conservation tillage techniques for tropical · pdf fileconservation tillage techniques for...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Conservation tillage techniques for Tropical Agriculture
E d Ch t i M t i J é El i D diEvandro Chartuni Mantovani José Eloir DenardinManagement and Strategy Unit Embrapa WheatEmbrapa Headquarter
2/10/2010
The Club of Bologna2009 Meeting
Hannover, Germany November 8th, 2009
Background
Presentation topics
Agriculture challenges: technology
SummaryNo Tillage System: 3 PhasesAgriculture Challenges: 3 CyclesConclusions
2
World - Evolution of Cultivated area of No Tillage
Period1974 - 1979
Period1979 - 1991
Period1991 - 2006
Brazil - Evolution of Cultivated Area of No Tillage1974 to 2006
PHASE I PHASE II PHASE III
Source: Adapted from FEBRAPDP (2007) by Denardin Year
3
Technology challenge: soil management system
Period1974 - 1979 Period
1979 - 1991Period
1991 - 2006
Main Challenges: Tropical Agriculture
•Soil fertility correction
• Crop cultivar adapted to different conditions
PHASE I PHASE II PHASE III• Biological Nitrogen fixation
• Inefficient pre seedling & high cost of herbicides
• Post emergence weed control with low selectivity
• Inefficient technology of herbicide application: 2X
• Operational limitation of equipment
• Crop production system
Source: Adapted from FEBRAPDP (2007) by Denardin Year
Technology challenge: soil management system
Period1974 - 1979
Period1979 - 1991
Period1991 - 2006
The most important facts are :
• Knowledge exchange
• ABC Foundation was createdPHASE I PHASE II PHASE III
• ABC Foundation was createdin 1984: to promote research inNo Tillage associated withextension service and farmers.
• Agronomic and Seeders Tests were carried out by Embrapa Wheat Research Center.
• Process and equipment
Source: Adapted from FEBRAPDP (2007) by Denardin Year
q pimprovements.
4
Technology challenge: soil management system
Period1974 - 1979
Period1979 - 1991
Period1991 - 2006
High efficiency of herbicide: selectivity
Substantial price reduction: US$
Main reasons for adoption: Structural brake slope
PHASE I PHASE II PHASE IIISubstantial price reduction: US$
48 US$ 15 US$ 4High technology of herbicide
application: 4L 0,6L Machinery equipment for all
productions scalesLivestock in the production
system: Santa Fé SystemProduction System for Tropical
Agriculture: 2-3crops/yr
Source: Adapted from FEBRAPDP (2007) by Denardin Year
g cu tu e 3c ops/y
TROPICAL REGIONTROPICAL REGIONTROPICAL REGIONTROPICAL REGION
Equator Equator Equator Equator
BrazilBrazil TROPICAL REGIONTROPICAL REGIONTROPICAL REGIONTROPICAL REGION
Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of Capricorn
BrazilBrazil
SUB TROPICAL REGIONSUB TROPICAL REGIONSUB TROPICAL REGIONSUB TROPICAL REGION
Source: Denardin et all 2007
Brazilian territory: 8,511,965 km2representing 20.8% of the American Continent as well as 47.0% of Latin America.
