detailing references: jefferis, a. & madsen, d. a. (2005). architectural drafting and design (5...

Detailing

References:

Jefferis, A. & Madsen, D. A. (2005). Architectural drafting and design (5th ed.). Clifton Park, NY:Thomson.

Allen, E. & Iano, J. (1990). Fundmentals of building construction (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley & Sons.

Wakita, O. A. & Linde, R. M. (2003). The Professional Practice of Architectural Working Drawings (3rd ed.). New York: Wiley and Sons.

Architectural Cabinetry

Cabinetry types

Showcase

Furniture

Architectural mill

General cabinetry including kitchen cabinets

Economy

Inexpensive


Parts Of Cabinets

Structure (carcasses)

Face frame

Base

Top

Drawers

Doors


Joinery: Used In All Parts Of Cabinet Construction

Types

Butt Joint

The edge or end of one board butted up against another

In simple form very weak

Screws, dowel, and splines can be used to reinforce


Joinery

Types

Panel joints

Join two or more narrow boards together into a larger panel.

Used to make table tops, panels for frame and panel construction

Edge joints

Join the edge of one board to the face of another.

Used in applying a face frame or trim to a cabinet carcass.


JoineryTypes

Frame JointsJoin the end of a board to edge of another. Used to join rails and stiles in frame and panel construction

Case jointsJoin end of one board to the face of anotherUsed to make boxes cabinets and shelves.


JoineryTypes

Through joints: the parts of a joint can be seen as they pass through the other part of the joint

Blind joints: the reinforcing elements cannot be seen


JoineryTypesReinforced Joints - element

that adds strength to joint

Dowel Butt jointsUsed for all four types of butt jointsCan be pegged (dowels visible) or blind


JoineryTypesReinforced joint

Spline Butt joints

Spline joints use thin piece of wood called a spline

The spline fits into a groove cut into the both mating surfaces of the joint

Used for all types of butt joints.Most applications (except frame joints) as strong as dowel joints


JoineryTypesRabbet Butt joints

Rabbet joint is a corner joint that has one shoulder

Still needs reinforcement-nails or screws

Usually used in L-shaped case joints on in edge joints


JoineryTypesRabbet Butt joints, Con’t

Used to join the top of the cabinet to its sides; the back of the cabinet to the sides. When the back is placed in a rabbet the edge is completely hidden

Shiplap is a variation used in panel joints

Double rabbet is another variation


JoineryTermsDado joints

Dado is a T shaped case joint. Commonly used with rabbet joints in cabinet construction

Dadoes are use do attach the shelves to the sides of the cabinet

Because it has two shoulders the board is firmly held in place in three locations

Variations are stopped Dados and dovetail Dados


JoineryTermsTongue and Groove joints

Made up of two parts the tongue and the groove

Generally a panel joint. Maybe reinforced

Can be used as a case joint to make either an l-shaped joint or a t-shaped joint


JoineryTermsLap joints

Lap joints are primarily frame joints

Generally the lap is cut half way through one board, resulting in a flush condition.

Not inherently strong and need reinforcement.


JoineryTermsMitre joints

Used where appearance is important

Hides the end grain of both boards

Can be a frame case or edge jointMitre are weak joints and must be reinforced


JoineryTermsMitre joints


JoineryTermsMortise and Tenon joints

One of the strongest frame joints

the tenon is a projection on the end of one board that fits into a mortise on the joining board

Mortise and tenon can be a blind joint or a through joint

Use whenever a great deal of strength is needed


Cabinet StructureTypes

Frame and panel

Skeleton frame

Case construction


Cabinet StructureTypesFrame and panel

Traditional method of furniture constructionBest construction method when using solid wood

Accommodates the dimensional changes that occur with solid wood.



Frame constructionRails, stiles and mullions. Generally hardwoods - because exposed

1/2" thick and generally are 1 1/2" to 2" wide can be up to 4" wide

Joined by using dowel, mortise and tenon or half-lap joints It then makes a plane that can be assembled with other frames to make the cabinet.



Panel ConstructionSolid wood pieces joined using edge joints such as tongue and groove, butterfly, dowel, or spline joints

Grain matching is important.Panels are attached to the frame in a dado joint


Cabinet StructureTypesSkeleton Frame

Similar to frame and panel structure. Used for free standing furniture pieces

Frame is covered with a thin skin of plywood or particle board or hard board instead of infilled with a panel

This is similar to how houses are framed. The skin adds rigidity to the frame

Quality of the frame and its joinery is covered with the skin.


Cabinet StructureTypesCase Construction

Suited to the use of plywood which is dimensionally stable The common joints used in this situation are dadoes and rabbet joints sometimes mitre joints are used as well

Generally reinforced with splines, screws or dowels


Cabinet StructureFace Frame

The face frame is a frame that is applied to the front edges of the carcass

Generally important element of case frame structure as it hides the exposed edges of the carcass

It also provides a solid attaching point for hinges.


Cabinet StructureBase

Made of 2x4 lumber. (larger cabs )Raises the cabinet off floor

Provide space for the toe kick.

Stretchers are beveled to provide stability on an uneven floor


Cabinet DoorsFace Style

LippedMost inexpensive because of ease of installation

Flush overlayCover the face frame and have clean modern type lines

FlushFlush are the most expensive type doors -most difficult to craft must fit the frame perfectly.


Cabinet DoorsTypes

Flush - face is flat and continuous

Raised panel - frame and panel type construction used. The panel may have center area raised

Frame and Panel construction can also be used for glass doors as well

Doors are subject to a great deal of warping. Be careful to specify stable material. 3/4 inch thick plywood minimum. Lumber core plywood best.


Cabinet DoorsDrawers

ConstructionDrawer is basically a box

Constructed to have a very strong bottom and back and a front that can be pulled

Installation Center glidesSide glidesCorner glides

Tilt strip- not used with hardware guides, or side guides that use a dado cut into the drawer


Kitchen CabinetsType

Wall (upper) cabinetsBase cabinets

SizesCodes specify minimum and maximum height, depth and clearance between wall and bottom cabinetsWall cabinetsTypically 12" deep - 12-48" tall

Base cabinets30-36" high

Width can vary (generally 3" increments

24" deep


Kitchen CabinetsConstruction ClassificationAWI grades

EconomyCustom Premium

All three grades use case frame construction

Differences derived from quality of:

- Materials used for exposed, semi exposed and concealed surfaces

- Joinery - Thoroughness of construction


Kitchen CabinetsConstruction ClassificationAWI

Exposed Surfaces: Surfaces That Are Visible When:Drawers and opaque doors are closedBehind clear glass doorsBottoms of cabinets 42” or more above finish floor

Semi Exposed Surfaces: Surfaces That Become Visible When:Opaque doors are open or drawers are extendedBottoms of cabinets are more than 30” and ales than 42” above finished floor

Concealed Surfaces: Surfaces Considered Concealed When:Surfaces are not visible after installationBottoms of cabinets are not visible 30” above finish floorTops of cabinets over 78” above finish floor and not visible form an upper level.Stretchers, blocking, and components concealed by drawers.


Kitchen CabinetsConstruction ClassificationMaterials For Case Frames

Plywood:Hardwood (broad leaf trees) Softwood (conifers)

Three types: - 5 to 7 veneer ply plywood- Lumber core plywood- Particle board core with hardwood veneer plywood

Surface quality is graded by how many imperfections per area

Grade 1 is best Grade 3 is worst

detailing references: jefferis, a. & madsen, d. a. (2005). architectural drafting and design (5...

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