Chapter 2: Matter and Energy Section 1: Matter Matter: Anything that has mass and volume A solid is a form of matter that has the following properties: Definite Shape Definite Volume Not easily compressed The particles in a solid are packed tightly together in an orderly configuration. Examples: wood, rock Types of Solids Crystal Describes a solid that has a repeating structure Example: NaCl Amorphous Material Describes a solid that has a random arrangement of atoms Example: rubber, plastic, asphalt, glass A liquid is a form of matter that has the following properties: Indefinite Shape Definite Volume Not Easily Compressed Flows The particles in a liquid are in close contact with one another, but are not arranged in an orderly configuration. Examples: apple juice, milk A gas is a form of matter that has the following properties: Indefinite Shape Indefinite Volume Easily Compressed The particles of a gas are farther apart than in either a solid or a liquid and there is no orderly arrangement. Examples: steam, oxygen A closer look at the particles that make up solids, liquids, and gases Ice Cube: Solid Glass of Water: Liquid Steam: Gas A Bar of Soap? Solid!! Soap in a Bottle?? Liquid!! Iodine Gas!! Silver Ring?? Solid!! MeltingFreezing CondensationVaporization DepositionSublimation Physical Changes: Keywords Cut Split Slice Crush Bend Melt Freeze Boil Evaporate Dissolve Chemical Changes: Keywords Burn Rot Rust React Decompose Combustion Explode Corrode Element ElementCompound Classifying Substances Activity Classify the following substances as an element or compound. a.CO (Carbon Monoxide) b.Co (Cobalt) c.HCl (Hydrochloric Acid) d.Mg (Magnesium) e.NaHCO 3 (Sodium Bicarbonate) f.NO (Nitrogen Monoxide) g.Cl 2 (Chlorine) Classifying Substances Activity Classify the following substances as an element or compound. a.CO (Carbon Monoxide) = compound b.Co (Cobalt) = element c.HCl (Hydrochloric Acid) = compound d.Mg (Magnesium) = element e.NaHCO 3 (Sodium Bicarbonate) = compound f.NO (Nitrogen Monoxide) = compound g.Cl 2 (Chlorine) = element Classifying Mixtures Activity Group each of the following mixtures into one of the following categories: heterogeneous mixture or homogeneous mixture soup, salad, salt water, vinegar, air, salad dressing, stainless steel, food coloring, granite, ice cubes in liquid water, mashed unpeeled potatoes, mouthwash, laundry detergent, cereal, mud Classifying Mixtures Activity Homogeneous Mixture: salt water, vinegar (mixture of water and acetic acid), stainless steel (mixture of iron, chromium, and nickel), food coloring, mouthwash Heterogeneous Mixture: soup, salad, air, granite rock, ice cubes in liquid water, mashed unpeeled potatoes, laundry detergent, cereal, salad dressing, mud Classifying Matter Activity Identify the following as a mixture or a substance: oxygen, neon, apple, sand, iron, water, air, paint, sodium chloride, sucrose, carbon dioxide, granite, laundry detergent, citric acid, cereal, salad, salad dressing, copper, ocean water, gold Classifying Matter Activity Mixture: apple, sand, air, paint, granite, laundry detergent, cereal, salad, salad dressing, ocean water Substance: oxygen, neon, iron, water, sodium chloride, sucrose, carbon dioxide, citric acid, copper, gold