TissuesTissuesMs. Madeleine Myers, FNPMs. Madeleine Myers, FNP

Kadoka Area School DistrictKadoka Area School District

How is it all Connected?How is it all Connected?

Cells = basic unit of lifeCells = basic unit of life

Cells come together to form TISSUESCells come together to form TISSUES

TISSUES come together to form ORGANSTISSUES come together to form ORGANS

ORGANS come together to form SYSTEMSORGANS come together to form SYSTEMS

SYSTEMS come together to form US.SYSTEMS come together to form US.

What is a TISSUE?What is a TISSUE?

“Layers or groups of SIMILAR cells with a “Layers or groups of SIMILAR cells with a COMMON function.”COMMON function.”

Tissues are distinguished from each other Tissues are distinguished from each other because of differences in size, organization, because of differences in size, organization, and functionand function

4 TYPES OF TISSUES4 TYPES OF TISSUES

Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues: :

Connective TissuesConnective Tissues: :

Muscle TissuesMuscle Tissues::

Nervous TissuesNervous Tissues::

EPITHELIAL TISSUESEPITHELIAL TISSUESSheets of cellsSheets of cells

Specialized contacts/cell junctionsSpecialized contacts/cell junctions

Connective tissue supportConnective tissue support

Easily regeneratesEasily regenerates

skin, lining of gut, mucous membranesskin, lining of gut, mucous membranes

Simple:Simple: just one just one layer or cell shapelayer or cell shape

Stratified:Stratified:multiple layers and multiple layers and cell shapescell shapes

Classes of EpitheliaClasses of Epithelia

Simple EpitheliaSimple EpitheliaType Cell shape ExampleSquamous Squashed Endothelium (lines blood

vessels), mesothelium(serous lining of celom)

Cuboid al Cubed Walls of glands

Columnar Columns Lining of gut tube;sometimes w ith cilia likelining of uterine tube

Pseudo-stratified Flat cells give riseto columns

With cilia in respiratorytubes to movemucous/particles out oflungs

Stratified EpitheliaStratified Epithelia

SquamousSquamousepidermisepidermis

Transitional epitheliumTransitional epithelium

urinary structuresurinary structures----bladderbladder

Features of Features of Apical Apical Surface of Surface of EpitheliumEpithelium

Microvilli: (ex) in small intestine

Finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane of apical epithelial cellIncrease surface area for absorption

Cilia: (ex) respiratory tubes

Whip-like, motile extensionsMoves mucus, etc. over epithelial surface 1-way

Flagella: (ex) spermatoza

Extra long ciliaMoves cell

EPITHELIAL TISSUESEPITHELIAL TISSUES

So if Epithelial tissues are on the body surface So if Epithelial tissues are on the body surface and surround the organsand surround the organsProtection:Protection:Secretion: Secretion: Absorption: Absorption: Excretion: Excretion: Transports:Transports:Sensory:Sensory:

EPITHELIAL TISSUESEPITHELIAL TISSUES

Epithelial Tissues are classified by the shape Epithelial Tissues are classified by the shape of their cells.of their cells.There are 3 different epithelial tissue cell typesThere are 3 different epithelial tissue cell types1. 1. SquamousSquamous: flattened cells: flattened cells

2. 2. CuboidalCuboidal: Cube: Cube--like cellslike cells

3. 3. ColumnarColumnar: Elongated: Elongated

EPITHELIAL TISSUESEPITHELIAL TISSUES

The arrangement of these cells varies.The arrangement of these cells varies.There are two different ways to arrange There are two different ways to arrange Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues

1.1. SimpleSimple: one layer of cells. : one layer of cells.

2. 2. StratifiedStratified: two or more layers of cells.: two or more layers of cells.

Can You Identify the Can You Identify the Classes of Epithelium?Classes of Epithelium?

A B

C

D

EQuiz!!

Types of Epithelial TissuesTypes of Epithelial Tissues

There are eight different types of Epithelial There are eight different types of Epithelial tissues.tissues.When you refer to one type of Epithelial tissue When you refer to one type of Epithelial tissue you call it an Epithelium (this is the singular you call it an Epithelium (this is the singular spelling).spelling).Example: Example: Simple Simple SquamousSquamous EpitheliumEpitheliumWhat can you tell me about the name above What can you tell me about the name above based on what you just learned?based on what you just learned?

