CHAPTER 2, SECTION 1 – SOLIDS, LIQUIDS,

AND GASES

PA STANDARDS:

3.2.C.A1 – Differentiate

between physical and chemical

properties of matter

22. CHAPTER 2, SECTION 1:

Matter is classified by “state” including -

Solids

Liquids, or

Gases

The state depends on the temperature.

Solid, Liquids, and Gases Animation

(Click on this link, then open the “States of Matter

Animation”

23. PROPERTIES OF THE STATES OF MATTER

Solids, liquids and gases are defined by:

Shape

Volume (space occupied)

Particle motion

24. SHAPE OF A SOLID:

There is a definite shape

Two shape types exist:

Crystalline solids – particles have a

definite pattern arrangement

(ex: salt, sand, or ice crystals)

Amorphous solids – particles do not

have a definite pattern arrangement

(ex: plastic, glass, rubber)

25. VOLUME OF A SOLID:

Every solid has a definite volume

Its volume is easily measured

by (L x W x H)

or through water displacement

26. PARTICLE MOTION IN SOLIDS:

Particles are packed close together

They move, but only vibrating in place

27. SHAPE OF A LIQUID:

Does not have a definite shape

Takes the shape of any container

28. VOLUME OF A LIQUID:

Has a definite volume

Not compressible (the volume can’t be

squeezed smaller)

29. PARTICLE MOTION IN LIQUIDS

Particles are free to move around andchange location

Movement makes a liquid “fluid” (able to flow)

Fluids have differing “viscosity” (resistance to flow)

Low viscosity = thin liquids that flow quickly (ex: water)

High viscosity = thick liquids that flow slowly (ex: molasses)

30. SHAPE OF A GAS:

Has no definite shape

Forms shapeless mist, or takes the shape of a

container

31. VOLUME OF A GAS:

Has no definite volume since the volume

changes with the size of the container

Can be compressed to fit in a small container

or will expand to fill a larger one

32. PARTICLE MOTION IN A GAS:

Particles move at high speeds

Particles spread apart to fill the available space

Gases can flow (like liquids)

View an animation comparing the particle motion in

solids, liquids, and gases by right clicking this link,

then select “Open Hyperlink”:

http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/c

haracter.html

VISUAL REVIEW

http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/state.html

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASES SIMULATIONS

Click on the following to view how particles

behave in the different states of matter

States of Matter and Particle Behavior

Next, click this site then open “Solids, Liquids

and Gases”:

States of Matter in Our Environment