5
ANNUAL RAINFALL DISTRIBUTIONANNUAL RAINFALL DISTRIBUTIONANNUAL RAINFALL DISTRIBUTIONANNUAL RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION
200200
240240EROSIVITYEROSIVITY
5,200 to 12,600 MJ mm ha5,200 to 12,600 MJ mm ha--11 hh--11
CONCENTRATED IN SUMMERCONCENTRATED IN SUMMER
EROSIVITYEROSIVITY5,200 to 12,600 MJ mm ha5,200 to 12,600 MJ mm ha--11 hh--11
CONCENTRATED IN SUMMERCONCENTRATED IN SUMMER
8080
120120
160160
Rai
nfal
l ( m
m )
Rai
nfal
l ( m
m )
00
4040
JJJJ FFFF MMMM AAAA MMMM JJJJ JJJJ AAAA SSSS OOOO NNNN DDDDSource: Denardin et all 2007
MAP OF BRAZIL SOILSMAP OF BRAZIL SOILSMAP OF BRAZIL SOILSMAP OF BRAZIL SOILS
38.7%
20.0
Latosol - RedLatosol - YellowLatosol – BrownLatosol - Red-YellowArgisol
MOST FREQUENT SOILSMOST FREQUENT SOILSMOST FREQUENT SOILSMOST FREQUENT SOILS
%6.0%2.7%1.4%
14.6%
Neosol - sand quartzPlinthosolCambisolNitosol
16.6%OtherSource: Denardin et all 2007
6
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIESSOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIESSOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIESSOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
LatosolsLatosols, , ArgisolsArgisols, , NeosolsNeosols and and NitosolsNitosolsLatosolsLatosols, , ArgisolsArgisols, , NeosolsNeosols and and NitosolsNitosols
DeepDeepDeepDeepDeepDeepWellWell--draineddrained
Distributed on slightly rolling Distributed on slightly rolling to rolling landscapeto rolling landscape
DeepDeepWellWell--draineddrained
Distributed on slightly rolling Distributed on slightly rolling to rolling landscapeto rolling landscape
No limitations for No limitations for mechanizationmechanization
No limitations for No limitations for mechanizationmechanization
Source: Denardin et all 2007
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIESSOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIESSOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIESSOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Soil Organic MatterSoil Organic Matter
SOIL TYPESOIL TYPESOIL TYPESOIL TYPE g/100 gg/100 gg/100 gg/100 gNeosolsNeosols -- sand quartzsand quartzLatosolsLatosolsArgisolsArgisolsPlinthosolsPlinthosolsNit lNit l
NeosolsNeosols -- sand quartzsand quartzLatosolsLatosolsArgisolsArgisolsPlinthosolsPlinthosolsNit lNit l
< 2< 2< 4 < 4 < 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4
< 2< 2< 4 < 4 < 4< 4< 4< 4< 4< 4NitosolsNitosols
CambisolsCambisolsNitosolsNitosolsCambisolsCambisols
< 4< 4> > 55< 4< 4> > 55
Source: Denardin et all 2007
7
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIESSOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIESSOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIESSOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Most frequent soilsMost frequent soilsMost frequent soilsMost frequent soils
Clay fractionClay fraction1 : 11 : 1 (( caolinitecaolinite ))
Clay fractionClay fraction1 : 11 : 1 (( caolinitecaolinite ))1 : 1 1 : 1 ( ( caolinitecaolinite ))
oxides oxides Fe and AlFe and Al1 : 1 1 : 1 ( ( caolinitecaolinite ))
oxides oxides Fe and AlFe and Al
LOW WATER CLAY LOW WATER CLAY DISPERTIONDISPERTION
LOW WATER CLAY LOW WATER CLAY DISPERTIONDISPERTION
HIGH AGGREGATE HIGH AGGREGATE STABILITYSTABILITY
HIGH AGGREGATE HIGH AGGREGATE STABILITYSTABILITY
Source: Denardin et all 2007
Period Period Period
No Tillage System - PHASE I 1974-1979Y = 11,901X - 2.34x107 R2 = 0.84
PHASE I PHASE II PHASE III
1974 - 1979 1979 - 1991 1991 - 2006
Source: Adapted from FEBRAPDP (2007) by Denardin
8
1st Cycle
Agriculture challenges: technology
Impacts– Rural-county development
– Food supply stabilisation
– Food prices decrease
Assets:
– Unproductive lands– Public investment
– Increasing exportations
Products– Grains, meat, milk, fruits, fibres,
vegetables, and sugar cane.
