Civil, Social, and Civil, Social, and Cultural Change Cultural Change

MovementsMovements

1960s1960s

The Feminine MystiqueThe Feminine Mystique

Written by Betty Friedan in 1963Written by Betty Friedan in 1963 Her views as a housewife and the Her views as a housewife and the

perception of womenperception of women Sparked the feminist movementSparked the feminist movement

WorkplaceWorkplace

43% of women 43% of women work by 1969 work by 1969 compared to 20% compared to 20% 19401940

By 1960 over 30% By 1960 over 30% of married women of married women worked worked

-up 15% from 1940-up 15% from 1940

National Organization of Women National Organization of Women (NOW)(NOW)

19661966 Largest organization for Largest organization for

women todaywomen today Helped fight for equality in Helped fight for equality in

the workplace, birth control the workplace, birth control & pregnancy rights, against & pregnancy rights, against sexism and discrimination, sexism and discrimination, etc.etc.

Today has expanded to Today has expanded to include rights of include rights of homosexualshomosexuals

ERA (Equal Rights ERA (Equal Rights Amendment) 1972 written Amendment) 1972 written by Alice Paul failed to pass by Alice Paul failed to pass as an amendment as an amendment guaranteeing equal rights to guaranteeing equal rights to women under lawwomen under law

Social Welfare SolutionsSocial Welfare Solutions

• Social Gospel Social Gospel MovementMovement--Religious Religious Organizations Organizations teach how to live a teach how to live a religious lifereligious life

• Comstock LawComstock Law-Can -Can Not Send “Bad” Not Send “Bad” Items through MailItems through Mail

Sanger & McCormickSanger & McCormick

MotherhoodMotherhood

The Pill approved in The Pill approved in 1960 by the FDA 1960 by the FDA

Married women 1965 in Married women 1965 in Griswold vs. Conn (right Griswold vs. Conn (right to privacy)to privacy)

Unmarried women 1972 Unmarried women 1972 Eisenstadt v. BairdEisenstadt v. Baird

Roe v. Wade 1973-Roe v. Wade 1973-legalized a woman’s legalized a woman’s right to have an abortionright to have an abortion

How does this change How does this change women’s rights?women’s rights?

Miss America ProtestMiss America Protest

1968 Atlantic City 1968 Atlantic City BoardwalkBoardwalk

Crowned a sheep Crowned a sheep in protest in protest

““Burned Bras”Burned Bras”

Women’s FashionWomen’s Fashion

Mini-SkirtTwiggy

Hot Pants Mod Style

The American Indian Movement The American Indian Movement (AIM)(AIM)

Founded 1968Founded 1968 Fought for land rights, Fought for land rights,

against poverty, against poverty, harassment, better harassment, better conditions on conditions on reservationsreservations

Environmental Environmental preservationpreservation

The Longest Walk of The Longest Walk of 1978 -3600 mile walk 1978 -3600 mile walk to DC to protect rightsto DC to protect rights

Mexican AmericansMexican Americans Cesar Chavez (died 1993) Cesar Chavez (died 1993)

Co-Founded National Co-Founded National Farmer Workers Farmer Workers AssociationAssociation

Encouraged and educated Encouraged and educated Mexican and Latino Mexican and Latino Americans to register to Americans to register to votevote

Helped in the Filipino Helped in the Filipino grape workers strike 1965grape workers strike 1965

Fought for fair wages and Fought for fair wages and conditions for farm conditions for farm workersworkers

Dolores Huerta co-Dolores Huerta co-founded National Farmers founded National Farmers Workers Assoc. Workers Assoc.

Gay Rights MovementGay Rights Movement

Frank Kameny Frank Kameny fired from job as fired from job as astronomer Army astronomer Army Map Service for his Map Service for his sexual orientationsexual orientation

Started Mattachine Started Mattachine Society with Harry Society with Harry HayHay

Stonewall RiotsStonewall Riots June 27,1969 Riots that took June 27,1969 Riots that took

place in Greenwich Village place in Greenwich Village New York between police New York between police and gays and lesbians after and gays and lesbians after a bar was raideda bar was raided

Seen as start of Gay Rights Seen as start of Gay Rights MovementMovement

Began to fight for the right Began to fight for the right to openly express their to openly express their sexuality and not be banned sexuality and not be banned from public placesfrom public places

Began the Gay Liberation Began the Gay Liberation Front and the start of Gay Front and the start of Gay Power/Gay Pride MovementPower/Gay Pride Movement

Environmental MovementEnvironmental Movement

1962 Silent Spring by 1962 Silent Spring by biologist Rachel Carsonbiologist Rachel Carson

Believed to have Believed to have sparked the sparked the environmental environmental movementmovement

Claimed pesticides and Claimed pesticides and chemicals harmed chemicals harmed environment and began environment and began to go after industryto go after industry

Attacked the use of DDT Attacked the use of DDT and warned against and warned against cancer, etc.cancer, etc.

How would you describe the 1960s?

Why do you think it is often called theCultural or Sexual Revolution inOur history?

Where do we go from here?

Have these groups successfully gained their equality?