Western Europe
▪ Early Middle Ages (500-1000)
▪ Undeveloped – Small population
▪ Large forests
▪ Fertile Soil
▪ Outlets to the sea and navigable rivers
9
The Franks
▪ Heavy influence on European development
▪ Strong agricultural base
▪ Firm alliance with western Christian church
Charlemagne (800-814)
▪ Conquers much of the old Roman Empire
Charlemagne (800-814)
▪ Conquers much of the old Roman Empire
▪ Gains support of the Roman Catholic Church
Dissolution of the Carolingian Empire
New Kingdoms Emerge
▪ Muslims begin to gain control of N. Africa and Spain
Invasions
▪ Numerous invasions during the Middle Ages
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Population Growth of Europe, 200-1000 CE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
200 400 600 800 900 1000
Millions
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European Population Growth, 800-1300 CE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
800 CE 1000 1100 1200 1300 CE
Millions
Background on Serfdom
▪ Serfdom – Difference between peasants, serfs▪ Peasants were free, owned their
own land▪ Serfs not free, could not own land▪ Serfs, peasants lived similar lives
Economic Change and the Influence of the Church
The Rise of International Trade and the Power of the Church
Improvements in Agriculture (Beginning in the 900s)
▪ Heavier plow developed
– Impact?
Improvements in Agriculture
▪ Horses used for work instead of Oxen
Revival of Trade
▪ Post-Roman decline in trade (except Italy)
▪ Development of Commercial Capitalism
Trade Increases
The Medieval Church
Post-Classical Western EuropeInfluence of the Church
▪ Every aspect of life was dominated by the Church
▪ Rulers were crowned by the “Grace of God”
▪ Political rule viewed as divinely sanctioned (God’s Approval)
▪ All Christians were expected to tithe (a tax) to the church
▪ Education, art dictated by Church ideals
▪ Calendar organized by faith holidays
▪ Fair prices, economic practices dictated by church
The Power of the Church
►Church begins to gain political power during the Middle Ages
The Power of the Church
►Church begins to gain political power during the Middle Ages
►Papal Supremacy – belief that the Pope held authority over all rulers.
Structure of the Church
►Clergy – religious officials
Structure of the Church
►Clergy – religious officials
►Pope is at the top – priests are the lowest rank
Structure of the Church
►Clergy – religious officials
►Pope is at the top – priests are the lowest rank
►Priests were the main contact with the church and the people
Influence of the Church
►One of the few unifying factors in medieval Europe
►Served as a religious, social, and educational center
Power of the Church
►Gave people hope for something better
Power of the Church
►Gave people hope for something better
►Sacraments – religious ceremonies
Power of the Church
►Gave people hope for something better
►Sacraments – religious ceremonies
►Provides a common set of beliefs and rituals across Europe
Power of the Church
►Excommunication – banishment from the church
►The person could be refused sacraments (no salvation)
►Interdict – sacraments could not be performed on the king’s land.
The Crusades
The Crusades (1096-1204)
▪ 200 years of Holy War by European Christians against Muslims
The Crusades (1096-1204)
▪ 200 years of Holy War by European Christians against Muslims
▪ 1095 – Pope Urban II calls on Europeans to retake the Holy Land from the Muslims
The Crusading Spirit(Why Go?)
▪ Religious Zeal (automatic ticket to heaven)
The Crusading Spirit(Why Go?)
▪ Religious Zeal (automatic ticket to heaven)
▪ Youngest sons (did not inherit) saw opportunity
The Crusading Spirit(Why Go?)
▪ Religious Zeal (automatic ticket to heaven)
▪ Youngest sons (did not inherit) saw opportunity
▪ Merchants profited
The First & SecondCrusades
▪ Poorly organized
The First & SecondCrusades
▪ Poorly organized
▪ Attacks on non-Christian Europeans
▪ Soldiers and leaders had little knowledge of the land
The First & SecondCrusades
▪ Poorly organized
▪ Soldiers and leaders had little knowledge of the land
▪ Some parts were conquered by the Crusaders
The First & SecondCrusades
▪ Poorly organized
▪ Soldiers and leaders had little knowledge of the land
▪ Some parts were conquered by the Crusaders
▪ Muslim leader Saladinretakes the land less than 100 years later
4th Crusade (Early 1200s)The Looting of Constantinople
▪ Did not make it to the Holy Land
▪ Attacked Constantinople (a Christian city)
Effects of the Crusades
▪ Economic Expansion
– Increased trade, new trade routes, new products
Consequences
▪ Power of Monarchs and Pope grows
▪ A greater understanding of the world
▪ Religious tensions – negative view of non-Christians among Europeans
Crisis of the Middle Ages
Heresy, War, Disease
Religious Conflict
►Weakening Church
– Papal Dispute – More than one person claims to be Pope
►Heresy
– Beliefs opposed to official church teachings
►Inquisition
– Trials of suspected heretics
– Imprisonment, Torture, Death
Crisis of the Middle Ages: The Plague
The Plague
►30%-50% of Europe’s population dies of the Plague
The Plague
►30%-50% of Europe’s population dies of the Plague
►Carried by rats and infected fleas
The Plague
►30%-50% of Europe’s population dies of the Plague
►Carried by rats and infected fleas
►People begin moving to the country
The Plague
►30%-50% of Europe’s population dies of the Plague
►Carried by rats and infected fleas
►People begin moving to the country
The Plague
►30%-50% of Europe’s population dies of the Plague
►Carried by rats and infected fleas
►People begin moving to the country
The Plague
►30%-50% of Europe’s population dies of the Plague
►Carried by rats and infected fleas
►People begin moving to the country
►Increased anti-Semitism (Anti-Jewish)
Economic Impact
►Epidemic – An outbreak of disease
►Fewer workers = Higher wages
►Peasants move to cities, look for work
►Revolts across Europe
The Church
►Church power is weakened
►Persecution increases
Impact of the Plague
1. Decline in feudalism
2. Increase in manufacturing and technology
3. Towns and cities grow