Headquarters
9 Basic themes
Embrapa & National Agriculture Research SystemBudget 2008: US $ 1,2 billion
Personnel: 8.632
13 Commodities
15 Ecoregional
�
�
Labex USA
�
�
Labex Europe
3 Special services
17 State research system
Embrapa Africa
Embrapa Venezuela
9
Embrapa: Building research capability
12571337
14071509
1580
1400
1600
1800 PhD
724
1098
548 509403
320 274 324435
315247
156 104 91 79 67 58133
194
699
882968 10011046 1088
1150 1128 113511431069
1018965
10191020902
827 821
672596
89162
226298
404499
561645
717793
890955 1001 1012
1120
1257
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
MSc
BSc
2/10/2010
104 91 79 67 58 50 47 44 34 3115 3689
0
200
1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
BSc
Strong training program in centers of excellence around the world.
EMBRAPA STATE RESEARCH SYSTEM+ + UNIVERSITIES
National Agriculture Research System
10
Innovation and technology: food production
Food security: 1ST CYCLE
ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT
Agriculture challenges: Food Production
SOCIAL
GLOBAL INSERTION
Sustainable production systemsECONOMIC
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
11
Monocropping and disc cultivationInadequate soil management
Monocropping and disc cultivationInadequate soil management
Soil Management Challenges: beginning of erosion problems
Negative environmental impactsg p
Crop yield decline
Soil Erosion
Source: Balbino 2008
Traditional Soil Management
12
Traditional and Conservation Soil Management
Technology challenge: soil management system
Soil losses: 30 to 40 ton/ha/year
Consequences: Erosion problem
13
Technology challenge: soil management system
Period1974 - 1979 Period
1979 - 1991Period
1991 - 2006
Main Challenges: Tropical Agriculture
•Soil fertility correction
• Crop cultivar adapted to different conditions
PHASE I PHASE II PHASE III• Biological Nitrogen fixation
• Inefficient pre seedling & high cost of herbicides
• Post emergence weed control with low selectivity
• Inefficient technology of herbicide application: 2X
• Operational limitation of equipment
• Crop production system
Source: Adapted from FEBRAPDP (2007) by Denardin Year
ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT
Agriculture challenges: Sustainable Agriculture
Sustainable production systems
SOCIAL
GLOBAL INSERTION
Climate changes
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
14
Period Period Period
Y = 79,016X - 1.56x108 R2 = 0.99
No Tillage System: PHASE II 1979-1991
PHASE I PHASE II PHASE III
1974 - 1979 1979 - 1991 1991 - 2006
Source: Adapted from FEBRAPDP (2007) by Denardin
Agriculture challenges: Sustainable Agriculture
2nd CycleAssets– Land
Technolog
Impacts– Rural-county development
– Food supply stabilisation
1st Cycle
– Technology– Logistics
Food supply stabilisation
– Food prices decrease
– Increasing exportations
Products– Grains, meat, milk, fruits, fibres, vegetables,
and sugar cane.
Products– Grains, meat, fruits,
fibre, biofuel.
15
Arrangements− Food
E ti fib
Traditional areasExpansion areas
Soil Plant Climate
Innovation and technology: production systems
− Energetic fiber− Forestry
Perennial crops
Sustainability criteria
Period Period Period
Y = 79,016X - 1.56x108 R2 = 0.99
No Tillage System: PHASE II 1979-1991
PHASE I PHASE II PHASE III
1974 - 1979 1979 - 1991 1991 - 2006
Source: Adapted from FEBRAPDP (2007) by Denardin
16
Knowledge exchange
Process and equipment improvements
Mechanisms for opening furrows seedlings
17
Soil losses of 4-6 t/ha/year
Southern Region: erosion control no tillage system
Efficiency - post emergence herbicides for weed management
S O N D J F M A M J J A S O NArea
NO TILLAGE SYSTEM : SUBTROPICAL REGION
IDEAL PRODUCTION MODEL
1
2
3
S O N D J F M A M J J A S O NArea
Corn SorghumSorghum
Soybean
Corn + Brachiaria Wheat
Black Oat
Oat
3
4
Corn + Brachiaria
Soybean
Wheat
Nabo
18
Harvest-planting ProcessHarvest-planting Process
Harvest-planting ProcessHarvest-planting Process
19
ORGANIC MATTER STRAWORGANIC MATTER STRAW
Millet Maize Sorghum Mucuna Soybean Barley Wheat Vica
ROOT ACTIVITYROOT ACTIVITY
20
BIOLOGIC ACTIVITYBIOLOGIC ACTIVITY
MECHANIC ACTIONMECHANIC ACTION
1 cm
> 15 cm
21
Technology challenge: soil management system
Period1974 - 1979
Period1979 - 1991
Period1991 - 2006
The most important facts are :
• Knowledge exchange
• ABC Foundation was createdPHASE I PHASE II PHASE III
• ABC Foundation was createdin 1984: to promote research inNo Tillage associated withextension service and farmers.
