Solids, Liquids, GasesCh 16

09-10

Phase Change GraphsShows the temperatures at which

substances change from solids to liquids, liquids to gases

Can show time or energy needed to make the changes

Phase changes - Adding energy

Phases Change Example

Solid liquid Melting Ice water

Liquid Gas Boiling Water steam

Solid Gas SublimingDry ice CO2

Gas

Phase changes – Giving Off energy

Phases Change Example

Liquid solid Freezing water ice

Gas liquid Condensing steam water

Gas solid DepositingWater vapor

frost

Water Phase Change Graph

During a phase change, such as melting or boiling, the Temperature remains the same.

During a phase change, such as melting or boiling, the energy is changing.

On the phase change graph, the energy/time is the independent variable.

On the phase change graph, the temperature is the dependent variable.

DensityDEF: amount of mass in a

certain volume.Density is a physical

property.

Circle Formula

Variable Units

m = mass g

V = volumeLiquids - mL

Solids - cm3

D = densityLiquids – g/mL

Solids – g/cm3

What is the density of a 140g block of wood whose volume is 200mL?

What is the density of a piece of iron that has a mass of 16.4 g and a volume of 2.08 mL?

What is the density of a granite block that has a volume of 47 cm3 and a mass of 220 g?

If a block of tungsten has a mass of 97 g and a volume of 5 cm3, what is the density of the tungsten block?

Ice has a density less than water. If you have a 34 g block of ice with a volume of 38 mL, what is the density of the ice block?

Floating VS Sinking

Water’s density is 1g/mL.Objects density < 1 will float in waterObjects density > 1 will sink. in water

Gas Laws

Sections 2 - 3

Objectives 16-2 Explain and apply Gas Laws. 16-3 Determine the viscosity of a liquid.

Viscosity – DEF: Resistance to flow

High viscosity pours slowly

EX:

Low viscosity pours fast/easily

EX:

PressureDEF: Amount of force exerted

per unit area

Caused byIn gases

Particles hitting each otherIn liquids & solids

Pushing down

Pressure on your hand activity

See worksheet packet for directions

RelationshipsHigher altitude = lower air pressure

Lower altitude = higher air pressure

RelationshipsDeeper under water =

higher water pressure

Shallow water = lower water pressure

Thermal ExpansionDEF: A substance increase in

size as temperature increasesIt will decrease in size as the

temperature decreases

Thermometers As temp rises, fluid takes up

more spaceHot Air Balloons

As temp rises, air less dense, Hot Air Balloon moves upward

Bridge JointsAs road expands, would

push up if no place to go

Thermal expansion in gases is involved with 2 gas laws.Boyle’s LawCharles’ Law

Off to the SMART Notebook