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Jornadas TécnicasLos frutales tropicales, una opción para la diversificación.

La Aldea de San Nicolás. Gran Canaria23/24 marzo de 2021

CULTIVO DE LA PITAYAClemente Méndez Hernández

Servicio Técnico de Agricultura y Desarrollo RuralCabildo Insular de Tenerife

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2004

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2005 2006

2008 2010

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H. undatus

H. triangularis H. hybridum

JC 01 JC 02 JC 03

JC 05 H. purpusii

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JC 01 REINA JC 02 VOLCÁNH. purpusii

PÚRPURAH. undatusARENA

H. hybridumDRAGÓN

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Problemática de la polinización

En general, no autogamia ni alogamia entre una misma variedad.

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Problemática de la polinización

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JC 01 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total del ensayo

Dador de polen Pol Rec Pol Rec Pol Rec Pol Rec Pol Rec Pol Rec %

Autopoli D. 10 0 10 0 0,0

Autopoli I. 10 0 10 0 0,0

JC01 4 2 15 11 18 3 37 16 43,2

JC02 3 0 11 5 14 5 35,7

JC03 4 2 10 7 4 4 18 13 72,2

JC05 20 14 20 14 70,0

H. undatus 15 13 15 13 86,7

H. purpusii 5 4 10 6 15 10 66,7

H. hybridum 10 8 10 8 80,0

H. triangularis 15 13 10 9 25 22 88,0

174 101 58,05Dador de polen % polinización posibles % frutos obtenidos % flores polinizadas con éxito

Autopoli D. 100,0 0,0 0,0

Autopoli I. 100,0 0,0 0,0

JC01 100,0 43,2 43,2

JC02 98,7 35,7 35,3

JC03 33,1 72,2 23,9

JC05 75,2 70,0 52,6

H. undatus 13,8 86,7 12,0

H. purpusii 79,4 66,7 52,9

H. hybridum 29,9 80,0 23,9

H. triangularis 57,9 88,0 51,0

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JC 01

n

Peso fruto (g) Peso cáscara (g)

Polen procede Ū ± ds Ū ± ds

JC01 15 499,5 186,7 b 166,8 62,9 abc

JC02 4 638,8 171,5 ab 183,8 43,3 abc

JC03 13 542,2 211,8 b 153,1 39,3 abc

JC05 7 571,4 124,9 b 207,8 33,5 a

H. undatus 12 329,5 128,8 c 122,0 37,0 bcd

H. purpusii 10 467,4 257,2 b 143,0 65,2 bcd

H. hybridum 8 753,9 147,2 a 110,5 s.d. cde

H. triangularis 20 305,8 203,0 c 103,4 57,5 de

Libre 92 176,8 87,7 d 81,2 35,8 e

14,9/

/2

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antasnúmerodeplplantam

floresmflores

95,3100

24,4314,9

100

/%// 22

florfrutosmfloresmfrutos

𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 = 𝑓𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠/𝑚2 × 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜/𝑓𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑜 ×𝑘𝑔

1000𝑔×10000𝑚2

ℎ𝑎= 19.735 𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑎

4,25 x 2 m

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Dador de polen % flores polinizadas con éxito Peso medio (g) Producción (kg/ha) Total Kg/ha

Autopoli D. 0,00 0,00 0 0

Autopoli I. 0,00 0,00 0 0

JC01 43,24 499,5 19.735 46.965

JC02 35,25 638,8 20.573 37.518

JC03 23,90 542,2 11.843 50.520

JC05 52,64 571,4 27.483 57.224

H. undatus 11,96 329,5 3.601 16.908

H. purpusii 52,94 467,4 22.608 54.820

H. hybridum 23,92 753,9 16.477 77.917

H. triangularis 50,95 305,8 14.237 19.003

Libre 8,30 176,8 1.341

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

Año 1 Año 2 Año 3 Año 4

kg/ha

JC01 JC02

JC03 JC05

H. undatus H.purpusii

H. hybridum H. triangularis

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POLINIZACIÓN MANUAL

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RIEGO Y ABONADO

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Eliminar riego cuando se

vayan a recolectar frutos de

H. hybridum e H. purpusii.

Construcción de doslisímetros de drenaje y locomparábamos con untanque clase A colocadoen el interior delinvernadero.

