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Work Prepared by:

EL JERBI Med Aymen

REDISSI Med

BACHA Cherif


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Differences in British andAmerican English


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Outline

History of the British English

Bringing English to America

Explicative causes of divergences

Visible changes


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England and America are twocountries divided by a common

language.


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British English: history.

West-Germanic

A borrowing language enriched byAnglo-Saxon, Scandinavian, and Normaninfluences

Evolved over many centuries; experiencedmany shifts

Spread of British English is attributed totrade and commerce throughout theestablished British Empire


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BringingEnglish to America. Early the XVI

The first wave of English-speakingsettlers arrive in North America as part of

the British colonization movement. Theybring English, now an emigrantlanguage, to native North Americans; in

addition, the settlers and their familiescontinue to speak their own nativetongue.


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How did this divergence

occur?The process of an emigrant languages evolution: The emigrant language begins to change course because

of lack of direct contact with the homeland.(The Atlanticocean served as a major divide, allowing the two dialects

to develop)

The emigrant language continues to evolve away from

the homeland, gradually creating a new dialect.


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The homeland dialect continues to evolve as well,

diverging further away from the emigrant dialect of

the language

American English picked up words from NativeAmerican languages as well as from Dutch, Spanish,and French settlers

Noah Webster decided to solidify and standardizeAmerican English in his dictionary


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Noah Webster

Writer of the first Americandictionary in 1806

Believed that Americans languageshould reflect the way they spoke,and be distinct from British English

Came of age during the Americanrevolution, and therefore placedgreat emphasis on Americas culturalseparation from England

Simplified spellings of many words,such as ploughplowcentrecenter colourcolor

Added uniquely American words,such as squashand chowder


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Creation of American Lexicon.

From the beginning, Americans borrowed words from NativeAmerican languages for unfamiliar objects {i.e. opossum, squash,moccasin}

They took many loanwords from other colonizing nations {i.e.kill,and stoop from Dutch; levee , prairie, and gopher from French;

barbecue and canyon from Spanish}

British words were obviously borrowed, but often evolved to meannew things in an American landscape

With the development of the new continent, new words werenecessarily brought in to describe new things: split-level {in realestate}, carpetbagger {in politics}, commuter {in transportation},and a variety of vocabulary to distinguish among professions.

Many words originated as American slang: hijacking, boost, jazz,etc.


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Is there really a language barrier?

In his history of the Second World War, Winston Churchillrecords that differences in the interpretation of the verb"to table" caused an argument between British and

American planners. The British wanted a matter tabledimmediately because it was important, and theAmericans insisted it should not be tabled at all becauseit was important. In British English, the term means "to

discuss now" (the issue is brought to the table), whereasin American English it means "to defer" (the issue is lefton the table).


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Visible Changes?

There are quite a few noticeable differencesbetween the British English dialect and theevolved dialect of American English.

These are the ones we will cover:

Vocabulary

Spelling

Pronunciation

Grammar


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Word confusions with one meaning American Brit

Gas Petrol

Truck Lorry

Bathroom Loo

Line Queue

Stove Hob

Eggplant Aubergine

Zuchinni Courgette

Vocabulary.


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Translate this sentence!

British English:

I was waiting in queue for the loo before getting some petrol for my lorry whenI realized I left the hob on and the aubergineswere probably burning!

American English:

I was waiting in line for the bathroom before getting some gas for my truckwhen I realized I left the stove on and the eggplantwas probably burning!


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Spelling.AMERICAN -or BRITISH -our

Color Colour

AMERICAN -ll BRITISH -l

Fulfill Fulfil

AMERICAN -ze BRITISH -se

Analyze Analyse


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Pronunciation{accent}

The British accent was created by a mixtureof the Midland and Southern dialects of theMiddle Ages.

There are many sub-dialects and varyingaccents under British English.

American English was not so stronglyinfluenced by the accent as Australia or New

Zealand, for example the Americas brokeaway from British control much earlier andwere distanced from direct speakers of thelanguage as a result.


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Obvious differences between

american and british accent Both accents differ from each other in terms of

the pronunciation of the letter Basically

In British we make the R silent in contrast inthe American the R never silent

For instance The Words :

...Car

..Teacher

..Learn

...Four


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Pronunciation {accent}

There are also many individual

pronunciation differences that depend onthe particular vocabulary word and thespeaker who is pronouncing it.


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Grammar.

NOUNS

In British English, collective nouns can take eithersingular or plural verb forms, depending on

whether the emphasis is on the body or themembers within it.

i.e.A committee was appointed.

The committee were unable

to agree.


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VERBSMorphology

American -- "-ed"British -- "-t"i.e. learned/learnt, dreamed/dreamt

British English rarely use gotten; instead, gotis much more common.

Past participles often vary:

i.e. sawAmerican: sawed; British: sawn

Tenses British English employs the present perfect to talk about arecent event {i.e. Ive already eaten, Ive just arrived home.}

Auxiliaries

British English often uses shall and shantAmerican English uses will and wont


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The languages divergeand converge

The differences in the languages reachedits peak right after the industrial revolution

With the spread of modern technology,more terms are becoming common


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Thank you for your attention

Any questions

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