• Agronomic and Seeders Tests were carried out by Embrapa Wheat Research Center.
• Process and equipment
Source: Adapted from FEBRAPDP (2007) by Denardin Year
q pimprovements.
Period1974 - 1979
Period1979 - 1991
Period1991 - 2006
Y = 1,709,957X - 3.40x109 R2 = 0.98
No Tillage System : PHASE III - 1991-2006
PHASE I PHASE II PHASE III
Source: Adapted from FEBRAPDP (2007) by Denardin
R&D and TT: sustainable technologies
22
Production Area (millions ha)–Total Area: 204
“The challenge of latosol management in the Cerrados was met using technology transfer from the Southern
experience”
–Farming Area: 127
Cultivated pastures: 35
Annual crops: 10
Perennial crop and cultivated forests: 2
A il bl 80Available area: 80
Innovation and technology: agriculture of the Cerrados.
Typical Rainfall for the Cerrados
Source:http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/Y2638E/y2638e08.htm#
23
October November December/January February March
Decades 70 & 80
Summer Crop Schedule
PlantingCultivation/Pest control
Harvesting
Traditional Tillage
Traditional Soil Management
Vilela, 2005
24
October November December/January February March
Decades 90 & 00
Summer Crop Schedule
Harvesting
No tillage Planting
Cultivation/Pest control
• Grain crop production using No Tillage
No Tillage: sowing without previous ploughing or harrowing.
Aração + gradagem
Summer Crop Schedule
K eeping p lan t residu es onil f ll i
gradagem
so il su rface a llow s erosionprotection .
Source: Balbino 2008
25
• Agronomy Technology
• Soil Management
• Machinery Technology
Technology transfer: mechanization for the Cerrados
• Machinery Technology
SOL MASTER 7 - 9
PH3 - PH5E PAR 2800/3000/3600
No Tillage Seeders technology: 27 manufactures
Chemical application technology
50
26
O N D J F M A M J J A S O
NO TILLAGE SYSTEM - BRAZILIAN CERRADOS
EXPANSION PRODUCTION MODEL
O N D J F M A M J J A S O
CornCorn
SoybeanSoybean
Brachiaria & LivestockBrachiaria & Livestock
CORN
EXPANSION PRODUCTION MODEL:
SOYBEAN
BRACHIARIA & LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
27
HARVESTING-SOWING PROCESSCROP ROTATION - FERTILE SOIL
• Flows of organic matter in productive agricultural systems
CONSERVATION TILLAGE SYSTEM
productive agricultural systems are similar to the ones observed in ecosystems.
• Permanent and simultaneous flow : mineralization and nutrient absorption.
• The use of intensive rotation ith hi h id fwith high residue cover from
crop production, under No Tillage, improves soil productivity.
Innovation and technology: Tropical No Tillage System
Technology challenge: soil management system
Period1974 - 1979
Period1979 - 1991
Period1991 - 2006
High efficiency of herbicide: selectivity
Substantial price reduction: US$
Main reasons for adoption: Structural brake slope
PHASE I PHASE II PHASE IIISubstantial price reduction: US$
48 US$ 15 US$ 4High technology of herbicide
application: 4L 0,6L Machinery equipment for all
productions scalesLivestock in the production
system: Santa Fé SystemProduction System for Tropical
Agriculture: 2-3crops/yr
Source: Adapted from FEBRAPDP (2007) by Denardin Year
g cu tu e 3c ops/y
28
REMARK of PHASE IIP roduc tion c os ts of C orn under No T illag e S ys tem in 3 different reg ions of B raz il (R $/Hec tare J uly ‐ 2009*)
2.600
2.800
R io Verde L ondrina Unaí
2.000
2.200
2.400
1.600
1.800
1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10
F onte : C onab* Valores corrigidos pelo IGP ‐DI da FGV ‐
Fertilizers Consumption in the Cerrados - 1986 e 2007
Region
Consumption (thousand tons)Increment 1986-2007
( % )1986 2007 ( % )1986 2007
Cerrados Region 2.650 10.866 310,0
Other Regions 6.520 10.116 55,1
Total: Brazil 9.170 20.982 128,8
Source: ANDA -Anuário Estatístico Setor de Fertilizantes, 1986 e 2007.