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FISIOPATÍAS

Cavidad calicina

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Riegos por semana Litros semana Litros mes

Enero 1 5 22

Febrero 1 5 20

Marzo 2 10 89

Abril 2 11,5 99

Mayo 2 13 115

Junio 2 16 137

Julio 2 16 142

Agosto 2 16 142

Septiembre 2 13 111

Octubre 2 11,5 102

Noviembre 1 10 43

Diciembre 1 5 22

Año 1.044

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Abonado.

Mantuvimos lo indicado en Israel, pero modificándolo y adaptándolo a nuestras condiciones.

Subíamos la CE inicial del agua en 150-200 dS/cm según fuese invierno o verano manteniendo un equilibrio de:

N P2O5 K2O CaO

1 0,22 1,5 0,4

Abonar muy poco, aplicando potasa cuando comience la floración y tras la cosecha disminuirla mucho.

Si se quieren frutos dulces es imprescindible elevar la potasa a los niveles indicados en Israel.

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PLAGAS Y ENFERMEDADES

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Fotos remitidas por AnaGarrido, el jueves 9 de marzode 2017.

En Tenerife sufrimos lamisma enfermedad conpitaya amarilla. No atacabacladodio con tanta virulencia.

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Miriápodos, ¿Dolichoiulus canariensis?

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Ratas y ratones

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Pulgones

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Pudrición acuosa del cladodio, Enterobateria

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Pudrición acuosa del cladodio, Atracnosis.

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Fusicoccum spp. anamorfo de Botryosphaeriadothidea, ojo de pescado

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Phytium spp., pudrición de tallo

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Bipolaris cativora, pudrición blanda

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Virosis, Cactus Virus 2, X ???

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SISTEMAS DE ENTUTORADO

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SISTEMAS DE ENTUTORADO

10 DE ENERO DE 2010

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Recolección

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ENSAYO 2019

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ENSAYO 2020

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Pitahaya Production, Research

and Industry Update for California

Vegetable Crops Program Team Meeting

Davis, CA

December 5, 2016

Ramiro Lobo, Gary Tanizaki, Jose Fernandez de Soto, Jose Aguiar UC CooperativeExtension, San Diego, Ventura & Riverside Cos.

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Variedades rojas Nº Frutos Peso medio Frutos >370 g ºBrix Ini-fin

Lisa 16 280,2 4 14,7 13-Ago/13-Nov

Morrocan Red 46 462,6 35 14,2 9-Ago/9-Nov

Red Jania 36 383,6 22 13,7 6-Ago/13-Nov

Royal Red 44 414,3 24 14,4 6-Ago/9-Nov

Variedades blancas Nº Frutos Peso medio Frutos >370 g ºBrix Ini-fin

Golden Yellow 25 151,2 0 13,0 21-Sep/27-Nov

Korean White 29 413,5 16 13,5 13-Ago/13-Nov

Seoul Kitchen 0

Thai White 14 313,3 4 15,5 9-Oct/17-Dic

Vietnam King White 18 415,5 9 13,0 6-Ago/13-Nov

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Variedades fuccias Nº Frutos Peso medio Frutos >370 g ºBrix Ini-fin

Dark Star 5 145,6 0 132, 20-Ago/14-Dic

Halley´s Comet 3 232,1 0 - 20-Nov-27-Nov

Physical Garffiti 6 234,8 0 15,3 21-Sep/17-Dic

Purpel Haze 8 255,2 1 14,3 27-Ago/17-Nov

Variedades Rosas Nº Frutos Peso medio Frutos >370 g ºBrix Ini-fin

Caribean Pink 18 304,6 6 15,7 13-Ago/27-Dic

Delight 9 215,4 1 14,1 13-Ago/27-Nov

Natural Mystic 47 393,2 24 12,7 6-Ago/9-Nov

María Rosa 7 406,8 3 16,8 13-Ago/17-Dic

TLM Pink 32 234,5 5 15,8 13-Ago/27-Nov

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Lisa (H. polyrhizus).

•Red-fleshed fruit with better than average flavor, large size; most productive of all red-

fleshed Nicaraguan cultivars.

•Origin: Nicaragua.

•Fruit: oval; medium large, 465 g; skin red; rind thick, with a smooth, velvety feel, hence

the name Lisa ‘‘Smooth’’; flesh dark red, very firm; quality better than average, 17.02 Brix;

44 days from bloom to harvest in Southern California; harvest late June to late December

or January.

