red blood cells, white blood cells & platelets

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Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells & Platelets

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Page 1: red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets

Red Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells &Platelets

Page 2: red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets

 Blood Film or Peripheral Blood Smear

o Is a thin layer of bloodo Smeared on a microscope slideo And then stained in such a way to allow the

various blood cells to be examined microscopically

Blood films are usually examined to investigate hematological problems 

Page 3: red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets

Prepare a Blood Film

1. Place a blood drop on one end of a dry slide.2. Then using a spreader slide to disperse the blood 

over the slide’s length. 3. Air dry the film about 5 minutes.4. Add 8 drops of leishmann stain onto the slide and 

leave 2 minutes.5. At the end of 2 minutes, add 16 drops of distilled 

water onto the slide and leave for another 7 minutes.6. Then pour off mixture and wash the film with fresh 

tap water.7. Dry it and see under microscope

Page 4: red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets
Page 5: red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets

Red Blood cells• Also called erythrocytes.• Has Biconcave Disk shape.

– Provides 20-30% greater surface area than a sphere

– Allows the erythrocytes to deform readily• No Nucleus, Organelles, Centrioles or 

Division.• Count - Male 5.2-5.8 million/mm3

Female 4.3-5.2 million/mm3 • Erythropoiesis is occur in bone marrow. 

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• Life span of an erythrocyte is 120 days.• Old erythrocytes become rigid and fragile and their Hb begin to degenerate.

• Red cell destroy is occur in spleen. 

In a blood film red cells are stained in pink due to high contain of Hb( A basic Protein )

Page 7: red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets

Multipotent uncommitted stem cells

Committed stem cells

Early erythroblast

Pronomoblast

Early normoblast

Late normoblast

Reticulocyte

Erythrocyte

BONE MARROW

BLOOD STREAM

Page 8: red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets

ERYTHROPOIESIS

Page 9: red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets
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Granules are two types…….1. Specific Granules

• Binds to neutral, acidic or basic component of the dye

2. Azurophilic granules• These are with lysosomes and stain 

purple blue.

Page 11: red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets

All granulocytes…………..

– Non dividing terminal cells– Have less cellular organs– Have less protein synthesis– Have less mitochondria– Contain glycogen

Count 6000 – 11000 cells/mm3

Page 12: red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets

Neutrophils• 40% to 70% in WBC• 12-15 µm in diameter• 2 – 5 lobes in nucleus• In females inactive X chromosome appear as a drumstick appendage on one lobe

• Cytoplasm contains granules, granules are small and numerous and purple

• Function – phagocytosis of bacteria• Half life time  6-7 days in blood

1-4 days in connective tissue• Increases in bacterial infection

Page 13: red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets

Eosinophil• 1% to 6% in WBC• Bilobed nucleus• Contain Histamine• Increase in number

– Helminthic infections– Filariasis– Allergic conditions

• Show phagocytic function.

Page 14: red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets

Basophils• Less than 1% in WBC• Irregular lobe• Specific basic granules 

– Granules cover nucleus so difficult to see nucleus• Contain Histamine and Heparin• Increase in number in allergic conditions 

 

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Page 16: red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets

Lymphocytes• 20% to 45% in WBC• Spherical shape with indentation• Cytoplasm continued to peripheral area • Few azurophilic granules• Life span - few days to several years• Only cell type that return to blood stream after diapedesis

• Two types  T – directly attack cellB – produce antibody

• Smallest cell type

Page 17: red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets

Monocytes• 2% to 8% in WBC• Dark bean shaped nucleus• Less condensed chromatin than lymphocytes• Basophilic cytoplasm with azurophilic granules• Bluish color cytoplasm• Precursor of macrophages• Show high phagocytic activity• Larges cell type

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Page 19: red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets

PLATELETSSynthesis• Produced in bone marrow – Megakaryocytes• Regulated by – Thrombopoietin• each megakaryocyte formed around 4000

platelets• From differentiation of stem cell to platelets takes around 10 days

Page 20: red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets

• Smallest blood cells• Colorless, spherical appear as dark pink in stained sections• No nucleus cannot reproduce• Covered with a glycoprotein surface coat• In healthy individuals 1/3 remain in the spleen• Life span 7 – 10 days

Secretions Fibrin Stabilizing Factor Platelet Derived Growth Factor Von Willebrand Factor Serotonin

Page 21: red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets
Page 22: red blood cells, White blood cells & platelets