European Conquest & Colonization in Americas

Chapter 20 Section 1

Portugal Spain

England French

Today’s Goal You will be able to…

Explain the methods of conquest and colonization of the Europeans in the New World.

Colonies = land controlled by outside country

Voyages of ColumbusGoal = sea route to India

San Salvador in Caribbean

los indios (Indians)

Colonies

Portuguese Conquest & ColonizationAmerigo Vespucci- Declared S. America was Mundus Novus or “New World”- Americas named after him

Waldseemuller’s Map – labeled S. America after Amerigo

Portuguese Conquest & Colonization

Brazil

No gold, silver, BUT…land was perfect for sugar plantations – High demand for

sugar in Europe

1518 – Vasco Núñez Balboa went through Panama & became first to see the Pacific Ocean1519 – Ferdinand Magellan his crew was first to sail around the world

Spanish ConquistadorsHernando Cortes Aztecs (Montezuma)

Francisco Pizarro Inca (Atahualpa)

Why was Cortes able to conquer the Aztecs?• Misconceptions• Superior weapons (gun)• Support from rival tribes (who despised Aztecs)• Disease!!!

Spanish ConquistadorsFrancisco Pizarro Incan Empire

Kidnapped Atahualpa – ransomed for gold– Killed anyway

Inca retreated

How did Spain rule the natives in the New World?

Similar to Reconquista– Forced assimilation

Encomienda system – serfdom or slavery?

How did success in exploration & conquest affect Spain?

Golden Age in arts & culture

Bigger navy, military, power

Spain’s Religious Purpose in North America

Santa Fe (“Holy Faith”), New Mexico Catholicism!

What was the resistance to Spanish rule in the Americas?

England in N. AmericaEscape religious persecution

Colonize – populate settlements

Natural resources for England

Conflict w/natives

French & Dutch in N. America

Fur trade– French not settlement– Dutch few, small

settlements (diverse)

Better relations w/natives