•Plant: stems intermediate in thickness and length; mature stems grayish green; areoles

have 3-5 spines, 3-7 mm long, usually arranged in a circular pattern; segment between

areoles slightly convex, 23mm long; flowers largest of all, petals white, calyx yellow, with

shades of red on the edges, anthers and stigma lobes bright yellow;

•Tolerance to cold and heat better than average; commercial potential excellent.

*Captions from: Register of New Fruit and Nut Cultivars List 48. HortScience Vol.51(6) June 2016.

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Delight (Hylocereus sp.).

Pinkish-white- or light-pink-fleshed fruit with excellent flavor, well suited for backyard

cultivation.

Origin: bred and selected by Paul Thomson in San Diego County, early 1980s. Fruit: oval;

medium, 371 g, ideal for marketing; quality excellent; flesh light pink or pinkish-white, seeds

small; rind greenish red, of intermediate thickness; bracts short, scattered; 18.08 Brix; 41 days

from bloom to harvest in Southern California; harvest late June tomid-December.

Plant: very vigorous, stems triangular, with 3 well defined ridges; stems intermediate in

thickness and length, very straight, green when mature; areoles have 1-3 thin spines, 1-3 mm

long; segment between areoles convex, 43.3 mm long; flowers intermediate, petals white,

calyx yellowish, anthers and stigma lobesyellow;

Tolerance to cold and heat slightly better than average; does relatively well in full sun;

commercial potentialgood.

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Halley’s Comet (Hylocereus sp.).

• Pink-fleshed fruit with excellent flavor; closely related to Physical Graffiti, but not as vigorous

or productive.

• Origin: Paul Thomson, San Diego County, CA, early1980s.

• Fruit: round; large, 482 g; flesh hot pink, seeds small; rind bright red, relatively thin, with an

intermediate number of bracts; quality very good, 16.7 Brix; rated high in sensory evaluations; 38

days from bloom to harvest in Southern California; harvest July through December.

• Plant: stems intermediate in thickness, with 3 well defined ridges; stems relatively straight when

mature, dark green; areoles have 1-3 spines, 2-4 mm long; segment between areoles convex, 53.6

mm long; flowers intermediate, petals white, calyx yellowish green, anthers and stigma lobes yellow;

• Tolerance to cold and heat good; grows well in full sun; commercial potentialgood.

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Physical Graffiti (Hylocereus sp.).

• Vigorous, very productive, pink-fleshed fruit with excellent flavor, most preferred and widely

planted in Southern California.

• Origin: Paul Thomson, San Diego County, CA, early1980s.

• Fruit: oblong; medium, 374 g; flesh hot pink, seeds small; rind bright red, relatively thin, with few

bracts; quality excellent, 17.93 Brix, rated highest in sensory evaluation; 40 days from bloom to

harvest in Southern California; harvest July to December.

• Plant: very vigorous; stems thick, short, curvy, dark green, with 3 well-defined ridges; canopy

management critical to keep this plant productive and to prevent overcrowding; areoles with 1- 3

conic spines 1-3 mm long; segment between areoles convex, 46.5 mm long; flowers long and

narrow, tubular, petals white, calyx light green, anthers light yellow, stigma lobes lime green;

• Tolerance to cold and heat good; grows very well in full sun; commercial potential excellent.

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Seoul Kitchen (H. undatus).

• White-fleshed, pinkish-red-skinned fruit with large fruit of marginal quality;

vigorous, strong and prolific bloomer with longer fruiting season than other white

fleshed cultivars.

• Origin: Florida, similar to George.

• Fruit: round; large, 518 g; flesh firm, white; skin thick, pinkish red, with

numerous short, compact bracts; quality marginal; 12.18 Brix; 41 days from

bloom to harvest in Southern California; harvest mid-July to December.

• Plant: stems thick and short; mature stems grayish green, with a striped pattern

that resembles zebra stripes; stems have clusters of spines arranged in a

circular pattern, 4-6 spines per cluster, 3-7 mm long; flowers long and narrow,

tubular, petals white, calyx light green, anthers light yellow, stigma lobes lime

green;

• Tolerance to cold and heat higher than average; usually grows well in full sun;

limited potential for commercial production, but valuable as a pollinizer.

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Risky Business…MUST BE CAUTIOUSLY OPTIMISTIC!!

Negocio arriesgado…¡DEBE SER CUIDADOSAMENTE OPTIMISTA!