29
Fleet & sales of Tractors in the Cerrados Region
RegionFrota
Sales 20071975 2006 Increment %
(1975-2006)
52.459 228.832 336,21 7.494 Other Regions 270.654 559.221 106,62 24.241
Total: Brazil
Cerrados Region
Total: Brazil 323.113 788.053 143,89 31.735 Fonte: IBGE e Anfavea.
Fleet & sales of Combines in the Cerrados Region
RegionFrota
Sales 20071975 2006 Increment %
(1975-2006)Cerrados Region 15.784 52.782 234,40 787 15.784 52.782 234,40 787 Other Regions 68.923 106.636 54,72 1.590
Total: Brazil 84.707 159.418 88,20 2.377 Source: IBGE e Anfavea, 2006.
Innovation and technology: Tropical Agriculture
1960
20051975
1960
Fonte: MAPA
ILPF, Soybean expansion ...
30
One of the most dynamic sectors of the economy.5 million rural properties - 18 million people.
23% GNP 2007 and 37 % employment In the country.
Main source of International income
The Agribusiness in Brazil
Main source of International incomeCommercial balance: US$ 60 billions in 2008.
37% of Brazilian exports.
PRODUCTS PRODUCTION EXPORTS
Coffee 1º 1º
Sugar 1º 1º
Orange juice 1º 1º
Cattle meat 2º 1º
Tobacco 2º 1º
Alcohol 2º 1º
Soybean 2º 2º
Commercial Balance Evolution of Brazilian Agribusiness 1989 a 2008 ( US$ billions)
39,043,6
49,5
58,4
71,8
42,849,7
60,0
40
50
60
70
80
Soybean 2 2
Poultry meat 3º 1º
Mayze 4º 2º
Pork meat 4º 4º
Source: MAPA e USDA
13,913,012,4 14,515,919,120,921,1 23,421,520,520,623,9 24,8
30,6
3,1 3,2 3,6 3,0 4,2 5,7 8,0 5,7 5,8 4,8 4,4 4,7 4,8 5,1 6,7 8,711,8
8,6 8,9 8,28,8
15,213,5 14,820,4
25,9
34,238,5
,
10,89,811,511,813,412,3 12,2 14,8 19,1
0
10
20
30
40
1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
xExports Imports BalanceSource: AgroStat Brazil/ SECEX/MDIC
Production Growth of Agriculture Machinery
6060
31
180
200
Total
3rd CycleInnovation and technology : agriculture expansion
40
60
80
100
120
140
160 Total
Urban (80 %)
Inha
bita
nts
(mill
ion)
Urban and rural population
20
40
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1991 1996 2000 2007
Source: IBGE
Rural (20 %)
400
450
Available
Innovation and technology: agriculture expansion
Population > 100 millionArea > 4 million km²
Bangladesh
mill
ion
ha
100
150
200
250
300
350
Occupied
Available
Germany UK
Australia
Canada
Russia
USABrazil
China
Japan
Indonesia
Nigeria
Pakistan
Mexico
India
2/10/20
Source: FAO
Land availability
50
100
0 GDP > US$ 400 billion
France
Italy
Germany
Spain
Netherlds
UK
So. Korea
Source: Sacenco, N. 2006
The global context
32
Production Area (millions ha)
–Total Area: 204
F i A 127
Innovation and technology: agriculture expansion
–Farming Area: 127
Cultivated pastures: 35
Annual crops: 10
Perennial crop and cultivated forests: 2
Available area: 80
to precision agriculture…From small-scale agriculture...
