red blood cells, white blood cells & platelets
TRANSCRIPT
Red Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells &Platelets
Blood Film or Peripheral Blood Smear
o Is a thin layer of bloodo Smeared on a microscope slideo And then stained in such a way to allow the
various blood cells to be examined microscopically
Blood films are usually examined to investigate hematological problems
Prepare a Blood Film
1. Place a blood drop on one end of a dry slide.2. Then using a spreader slide to disperse the blood
over the slide’s length. 3. Air dry the film about 5 minutes.4. Add 8 drops of leishmann stain onto the slide and
leave 2 minutes.5. At the end of 2 minutes, add 16 drops of distilled
water onto the slide and leave for another 7 minutes.6. Then pour off mixture and wash the film with fresh
tap water.7. Dry it and see under microscope
Red Blood cells• Also called erythrocytes.• Has Biconcave Disk shape.
– Provides 20-30% greater surface area than a sphere
– Allows the erythrocytes to deform readily• No Nucleus, Organelles, Centrioles or
Division.• Count - Male 5.2-5.8 million/mm3
Female 4.3-5.2 million/mm3 • Erythropoiesis is occur in bone marrow.
• Life span of an erythrocyte is 120 days.• Old erythrocytes become rigid and fragile and their Hb begin to degenerate.
• Red cell destroy is occur in spleen.
In a blood film red cells are stained in pink due to high contain of Hb( A basic Protein )
Multipotent uncommitted stem cells
Committed stem cells
Early erythroblast
Pronomoblast
Early normoblast
Late normoblast
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte
BONE MARROW
BLOOD STREAM
ERYTHROPOIESIS
Granules are two types…….1. Specific Granules
• Binds to neutral, acidic or basic component of the dye
2. Azurophilic granules• These are with lysosomes and stain
purple blue.
All granulocytes…………..
– Non dividing terminal cells– Have less cellular organs– Have less protein synthesis– Have less mitochondria– Contain glycogen
Count 6000 – 11000 cells/mm3
Neutrophils• 40% to 70% in WBC• 12-15 µm in diameter• 2 – 5 lobes in nucleus• In females inactive X chromosome appear as a drumstick appendage on one lobe
• Cytoplasm contains granules, granules are small and numerous and purple
• Function – phagocytosis of bacteria• Half life time 6-7 days in blood
1-4 days in connective tissue• Increases in bacterial infection
Eosinophil• 1% to 6% in WBC• Bilobed nucleus• Contain Histamine• Increase in number
– Helminthic infections– Filariasis– Allergic conditions
• Show phagocytic function.
Basophils• Less than 1% in WBC• Irregular lobe• Specific basic granules
– Granules cover nucleus so difficult to see nucleus• Contain Histamine and Heparin• Increase in number in allergic conditions
Lymphocytes• 20% to 45% in WBC• Spherical shape with indentation• Cytoplasm continued to peripheral area • Few azurophilic granules• Life span - few days to several years• Only cell type that return to blood stream after diapedesis
• Two types T – directly attack cellB – produce antibody
• Smallest cell type
Monocytes• 2% to 8% in WBC• Dark bean shaped nucleus• Less condensed chromatin than lymphocytes• Basophilic cytoplasm with azurophilic granules• Bluish color cytoplasm• Precursor of macrophages• Show high phagocytic activity• Larges cell type
PLATELETSSynthesis• Produced in bone marrow – Megakaryocytes• Regulated by – Thrombopoietin• each megakaryocyte formed around 4000
platelets• From differentiation of stem cell to platelets takes around 10 days
• Smallest blood cells• Colorless, spherical appear as dark pink in stained sections• No nucleus cannot reproduce• Covered with a glycoprotein surface coat• In healthy individuals 1/3 remain in the spleen• Life span 7 – 10 days
Secretions Fibrin Stabilizing Factor Platelet Derived Growth Factor Von Willebrand Factor Serotonin