PRESS IN SUB- CONTINENT DURING AND AFTER 1857

PART II

Different Phases of Muslim Press

Mohazzib – 1890 Rafiq-e-Hind – 1884 The Muaavin – 1st Sindhi paper Paisa Akhbar – 1887, Munshi Mehboob Wakil – 1895 , Sheikh Ghulaam Muhammad Zamindaar – 1903, Maulvi Sirajuddin 1909 – Maulana Zafar Ali Khan continued Comrade – 1911, First newspaper in English,

Maulana Mohd. Ali Hamdard – 1911, Maulana Mohd. Ali

Key Muslim Journalists:Hasrat Mohaani,

Urdu e Moala – Poet & Journalist Aggressive & radical in his tone Boycotted British goods; promoted indigenous industries Bitter towards political & religious rival magazines 1908 – put behind bars 1913 – newspaper shut down Contributed to literary and political parties Assessed the attitude and policies of British Participated in Cairo-Palestine Conference Explained British policies – covered minutest details –

exposed their insincerity & deception

Muhammad Ali Johar: Hamdard & Comrade Comrade: 1911-1915, mainly due to censorship & financial condition

+ high licensing cost Hamdard: 1911-1914, & 1922-1929 Mohd Ali displayed his proficiency in both English & Urdu journalism He adopted the policy to give vent to his political views & ideals He believed in forming public opinion rather than just reflecting

Public opinion in his writing Promoted political consciousness He actively advocated the thinking of Muslims through his articles &

editorials He believed in the power of logic & argument Categorically asserted that Muslim & Hindus are two separate nations Advocated Khilafat as political system & Jamal ud din Afghani’s

ideology of Muslim brotherhood

Maulana Zafar Ali Khan: Zamindar Zamindar as a weekly started in 1906 in Karamabad (Wazirabad)

later published under the editorship of Maulvi Siraj ud din 1909 – Maulana Zafar took over 1911 – shifted to Lahore Aims & objectives were aimed to enlighten the farming

community & to awaken the landed class & to voice their greviences

Maulana Zafar contributed his articles in Deccan Review Articles in the Deccan Review were also contributed by Maulana

Shibli Naumani & Akbar Allahbadi Established a connection between newspapers & general public,

developing a taste for reading amongst them Use of rhetoric in efficient manner

Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Political tenor & islamic interpretations Zamindar included views & ideas of foreign press Powerful symbol & voice of the masses His writing intensified the evacuation campaign Zamindar achieved services of International news

Agencies, Associated Press of India & Reuters Also included the translations from English Dailies Editorial - political poetry Britishers accused the newspaper of exciting racial

& sectarian hatred

Maulana Abdul Kalam Azaad: Al Hilaal Al Hilaal – included articles on various subjects Advocated freedom of speech in his writing Ideology – he did not advocate the idea of a

separate homeland He persistently told Muslims to enter Congress

and that Muslim & Hindus should made a joint effort to throw the British out of India

He couldn't compete with his contemporary newspapers & did not become popular amongst the masses

Freedom Movement – Muslim Press

1924 – 1937 Al – Hilal Al – Aman Wahdat Siyasat Paigham Sabah Inquilab Muslim Outlook

1938 – 1947 Ehsan Jang Shahbaz Azad Millat Dawn Manshoor Nawa e Waqt New Times Morning news Star of india

Difference of opinion between the newspapers of phase III Difference was over the demand of a separate

homeland Some of them favored Congress ideology & some

conformed to the ideas of Muslim League & Quaid e Azam

Newspapers from 1938 – 1947 Pro-Muslim League newspapers Reflected Muslim political aspirations Newspapers were a part of “Create Muslim Press

Campaign”

Problems of Muslim Press: 1940 – 1947

Internal & external conflicts Financial problems Limited circulation; no regular subscription Advertisement support Shortage of News-print Lack of trained staff Absence of infra-structure Confiscation of securities

Newspapers Published immediately after Independence

Imroz – 1948, Progressive Papers Ltd Pakistan times – 1947 Kohistan – 1953, editor Naseem Hijazi Nawa e Waqt Afaq – 1957, Saigol Brothers Ltd The Mashriq - 1963

Printing Presses / Publishing houses

National Press trust – govt owned Progressive Papers Ltd – The Pakistan Times,

Imroz & Sports Times