Glands: Glands: epithelial cells that make and epithelial cells that make and secrete a watersecrete a water--based substancebased substance

Exocrine GlandsExocrine GlandsSecrete substance onto body surface or Secrete substance onto body surface or into body cavity into body cavity Have ductsHave ductsE.G., salivary, mammary, pancreas, liverE.G., salivary, mammary, pancreas, liver

Endocrine GlandsEndocrine GlandsSecrete product into blood streamSecrete product into blood streamEither stored in Either stored in secretorysecretory cells or in follicle cells or in follicle surrounded by surrounded by secretorysecretory cellscellsHormones travel to target organ to increase Hormones travel to target organ to increase responseresponseNo ductsNo ducts

Connective TissuesConnective Tissues**Comprise much of the body **Comprise much of the body **The most abundant type of tissue by weight.**The most abundant type of tissue by weight.1. bind structures1. bind structures2. provide support and protection2. provide support and protection3. serve as a framework3. serve as a framework4. fill spaces4. fill spaces5. store fat5. store fat6. produce blood cells6. produce blood cells7. protect against infection7. protect against infection8. help repair tissue damage.8. help repair tissue damage.

Connective Tissue: BloodConnective Tissue: Blood

1. Cells suspended in fluid called PLASMA1. Cells suspended in fluid called PLASMA2. Red blood cells: transport gases2. Red blood cells: transport gases3. White blood cells: fight infection3. White blood cells: fight infection4. Platelets: cause blood clotting4. Platelets: cause blood clotting5. Mast cells = release histamine that5. Mast cells = release histamine that dialatesdialatescapillaries = swelling and redness.capillaries = swelling and redness.

BLOODBLOOD

“Loose” connective tissues“Loose” connective tissues

Adipose tissue mostly under skin and in Adipose tissue mostly under skin and in mesenteriesmesenteriesReticular: organized 3Reticular: organized 3--D network of fibers D network of fibers that support lots of cellsthat support lots of cells

marrow, spleen, lymph nodesmarrow, spleen, lymph nodes

Adipose tissueAdipose tissue

Adipose TissueAdipose Tissue

These cells accumulate fat, they enlarge and These cells accumulate fat, they enlarge and their nuclei is pushed to one sidetheir nuclei is pushed to one sideWhen they become too abundant they crowd When they become too abundant they crowd out other cell types and form “adipose tissue”out other cell types and form “adipose tissue”Found: between muscles, around kidneys, Found: between muscles, around kidneys, behind eyeballs, surface of the heart, and behind eyeballs, surface of the heart, and around joints.around joints.

Connective Tissue: LooseConnective Tissue: Loose

binds the skin to the muscle tissue below binds the skin to the muscle tissue below

MUSCULE TISSUEMUSCULE TISSUE

SMOOTH TISSUESMOOTH TISSUE

“Dense” Connective tissues“Dense” Connective tissuesIrregularIrregular

Thick fibers running in many planesThick fibers running in many planesdermis, fibrous capsules around organsdermis, fibrous capsules around organs

RegularRegularAligned parallel fibersAligned parallel fibersResists tensionResists tensiontendon, ligaments, tendon, ligaments, aponeurosesaponeurosesSometimes with elastic fibersSometimes with elastic fibers

Connective Tissue: BoneConnective Tissue: Bone

Most rigid connective tissueMost rigid connective tissueInternally supports body structuresInternally supports body structuresVery active tissueVery active tissueHeals much more rapidly than injured cartilage Heals much more rapidly than injured cartilage because of close access to a blood supplybecause of close access to a blood supply

Dense Connective TissueDense Connective Tissue

CARTILAGECARTILAGE

Dense Connective Tissue: Dense Connective Tissue: tendons and ligamentstendons and ligaments

Very strong and can withstand pulling forces.Very strong and can withstand pulling forces.Binds body parts togetherBinds body parts togetherHas poor blood supply and is very slow to Has poor blood supply and is very slow to heal.heal.

Dense Connective Tissue: Dense Connective Tissue: tendons and ligamentstendons and ligaments

Cartilage: rigid, provides support, framework, Cartilage: rigid, provides support, framework, attachments, provides a structural model for attachments, provides a structural model for many developing bones.many developing bones.Contains a large volume of waterContains a large volume of waterThis is why sprains, damage to tissue around This is why sprains, damage to tissue around joints, takes considerable time to heal.joints, takes considerable time to heal.

3 types of cartilage3 types of cartilage

1. Hyaline: most common, tips of bones at 1. Hyaline: most common, tips of bones at joints, soft part of the nose, supporting rings of joints, soft part of the nose, supporting rings of the trachea. Prominent in early development.the trachea. Prominent in early development.

2. Elastic: more flexible, ears and larynx2. Elastic: more flexible, ears and larynx

3. 3. FibrocartilageFibrocartilage: very tough, shock absorber, : very tough, shock absorber, intervertebral intervertebral discs, knees and pelvis.discs, knees and pelvis.

Connective Tissue: ElasticConnective Tissue: Elastic

found in the attachments between bones of the found in the attachments between bones of the spinal column.spinal column.

Very rareVery rare in the body but are found in large in the body but are found in large arteries such as the aorta.arteries such as the aorta.

http://www.nucleusinc.com/

NERVOUS TISSUENERVOUS TISSUE