Chapter 15 – Changes in Matter

Chapter 15 – Changes in Matter

Section 15-1

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, & GASES

States of MatterStates of Matter

• Different forms of matter:• Solids• Liquids• Gases

PARTICLES ARE ALWAYS IN MOTION

States of MatterStates of Matter

• State depends on 2 things:• Particle (atoms/molecules) arrangement

• repeating pattern, in contact, or random• Particle motion

• vibrating, sliding freely, or spread apart in all directions

Solid MatterSolid Matter

• Definite volume, definite shape

• Particles packed together tightly

• Particles in a fixed position, but vibrating

• Examples: wood, glass, salt, plastic

Vibrate in place

Types of Solid MatterTypes of Solid Matter

• Crystalline Solid – regular, repeating pattern• Examples - salt, sugar, sand, snow• Melts at distinct, characteristic melting point

SALT SNOW

Types of Solid MatterTypes of Solid Matter

• Amorphous Solid – NOT arranged in a pattern• Examples – plastics, rubber, glass• NO distinct melting point (melts over a range),

becomes “softer” as it is heated

CANDLE GLASS

Liquid MatterLiquid Matter

• Definite volume,NO definite shape

• Particles can move from place to place (slide)

• Particles attracted to each other, but easily separate

• Take the shape of the container its put in

• Examples: milk, oil, water

Sliding, in contact

Liquid MatterLiquid Matter

• Viscosity – resistance of a liquid to flow• Fluid – a substance that flows

• HIGH VISCOSITY – flow slow (syrup, honey)• LOW VISCOSITY – flow quickly (water, alcohol)

LOW HIGH

Viscosity Viscosity

Note: Earth Science – lava flows can be runny or thick (viscosity)

Gas MatterGas Matter

• NO definite volume,

NO definite shape• Particles push outward on

container, flying at high speeds

• Spread to fill container • Particles can travel

anywhere, until they hit a solid surface

• Examples:

air (breathing in & out), oxygen, water vapor, perfume odor

Move freely

SHAPEVOLUME

Summary

The End!The End!

Matter matters because it is (almost) everything.