Innovation and agriculture challenges: 3rd cycle
Summary :
Institutional and RD&I challenges
Partnerships: national and international
nanotechnology, system biology…
p
Knowledge frontier: nanotechnology, integration functional genomics ......
Growth Acceleration Program (PAC): budget and modernization
V Strategic Master Plan-2008-20011-2023: New Mission, Objectives, ...
33
Innovation and technology: new production systemsC
PIm
age:
Cou
rtesy
VC
Integrated crop-livestock-forestry
Recuperation of degraded pasture: 50 Million hectares
Until 2007
Source: Balbino 2008
GOALS FOR DEGRADED AREAS WITH ICroPASTURE :
–2006 - 3 million ha –2006 - 3 million ha –2010 - 5 million ha (Public Policies) –2015 - 18 million ha –2020 – 25 million ha –2030 – 36 million ha
Source: Balbino 2008
34
1. Conservation Tillage in Sub Tropical and Tropicalregions was implemented by the No Tillage systemwhich showed to be the most appropriate techniquefor soil management for erosion control.
CONCLUSIONS
2. As a whole, No Tillage systems were responsible formost of the improvement of agriculture equipment,development of new short cycle cultivars, low priceand efficiency of herbicide, their applicationtechnology, etc.
3. The change in concept was very significant and, atpresent, the No Tillage System comprehends acomplex of technologies .
4 The use of No Tillage in the Cerrados allowedfarmers to produce two or three crops per year,increasing planting efficiency by establishingproper seasonality for the sequence of crops
CONCLUSIONS
proper seasonality for the sequence of crops.
5 The use of No Tillage showed favorable impact onnitrogen fixation, and biological(integrated) pestcontrol associated to precision farming allowed forbetter natural resources management.
6 The magnitude and rate of adoption of the No TillageSystem by farmers in all regions is considered,today, a great revolution in Brazilian TropicalAgriculture.
35
Thank you!GrazieGracias
D k höDankeschönObrigado
[email protected]:Phones: 55-xx-61-9977418055-xx-61-34484306
Tropical plants and animals: – Soybean (photoperiodism)– Tropical and temperate-adapted fruits– Zebu cattle, swine, poultry etc.
Innovation and technology: tropical agriculture knowledge
N fixationBiological control of pests and diseasesNo Tillage systemIntegrated crop livestock forestry (ILPF)
Improved forrages and pastures quality– Meat & milk, Brachiaria spp.
Fibers and wood (cotton, Eucalyptus)
Post-harvesting losses reductionMechanization in agriculture – precision agricultureAgro-ecological zoningIntegrated production systems
Integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ILPF)
36
140
160
3,0
3,5
Innovation and technology: food production
40
60
80
100
120
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Area (ha)
Production (ton)
Yield (ton/ha)
Mill
ion
hect
ares
& to
nTon/ha
Grains: Rice, beans, maize, soybean, wheatSource: IBGE
2007 & 2008: estimate on March, 2008.
