European Colonization of the

AmericasEmphasis on the North

American British Colonies

Colonies in the AmericasSPANISH BRITISH FRENCH

GOALS

•Win converts to Christianity•Gain Land and Riches•God, Glory, and Gold

•Commercial Ventures•Haven for persecuted religious groups•Permanent colonies

•Fishing, fur trapping•Win converts to Christianity

GOVERNMENT

•King exercises strict control through Council of the Indies and viceroys

•Overseen by royal governors•Colonists enjoy large degree of self-government

•At first, France paid little attention•Later, king (monarch) exercised control over justice and economy

RELIGION

•Catholic Church influences colonial government•Missionaries seek converts to Christianity (Catholic)

•Haven for religious persecution•City on a Hill

•Missionaries sought converts to Christianity (Catholic)•Prohibited settling by Protestants

SLAVERY•Used Native Americans, then African slaves•Brutal

•African slaves, especially on southern plantations

•African slaves in the Caribbean colonies

INTERACTION WITH NATIVE AMERICANS

•Conquered and destroyed native civilizations

•Some early settlers helped by native Americans•Later settlers fought native Americans for land

•Native Americans helped fur traders claim territory•Settlers married native American women

European Imperial Claims and Settlements in Eastern North America, 1565–1625

4

French & Spanish Occupation of North America, to 1750

Eastern North America in 1650

New New NetherlanNetherlands & New ds & New SwedenSweden

The Caribbean Colonies, 1660

Ethnic Groups in Colonial Ethnic Groups in Colonial AmericaAmerica

New England ColoniesColony (Date

founded) Leader Reasons foundedMassachusetts•Plymouth (1620)•Massachusetts Bay (1630)

William BradfordMiles StandishJohn Winthrop

Religious Freedom

New Hampshire (1622) Ferdinando GorgesJohn Mason

Profit from trading and fishing

Connecticut•Hartford (1636)•New Haven (1639)

Thomas Hooker •Religious and political freedom•Expand trade

Rhode Island (1636) Roger Williams Religious freedom (dissent)

Colonizing New England

New England Spreads

Out

Settlement Patterns within New England Towns, 1630–1700

New England Colonies, 1650

The Dominion of New England, 1686-1689

Population Comparison

s:New

England vs. the

Chesapeake

Southern ColoniesColony (Date

founded) Leader Reasons founded

Virginia (1607) John Smith Trade and farming

Maryland (1632) Lord Baltimore •Profit from land sales•Religious (Catholic) and political freedom

The Carolinas (1663)•North (1712)•South (1712)

Group of 8 proprietors

•Trade and farming•Religious freedom

Georgia (1732) James Oglethorpe •Profit•Home for debtors•Buffer against Spanish Florida

page50.jpg

River Plantations in Virginia, c. 1640

Chesapeake Expansion, 1607–1700

page60.jpg

Power and Race in the Chesapeake: Enoch Pratt Free Library of Baltimore.

Settling the “Lower Settling the “Lower South”South”

18th Century Southern 18th Century Southern ColoniesColonies

Middle ColoniesColony (Date

founded) Leader Reasons founded

New York (1624) Peter Minuit Expand trade

Delaware (1638) Swedish settlers Expand trade

New Jersey (1664) John BerkeleyGeorge Carteret

•Profit from land sales•Religious and political freedom

Pennsylvania (1682)

William Penn •Profit from land sales •Religious and political freedom

European Colonization in the Middle and North Atlantic, c. 1650

Settling the Middle Settling the Middle [or “Restoration”] Colonies[or “Restoration”] Colonies

New York New York Manors & Manors &

Land Land GrantsGrantsDutch Dutch

(Holland, the (Holland, the Netherlands)Netherlands)

“Patroonships”“Patroonships”

Duke of Duke of York’s York’s

Original Original CharterCharter

Britain’s American Empire, 1713