ch 2 sec 3,4,5
TRANSCRIPT
04/12/23
12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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Independence and the Constitution
Chapter 2 section 3, 4 and 5
04/12/23
12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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Topics
I. The State Governments
II. The Articles of Confederation
III. The Constitution
IV. Ratification
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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I. The State governments
A. A common experience
B. What did they fear?
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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A. common experience
• State governments used:– Constitutions- social contracts– Popular Sovereignty– Limited the power of government.– 7 states had a bill of Rights– All had separation of power
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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B. What did they fear?
• A strong central government.– States just achieved independence.– Do they want to give it up to a central
government?– Think moving in with your Grandparents!!
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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II. The Articles of Confederation
A. Definition
B. A brief description
C. Its weaknesses
D. Shay’s Rebellion.
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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A. Definition
It was the first attempt the American colonists made at creating their own government
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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B. A brief description
• It was a confederation.• Weak central government.• Strong state government.
• Legislature had most of power.• Unicameral.• No executive or judicial branch.
• Difficult to make change.• 9 states needed to approve laws.• 13 to amend.
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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C. Its weaknesses
• Powerless to regulate foreign and interstate trade.
• No executive to enforce the law.
• No Power to Tax.
• 9 to approve, 13 to amend.
• No national court system– How are disputes settled?
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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D. Shay’s Rebellion
• Economic conditions were worsening.– States had trade wars.– Had there own currency.
• Many farmers were losing there farms.– Daniel Shay led a rebellion against the
government.– The central government had no troops to
respond.
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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III. The Constitution
A. The Framers?
B. The Virginia Plan
C. The New Jersey Plan
D. The Connecticut Compromise
E. Other Compromises
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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A. The Framers
• 55 delegates from 12 states, No R.I.
• A long hot summer.
• Met in secrecy
• The role of Madison (Not Jefferson).
• “Never before or since, has so remarkable a group been brought together in this country.”
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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B. The Virginia Plan
• Proposed by James Madison
• Proposed 3 branches of government.
• Executive and Judiciary selected by the Legislative branch.
• A two house legislature (Bicameral) that had proportional representation.– Plan favored larger states.
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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C. The New Jersey Plan
• It had no president, but an executive committee.
• Single house legislature (Unicameral) with with equal representation.– Favored smaller states.
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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D. The Connecticut Compromise
• The Great Compromise
• Two houses– The Senate
• Equal representation• Two seats per state
– The House.• Proportional Representation.
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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E. Other Compromises
• The 3/5 Compromise– Issue: Slavery-taxation and representation– Postpones slave debate
• The Electoral College– Issue:Who elects the President.
• Federalism– State power vs. national government
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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IV. The Fight for ratification
A. The Federalists
B. The Anti-Federalists
C. Ratification
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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A. The Federalists
• John Jay, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison.
• Supported a strong central government.
• The Federalist Papers
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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B. The Anti Federalists
• Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams and George Mason.
• Wanted stronger state governments..– More responsive to the people.
• Constitution lacked a Bill Of Rights.
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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C. Ratification
• 9 states required to ratify.– By June 1789 9 states did.– But not Virginia and New York.
• Virginia and New York were needed.
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12.1 Explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.
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Terms.
• Ratify• Bill of Rights• Legislative Branch• Executive Branch• Judicial Branch• Unicameral• Bicameral
• Articles of Confederation
• Shay’s Rebellion• Great Compromise• 3/5 compromise