-
20
1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008-
0,5Area (ha)
EVOLUÇÃO DOS PREÇOS RELATIVOS : ARROZ - FEIJÃO - OLEO DE SOJA
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
n/75 n/76
n/77
n/78 n/79 n/80
n/81
n/82
n/83 n/84 n/85
n/86
n/87 n/88 n/89 n/90
n/91
n/92 n/93 n/94
n/95
n/96 n/97 n/98
n/99
n/00 n/01 n/02
n/03
n/04
n/05 n/06
OLEO DE SOJA
FEIJÃO ARROZ
MM6M
EVOLUÇÃO DOS PREÇOS RELATIVOS : OVO - ALFACE
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6MM6M
OVOS
ALFACE
1
1,2EVOLUÇÃO DOS PREÇOS REAIS DA CESTA DE PRODUTOS DA AGROPECUÁRIA EM
RESPOSTA AS INOVAÇÕES TÉCNOLÓGICASDEZ 1974 = 1
Innovation and technology: food cost
Evolution of real prices of agricultural basic products in response to technological innovations - December 1974=1
jun/7
jun/7 jun/7 jun/7jun
/7jun/8 jun/8 jun/8 jun/8
jun/8
jun/8 jun/8 jun/8jun
/8jun
/8jun/9 jun/9 jun
/9jun
/9jun/9 jun/9 jun
/9jun
/9jun/9 jun/9 jun/0
jun/0
jun/0 jun/0 jun/0 jun/0jun
/0
EVOLUÇÃO DOS PREÇOS REAIS : CARNE BOVINA - FRANGO - LEITE
1,2
1,4MM6M
EVOLUÇÃO DOS PREÇOS RELATIVOS : AÇUCAR - CAFÉ MM6M
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
jun/75jun/76
jun/77
jun/78jun
/79jun/8
0jun
/81jun/8
2jun/83
jun/84
jun/85jun/86
jun/87jun/8
8jun/8
9jun/9
0jun
/91jun/9
2jun/93
jun/94
jun/95jun
/96jun/9
7jun
/98jun/9
9jun/00
jun/01
jun/02jun/03
jun/04jun/05
jun/06
AÇUCAR
CAFÉ
EVOLUÇÃO DOS PREÇOS RELATIVOS : LARANJA - MAMÃO
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
jun/75 jun/77 jun/79 jun/81 jun/83 jun/85 jun/87 jun/89 jun/91 jun/93 jun/95 jun/97 jun/99 jun/01 jun/03 jun/05
MM6M
LARANJA
MAMÃO
EVOLUÇÃO DOS PREÇOS RELATIVOS : TOMATE - CENOURA - BATATA
1,6
1,8
2
BATATATOMATE
MM6M
0jun/75 jun/77 jun/79 jun/81 jun/83 jun/85 jun/87 jun/89 jun/91 jun/93 jun/95 jun/97 jun/99 jun/01 jun/03 jun/05
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
Average: -5.20% / year
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
jun/75 jun/77 jun/79 jun/81 jun/83 jun/85 jun/87 jun/89 jun/91 jun/93 jun/95 jun/97 jun/99 jun/01 jun/03 jun/05
LEITE
CARNE BOVINA
FRANGO0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
jun/75jun/76
jun/77
jun/78jun/79
jun/80
jun/81jun/82
jun/83jun/8
4jun/85
jun/86
jun/87jun/88
jun/89jun/90
jun/91
jun/92jun/93
jun/94
jun/95jun/96
jun/97jun/9
8jun
/99jun/0
0jun/0
1jun/02
jun/03
jun/04jun
/05jun/0
6
CENOURA0
0,2
jan/75 jan/77 jan/79 jan/81 jan/83 jan/85 jan/87 jan/89 jan/91 jan/93 jan/95 jan/97 jan/99 jan/01 jan/03 jan/05
Real food price in the last 30 years.
Yield
Mendonça de Barros et al., 2008.
37
International Investments
John Deere Brasil LtdaHorizontina
(RS)•Products: Tractors, Combines
and
AGCO do BrasilCanoas
and Santa and Planters
and Santa Rosa (RS)Products:
Tractors & Combines
New Holland do Brasil
Curitiba (PR)Products:
Tractors & Combines
Brazilian Wheel Tractors Fleet 1960-2007
7474
38
Crop-Pasture-Forest Program
Source: Balbino 2008
P roduc tion c os ts of S oybean under No T illag e and C onventional S ys tem in 4 different reg ions of B raz il ‐ (R$/Hec tare J uly ‐ 2009*)
1.800
1.900
2.000
P lantio D ireto C ampo Mourão/P RP lantio D ireto P rimavera do L es te/MTP lantio D ireto R io Verde/GOC onvenc ional Dourados /MS
1 200
1.300
1.400
1.500
1.600
1.700US$1006.78/ha
1.000
1.100
1.200
1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10
F onte : C onab* Valores corrigidos pelo IGP ‐DI da